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725  MARKET  ST.  (History  Building),        SAN  FRANC 


.1ST 

SAN 


II; 


HEALTH, 

HAPPINESS, 
and  LONGEVITY 


Health  without  Medicine,  Happiness 
without  Money, 


THE  RESULT, 

LONGEVITY. 


BY 


Author  of  the  ANNUAL  STATISTICIAN  AND  ECONOMIST, 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


$«£*> 

JIVJB! 

iksrm: 


SAN  FRANCISCO: 

&    CO., 
210  POST  STREET. 


HEALTH       Ly 

art- 
HAPPINESS 


AND 


LONGEVITY. 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress  in  the  year  1890,  by 

i,.  P.  MCCARTY, 

In  the  Office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress  at  Washington,  D.  C. 


PRICE,  IN  FLEXIBLE  COVERS,  $.75 

PRICE,  IN  PAPER  COVERS,         -  .50 


i  L  p.  MCCARTY,  8i4  cai.  st,  s.  R,  cai. 

OR  THE  BOOK  TRADE  GENERALLY, 


&   CO., 
WHOLESALE  AGENTS,  210  POST  ST.; 
SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


TJHI7BESIT7 


PREFACE. 

"to  Know 

That  which  before  ns  lies  In  dally  life 
Is  the  prime  wisdom.    What  is  more  is  fume, 
Or  emptiness,  or  fond  Impertinence, 
And  renders  us,  in  things  thiit  most  concern, 
Unpractlc'd,  unprepar'd,  and  still  to 

—Milton's  Adam  to  Atigel. 

Experience  is  honored. 

This  book  ia  the  result  of  experience. 

Man  is  interested  in  what  pertains  to  health. 

\Ve  are  positive  that  the  ideas  herein  set  forth  are  healthful. 

Our  profession  is  not  that  of  a  doctor  of  chemical  medicines. 

We  have  no  hobby  to  ride  or  patent  panacea  to  advertise,  but 
desire  to  express,  in  plain,  forcible,  truthful  language,  the  methods 
by  which  mankind  can  practically  achieve  health,  happiness 
and  longevity.  These  go  together.  Why  should  they  not?  Re- 
lated, dependent  upon  each  other,  the  great  objects  of  human 
life,  the  culmination  of  all  physical  and  worldly  pleasure  are 
contained  in  them. 

Whether  you  are  the  perfect  embodiment  of  a  business  man 
or  the  ideal  disciple  of  a  certain  profession,  you  cannot  possibly 
reach  the  highest  or  even  most  lucrative  grades  of  your  calling 
without  health,  happiness,  and  their  logical  consequence,  lon- 
u'l-vity.  They  will  prove  trusty  lieutenants.  Without  them  the 
battle  of  life  will  draw  to  a  close  in  retreat  and  end  in  defeat. 

To  assert  that  the  average  man  can  enjoy  health  without 
medicine,  happiness  without  even  money,  and  longevity  too,  is 
a  broad  and  sweeping  declaration.  In  fact,  we  expect  to  have 
opposition  from  those  who  have  not  tried  the  formula  laid  down 
in  the  following  pages. 


IV  PREFACE. 

To  keep  yourself  in  health  without  medicine  is  what  we  intend 
to  convey;  and  we  assert  that  but  little  or  no  medicine  is  neces- 
sary to  reach  that  condition.  To  have  happiness  without  any 
money  (in  the  present  condition  of  society)  is  not  what  we  claim, 
but  that  more  happiness  can  be  extracted  from  a  competency 
than  by  more  or  less. 

To  live  to  good  old  age  means  with  us  80  to  120  years,  to  in- 
crease with  future  generations,  when  order,  regularity,  sobriety, 
cleanliness,  and  love  for  the  whole  human  family,  shall  be  para- 
mount in  the  political,  moral,  and  intellectual  world. 

The  author  is  living  on  thirty  years  of  made  land.  In  other 
words,  according  to  medical  diagnosis,  he  should  have  died  thirty 
years  ago!  Hence  he  desires  to  put  before  the  unhealthy,  un- 
happy, and  short-lived  human  race  the  result  of  his  experience 
of  half  a  century.  Having  battled  writh  a  score  of  diseases,  a 
number  of  which  were  claimed  to  be  absolutely  incurable — 
having  freed  himself  entirely  of  them  all — having  been  com- 
pletely restored  to  health  and  happiness,  he  honestly  believes 
that  he  has  a  convincing  right  to  be  heard. 

You  can  now  prove  for  yourself. 


PART  I. 


C  H  APT.E  R    I. 

"Health  is  the  vital  principle  of  bliss, 
And  exercise  of  health." 

Health,  Happiness,  and  Longevity.  What  a  talisman  is 
INTO!  In  them  is  the  magic  that  can  rule  all  men.  No 
seal,  figure,  character,  engraven  on  a  sympathetic  stone,  can 
equal  their  single  or  combined  influence.  Say  to  your  fel- 
low-man, "  If  you  follow  my  direction  I  will  confer  upon  you 
health,  happiness,  and  longevity,"  and  you  will  receive  his 
lasting  gratitude.  He  will  always  be  your  friend.  Money 
is  potent,  but  these  qualities  are,  as  it  were,  omnipotent. 
Money  alone  cannot  bring  them ;  they  alone  can  make 
wealth. 

This  work  is  not  a  philosophical  treatise,  difficult  to  read 
and  more  so  to  comprehend.  Its  ideas  are  simple,  the  re- 
sult of  long  experience  and  observation.  Its  propositions 
are  easily  demonstrated.  Then,  my  reader,  do  not  think 
you  are  perusing  the  hobbies  of  a  crank,  the  fantasies  of  a 
dreamer,  and  the  preachings  of  him  who  does  not  practice. 
The  world  has  been  so  flooded  with  worthless  productions 
of  such  characters  that  we  fear  we  must  combat  severe 
prejudice.  Will  you  lay  that  aside?  If  so  we  will  not 
only  interest  but  instruct  you.  Agreeing  with  our  premises 
and  conclusions, you  will  certainly  reap  some  benefit;  not 
agreeing,  you  will  be  tempted  to  further  investigation, 
which  will  inevitably  prove  the  strength  of  our  position. 

This  book  was  not  written  at  one  sitting  or  many,  but 
it  is  the  culmination  of  several  years'  preparation.  While 
the  first  part  is  the  result  of  thorough  reasoning  and  expe- 
rience, the  second  is  a  collection  of  the  best  modern  data  on 
prominent  diseases  and  their  remedies,  with  our  own  anno- 
tations. Both  sections  represent  thoughtful  and  paiustak- 

(5) 


6  HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

ing  labor.  Even  if  you  are  so  bold  as  to  maintain  that 
you  possess  health,  happiness,  and  are  sure  of  longevity,  we 
believe  you  cannot  fail  to  find  practical,  valuable  truths  in 
these  pages.  Whether  you  are  an  editor,  merchant,  lawyer, 
doctor,  minister,  or  day-laborer,  we  hope  at  least  to  enter- 
tain you.  Are  we  right?  Read  and  judge. 

From  the  mythological  times  of  ^Esculapius  down  to  the 
present  day,  votaries  of  medical  science  have  been  com- 
pounding, diagnosing,  and  prescribing  for  helpless,  suffering 
humanity.  For  many  ages  this  condition  may  have  been 
a  necessity,  but  in  the  light  of  our  present  civilization, 
sound  common  sense  is  the  best  physician.  That  doctors 
cannot  be  trusted  to  be  right  in  every  instance  or  even  in 
a  majority  of  them  is  shown  by  practical  experiments. 
They  certainly  are  well  proved  to  be  an  inharmonious  crowd 
by  the  experience  of  a  Boston  Globe  reporter,  who  recently 
called  upon  ten  regular  physicians  on  the  same  day,  and 
described  his  symptoms  in  exactly  the  same  language  to 
each.  He  received  ten  prescriptions,  of  which  no  two  were 
alike,  and  a  majority  were  utterly  inconsistent  each  with 
the  other.  Nellie  Bly,  the  famous  lady  writer  of  the  New 
York  World,  had  a  cold  and  went  to  over  fifty  of  the 
city's  leading  physicians,  in  October,  1889,  asking  them  to 
prescribe  for  her.  They  did,  and  among  the  collection 
there  were  no  two  alike,  and  many  diametrically  opposite 
in  nature  and  effect ! 

In  a  lecture  recently  delivered  before  the  Cooper  Medi- 
cal College,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  on  the  subject  of  "Quacks 
and  Quackery,"  by  Prof.  L.  C.  Lane,  the  speaker  said : 
"  Every  good  thing  in  the  world  has  been  counterfeited,  and 
in  these  advanced  times  the  work  is  so  well  done  that  it 
takes  an  expert  to  detect  the  true  from  the  false.  Every- 
thing is  now  more  or  less  adulterated,  especially  the  food 
we  consume.  The  three  great  professions  also  of  theology, 
law,  and  medicine,  have  been  and  are  grossly  counterfeited, 
especially  the  latter,  which  opens  up  the  widest  field  for  im- 
posture." 

As  the  above  quotations,  without  an  explanation,  might 
convey  the  idea  to  the  reader  that  the  author  considers 


HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY.  7 

that  doctors,  dentists,  and  specialists  are  no  longer  a  neces- 
sity, I  will  say,  Under  the  present  state  of  society,  they  are 
not  only  indispensable,  but  absolutely  a  necessity.  When 
you  are  ill,  and  do  not  know  what  is  the  matter  with  you, 
or  if  you  know  the  nature  of  your  ailments,  and  do  not 
know  a  remedy,  seek  a  first-class  physician ;  take  his  advice 
in  every  particular  until  he  either  cures  you  or  you  are 
convinced  he  cannot.  I  am  not  a  prophet,  nor  the  son  of 
one,  but  I  will  venture  an  opinion  that  before  the  close  of 
the  next  century,  the  position  of  the  minister,  teacher,  and 
physician,  will  be  filled  by  one  and  the  same  person.  The 
teacher  thru  will  fill  the  most  exalted  position  on  the  earth. 
He  will  not  only  instruct  how  to  navigate  the  air  without 
collision,  but  how  not  to  catch  cold  at  30,000  feet  elevation 
in  your  shirt  sleeves,  and  who  and  what  is  God.  His  school- 
house  will  sit  upon  the  most  elevated  spot  in  his  district, 
with  light  reflected  from  all  four  sides;  it  will  be  at  least 
fifty  feet  from  the  floor  of  his  school-room  to  the  ceiling; 
and  in  place  of  a  steeple,  there  will  be  a  dome,  containing 
a  100-inch  refractor  telescope,  and  with  the  extra  timber 
not  used  for  a  steeple,  the  seats  will  be  made  more  comfort- 
able, and  pure  filtered  water  will  be  supplied  for  the  pupils 
to  drink. 

It  is  granted  that  the  majority  of  mankind  appreciate 
health,  desire  happiness,  and  expect  longevity.  With  this 
as  an  incentive,  why  not  strive  to  win  the  prize?  Do  not 
depend  on  the  doctor,  do  not  think  some  drug  must  be  ap- 
plied or  imbibed  for  every  ill ;  there  are  other  methods. 

Perhaps  we  can  aid  you  to  the  true  enjoyment  of  life  if 
you  will  impartially  weigh  our  art/uinent.  Here  is  an 
editor  suffering  from  nervousness.  He  consults  a  physician, 
who  hands  him  an  opiate  so  that  he  can  sleep.  Better  if 
he  had  given  up  all  thought  of  his  paper  and  battles  of 
words,  on  leaving  his  office,  and  allowed  his  throbbing, 
weary  brain  a  deserving  rest.  Then  the  cells  of  this  brainy 
tissue  would  cease  to  be  gorged  with  blood,  and  sleep  would 
positively  follow.  Again,  there  is  a  clergyman  every  Sun- 
day beseeching  his  flock  to  obey  the  commandments  of  the 
Bible;  while  every  day,  through  carelessness,  he  is  break- 


g  HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

ing  the  laws  of  health.  If  an  all-wise  Being  gave  us  our 
bodies  as  homes  of  our  souls,  did  he  not  mean  that  we 
should  promote  the  happiness  of  the  soul  by  providing  for 
it  a  healthy  residence?  What  logic  and  strength  exist  in 
a  religion  that  does  not  countenance  such  philosophy?  The 
majority  of  mankind  admire  a  well-developed  physique. 
The  minister  wishes  and  prays  to  influence  the  masses  of 
men.  Can  he  reach  them  effectively,  can  he  point  to  him- 
self as  an  example,  can  he  sway  them  by  any  reasoning  or 
eloquence,  when  he  himself  has  a  husky  voice,  a  pallid 
face,  and  a  weakened  figure?  Indeed,  the  cowled,  decrepit 
monk  could  lead  the  world  in  the  darkness  of  the  middle 
ages ;  but  in  the  brightness  of  the  nineteenth  century  his 
scepter  is  powerless. 

Health,  Happiness  and  Longevity  seem  to  be  all  that  is 
required  for  mortal  man.  They  are  the  foundation,  the 
superstructure,  and  the  apex  respectively  of  the  great 
Pyramid  of  life.  Who  would  desire  more  than  the  pos- 
session of  perfect  health,  the  realization  of  happiness,  the 
achievement  of  ripe  old  age,  retaining  all  the  pleasurable 
attributes  of  Perfected  Manhood,  experiencing  all  these 
until  called  upon  to  surrender  this  present  house  of  clay 
for  a  more  advanced  state,  whatever  that  may  be?  Such 
degrees  of  soundness,  felicity,  and  age,  which  we  have 
mentioned,  are  within  the  reach  of  all  who  desire  them,  if 
they  will  observe  the  rules  implied  in  the  following  terms, 
arranged  in  the  order  of  their  importance:  Regularity, 
Cleanliness,  Temperance  (or  moderation),  Morality,  and 
Self-control.  It  is  safe  to  state  the  proposition  that  there  is 
not  one  in  a  thousand  of  those  induced  to  peruse  this  hum- 
ble effort,  who  will  not  claim  to  possess  one  or  more  of  the 
foregoing  virtues,  while  a  fair  minority  will  urge  that  they 
are  characterized  by  all  of  them. 

That  your  egoism,  may  not  get  the  better  of  you  in  the 
start  and  bias  you  before  reading  my  talk,  I  will  frankly 
say  that  there  is  hardly  a  person  living  to-day  who  is 
either  regular,  cleanly,  temperate,  moral,  or  self-controlled. 
It  is  a  fact  that  some  have  made  fair  efforts  in  those  lines 
of  action,  but  we  shall  attempt  to  prove  that  not  any  have 


HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY.  9 

perfected  themselves  in  a  single  attribute  above  mentioned. 
With  us,  regularity,  cleanliness,  temperance,  morality,  and 
self-control  are  so  interlaced  as  to  become  synonymous  terms, 
the  perfection  of  any  one  of  which  means  the  consumma- 
tion of  all,  while  their  master  could  laugh  at  sorrow,  pain, 
and  even  death,  for  through  long  years  they  would  pass  his 
door  and  forget  to  knock.  Just  in  proportion  as  we  ap- 
proximate these  virtues,  correspondingly  will  our  lives  be 
prolonged  and  our  happiness  intensified.  Fear  will  not 
prostrate  us  because 

"  Death  rides  on  every  passing  breeze, 
lie  lurks  in  every  flower." 

As  modifying  the  foregoing  partially,  let  us  understand, 
however,  that  it  is  possible  to  have  health  and  longevity  to 
a  wonderful  degree  without  cleanliness,  temperance,  moral- 
ity, and  self-control,  on  one  vital  consideration.  That  is, 
the  continual  exercise  of  regularity.  Here  we  have  the 
corner-stone  of  the  whole  structure  of  health,  the  cardinal 
first  law.  But  can  we  be  happy  without  the  generous  em- 
ployment of  all  these  virtues?  Obviously  and  fortunately, 
we  cannot.  Health  is  also  the  chief  desideratum  to  hap- 
piness. As  disease  creeps  through  the  physical  frame, 
as  aches  and  pains  increase  and  torment  our  bodies,  our 
doubts  supplant  faith  in  the  Source  of  all  goodness. 

After  a  quarter  of  a  century's  constant  devotion,  in  sack- 
cloth and  ashes,  as  it  were,  attempting  to  free  the  body 
from  the  shackles  of  pulmonary  consumption,  and  growing 
gradually  worse  during  the  whole  period,  the  majority  of 
devotees,  we  think,  would  begin  to  inquire,  "Are  our  pray- 
ers lacking  sincerity?  or  is  the  Source  of  goodness  at  this 
time  otherwise  occupied?  or  may  it  not  be  that  this  for 
which  I  ask,  I  must  seek  by  personal  action  ?  "  We  will  try 
this  self-helping  method ;  if  success  comes,  we  will  return  to 
the  same  altar  with  a  more  exalted  idea  of  a  higher 
Source.  Cleansed  of  our  maladies,  we  will  have  a  clearer 
tion  of  who  and  what  is  God. 


10  HEALTH,  HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 


CHAPTER  II. 

"There  is  naught  like  universal  co-operation  to  promote  uni- 
versal achievement." 

Individuals  may  seek  and  obtain  health  through  the 
agencies  already,  and  to  be,  suggested.  To  keep  in  health, 
their  neighbors  must  be  induced  or  compelled  to  adopt  the 
same  course.  This  is  not  an  absolute  law,  but  manifestly 
is  very  essential.  Supposing  your  own  house,  sidewalk, 
alley,  or  yard,  are  comparatively  immaculate,  it  will  be 
impossible  to  live  without  constant  danger  and  exposure  if 
your  friend  (or  enemy  in  this  sense)  has  an  untidy  house, 
a  dirty  sidewalk,  and  a  filthy  yard,  in  your  proximity. 
Then  how  encouraging  to  note  that  health  is  as  contagious 
as  disease.  It  even  spreads  with  greater  rapidity.  Health 
is  gladly  welcomed ;  disease  is  shunned  like  a  deadly  poi- 
son. All  over  the  world  past  and  contemporary  history 
proves  that,  once  started,  health  spreads  at  a  rate  that  dis- 
ease cannot  follow.  What  will  surely  result?  Healthful 
communities  will  make  healthful  municipalities;  healthful 
municipalities  will  end  in  commonwealths  and  nations  of 
like  character.  The  whole  earth  will  be  leavened.  From 
a  record  of  34  years  as  the  average  duration  of  human 
life,  the  thermometer  of  universal  progress  will  point  to  the 
threescore  and  ten,  or  70  years. 

If  you  were  induced  to  smile  at  the  close  of  the  last  sen- 
tence, it  shows  that  you  are  not  lost  to  all  sense  of  appreci- 
ation— but  quietly  put  on  your  sober  cap  for  a  moment  and 
read  a  few  facts  on  vital  statistics.  The  average  length  of 
life  up  to  twenty  years  ago  was  33  years,  now  it  has  reached 
about  34.8  years.  This  has  not  been  caused  by  the  whole 
world  becoming  more  healthful — indeed,  some  portions  of 
the  earth,  including  sections  of  the  United  States,  have  retro- 
graded, and  the  former  limit  of  mortality  has  been  lowered 
— but  by  the  health  of  a  number  of  organizations,  sects, 
and  individuals  who  have  increased  their  standards  of 


HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND   LONGEVITY.  \\ 

regularity,  cleanliness,  temperance,  morality,  and  self-control. 
Thus  the  average  rate  of  mortality  has  been  raised  nearly 
2%.  An  interesting  fact  which  is  new  to  the  majority  of 
persons  is  this,  that  the  whole  sect  of  Friends,  or  Quakers, 
live  an  average  of  58  years  per  individual.  In  the  thirty- 
two  years  from  1850  to  1882  they  raised  the  average  six 
years,  or  about  one  year  in  five.  With  this  ratio,  which  is 
itself  increasing,  the  plurality  of  Quakers  will  be  centena- 
rians in  less  than  two  hundred  years — in  half  that  time 
if  assisted  by  the  world  at  large.  By  the  foregoing  it  will  be 
seen  that  the  whole  organization  of  Friends  live  70$  longer 
than  the  general  age  allotted  to  mankind,  which  includes 
them  to  make  up  the  universal  rate.  Another  noticeable 
feature  in  connection  with  the  Quakers'  life  is  this,  the 
deaths  among  them  average  18  in  every  thousand;  in  the 
general  population,  22  per  thousand;  while  the  amount 
given  to  charities  per  inhabitant  in  that  sect  is  $7.78,  and 
in  the  total  population  the  average  is  81.46.  Why  this 
difference  in  longevity  to  so  marked  a  degree? 

The prohibitionitt  will  give  this  reason,  that  the  Friends 
dissipate  less;  the  religionists  will  say  they  are  more  truth- 
ful, more  godly.  While  each  of  the  aforementioned  reasons 
have  a  healthful  tendency,  there  is  a  more  scientific  con- 
clusion, for  it  is  a  well-known  fact  that  there  are  thousands 
of  cases  of  longevity  of  men  and  women  who  lack  every 
moral  principle,  and  dissipate  all  their  lives.  The  scientist* 
comes  to  our  rescue.  He  tells  us  that  the  Quaker's  life  is 
prolonged  by  his  methodical  way  of  living,  evenness  of 
temperament,  wearing  the  same  weight  of  clothing,  allowing 
nothing  to  furrow  the  brow,  regularity  of  sleeping,  drinking, 
exercising,  and  eating.  He  takes  no  food  or  drink  into  his 
stomach  above  100°  or  below  50°  Fahr.  Boiling  hot  soup 
and  frozen  ice-cream  are  unknown  in  a  Quaker  family. 
This  might  convey  the  idea  that  ice-cream  is  foresworn  by 
them.  Not  entirely  so.  They  use  the  same  good  judgment 
in  that  as  in  every  other  indulgence,  allowing  the  cream 
to  rise  in  temperature  from  10°  to  15°  above  the  freezing 
point,  to  soft  consistency,  before  it  is  taken  into  the  stomach. 
Dr.  TJfflemaim,  a  German  physician  of  authority,  draws 


12  HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

some  important  conclusions  from  his  own  experiments  and 
those  of  others.     The  rules  laid  down  are  briefly: — 

1.  That,  in  general,  a   temperature  of  food   which  ap- 
proaches that  of  the  blood  is  most  healthful. 

2.  For   quenching   the   thirst  the   best   temperature   is 
from  50°  Fahr.  to  68°  Fahr.     Americans  prefer  about  40°. 

3.  The    gulping    down  of  ice-water  or  hot  coffee,,  etc., 
means  eventually  a  stomach  damnation. 

4.  The  use  of  very  hot  and  cold  substances,  following 
or  alternating,  is  injurious  to  the  teeth. 

5.  Ingestion  of  cold  food  and  drinks  lessens  the  bodily 
temperature,  whether  it  be  normal  or  febrile. 

6.  Cold  food  and  drinks  increase  the  tendency  to  cough, 
by  causing,  reflexly,  a  congestion  of  the  bronchial  vessels. 
Hence  persons  with  bronchial  disease  ought  not  to  indulge 
in  cold  drinks. 

The  habits  of  indulgence  in  alcoholic  drinks,  tobacco, 
opium,  and  other  narcotics  or  stimulants,  have  less  to  do 
than  is  generally  supposed  with  longevity,  but  much  to  do 
with  happiness,  while  their  abuse  or  irregularity  determines 
all  for  health,  happiness,  and  longevity  combined.  Tem- 
perance men  and  moralists  will  take  issue  with  me,  and  un- 
dertake to  prove  that  any  quantity,  no  matter  how  small, 
of  either  alcohol,  tobacco,  or  opium  will  shorten  life ;  but 
the  facts  will  not  sustain  the  assertion.  It  is  the  irregular- 
ity with  which  the  body  is  treated,  either  by  outward  appli- 
cation or  bathing,  in  eating,  sleeping,  or  excess  in  all  vices. 
For  health,  a  regular  gratification  in  the  full  list  of  vices  is 
better  than  having  no  vices — such  as  are  so  termed  by  the 
world — and  being  irregular  in  everything  else.  AVhile  I  do 
not  believe  in  practising  any  form  of  vice,  yet  the  man 
who  takes  six  drinks  of  alcoholic  spirits  in  reasonable  quan- 
tities at  fixed  intervals  each  day,  smokes  six  cigars — two 
after  each  meal — chews  three  ounces  of  tobacco  with  the 
same  punctuality  every  day,  eats  his  meals  slowly  arid  at 
stated  periods,  sleeps  from  8J  to  9  hours  per  night  between 
the  same  hours,  will  outlive  the  man  who  neither  smokes, 
chews,  or  drinks,  but  does  eat  and  sleep  irregularly,  and 
lies  awake  all  night  hating  his  neighbor  for  his  immoral!- 


HEALTH.    HAPPINESS    AND  LONGEVITY.  13 

ties.  He  gets  thin  and  haggard,  followed  by  all  the  weak- 
nesses to  which  his  system  is  heir;  while  the  other  man,  with 
his  evenness  of  nature,  habits,  and  dissipations,  enjoys  health, 
becomes  fat,  and  lives  to  the  proverbial  good  old  age. 

Here,  then,  nay  reader,  we  have  the  explanation  why  a 
man  may  live  through  dissipation  all  his  life,  and  then  die 
only  by  accident  at  80  or  100  years  of  age.  A  beggar, 
miser,  or  hermit  may  by  degrees  contract  the  habit  of  filth- 
iness,  non-bathing,  scantiness  of  food  and  improper  clothing, 
with  such  regularity  that  he  will  outlive  all  his  friends  and 
relatives,  and  be  chronicled  at  his  death  as  one  of  the  cen- 
tenarians. As  an  interesting  fact,  we  state  that  in  1888  a 
beggar,  aged  84,  in  Perth,  Hungary,  tried  to  commit  suicide 
by  throwing  himself  into  the  Danube  because  he  was  no 
longer  able  to  support  his  father  and  mother,  who  were  115 
and  110  years  old  respectively!  Poisons  may  be  taken  in 
infinitesimal  doses  for  a  while,  then  increasing  by  degrees 
until  twenty  grains  of  morphia  or  strychnia  may  be  taken 
at  a  single  dose  without  immediate  injury.  There  is  at 
least  one  case  of  positive  record  in  Colusa  County,  of  this 
State. 

In  closing  this  chapter  we  wish  to  call  attention  to  a  rea- 
sonable result  of  true  system,  or  regularity.  Here  is  a 
convict  in  the  State  prison.  Before  he  was  incarcerated  his 
health  was  imperfect,  and  he  wore  a  sallow,  dejected  look ; 
but  behold  him  after  six  months  of  strict  penitentiary  dis- 
cipline; he  is  a  well  man,  fat  and  sleek — no  longer  a  semi- 
invalid.  There  are  exceptions,  but  they  are  due  to  melan- 
choly generally.  A  soldier  after  he  enlists,  unless  he  is  ex- 
posed to  the  constant  privations  of  protracted  war,  throws 
off  most  defects  in  his  physique.  You  must  know  the 
cause;  it  is  the  compulsory  regulation  of  diet  and  clothing. 
Cleanliness  and  regularity  are  forced  upon  them,  showing 
it  to  be  just  what  they  needed. 


14  HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 


CHAPTER   III. 

"Let  health  my  nerves  and  finer  fibers  brace." 

The  possession  of  health,  happiness,  and  longevity  requires 
not  so  much  a  general  literary  and  scientific  education,  as  a 
practical  knowledge  of  one's  own  self.  The  latter  will  far 
outweigh  the  other.  In  many  ways,  however,  will  these 
qualities  be  improved  by  the  former.  A  person  must  know 
what  is  regularity,  cleanliness,  and  temperance,  or  modera- 
tion. By  the  use  of  these  effective  auxiliaries,  I  have  freed 
myself  of  so  many  maladies  within  the  last  thirty  years 
that  the  average  medical  devotee  will  laugh  in  derision  and 
question  my  trustworthiness.  For  the  first  eleven  years  of 
my  life  I  had  seven  years  of  wasting  sickness.  Of  these, 
five  were  spent  in  bed.  At  the  age  of  22  I  left  a  clerkship 
in  New  York  City  to  come  to  California,  via  Cape  Horn. 
Consumption  was  strongly  seated  on  my  lungs.  In  addition 
to  this  dangerous  affliction  I  had  bronchitis,  catarrh,  con- 
stipation, piles,  periodical  rheumatism,  cataracts  on  my 
eyes,  corns  on  my  feet,  and  fever  and  ague  from  one  to 
three  months  every  year.  Surely  I  was  in  a  position  to 
sympathize  with  Job,  but  impatient,  rather  than  patient  like 
the  Biblical  hero.  I  set  myself  towards  absolute  health. 
Before  I  had  been  in  this  State  two  years,  I  gained  the 
mastery  of  the  lung  and  throat  troubles;  but  while  assist- 
ing in  putting  in  a  flume  in  Feather  Kiver,  below  Oroville, 
in  1859, 1  ruptured  myself  so  that  for  twenty-five  years  I 
wore  a  truss.  Now  I  am  entirely  rid  of  the  aforementioned 
list  of  ailments,  including  hernia. 

The  detail  of  how  I  treated  each  of  the  maladies  might 
not  interest  the  reader,  and  is  too  long  a  story  to  relate  in 
this  work.  The  principal  things  done  in  each-case,  however, 
will  be  chronicled  under  their  proper  heads  in  the  second 
part  of  this  work.  See  index.  I  do  not  now  smoke,  chew, 
nor  drink  intoxicants;  the  latter  I  did  to  a  limited  degree, 


HEALTH,    HAPPINESS  AND   LONGEVITY.  15 

and  the  former  to  excess,  for  a  number  of  years,  up  to  the 
close  of  1869.  On  the  31st  day  of  December  of  that  year — 
the  day  I  smoked  my  last  cigar — I  bought  twenty-five  cigars 
and  smoked  twenty-three  of  them.  My  cigar  bill  that  year 
averaged  $2.50  per  day,  and  ran  as  high  as  $4.00.  Having 
dissipated,  and  had  nearly  every  form  of  disease,  I  speak 
from  my  own  thorough  experience  and  not  from  that  of  any- 
one else.  Why  should  not  my  story,  then,  have  a  beneficial 
influence  ?  If  any  man  knows  how  he  can  improve  the  wel- 
fare of  his  fellows,  it  is  his  duty  to  spread  the  information. 
True  it  is  that  many  of  the  quasi  reformers,  or  informers,  are 
crunks  or  dreamers;  but  we  wish  the  fact  distinctly  under- 
stood and  appreciated  that  we  come  not  under  that  category. 
We  raise  no  false  standard;  we  send  forth  no  untried  hy- 
pothesis. There  is  a  man  in  a  New  England  State  who 
annually  lectures  on  agriculture,  writes  special  and  general 
articles  for  the  country  papers  on  the  most  improved  meth- 
ods of  farming,  appears  before  legislative  committees  as  a 
successful  tiller  of  the  soil.  But,  alas!  what  superficiality 
is  contained  in  this  man's  brain.  His  house  is  a  barn,  his 
garden  a  chicken-yard,  his  orchard  a  forest,  and  his  meadow 
a  pasture.  There  are  like  phantasmagoric  geniuses  inter- 
ested in  the  health  question.  We  simply  say,  Trust  them 
not.  Shun  them  and  their  advice  as  you  would  the  pres- 
ence and  enticings  of  a  bunco  steerer.  But  you  will  get 
impatient  to  learn  in  what  consists  cleanliness,  regularity, 
and  temperance  if  I  do  not  proceed.  Indeed,  I  think  I  can 
hear  some  of  you  say,  "  I  neither  chew,  drink,  smoke,  eat 
irregularly,  or  miss  my  stipulated  number  of  hours  in  bed; 
yet  I  have  all  manner  of  aches  and  pains,  and  many  lin- 
gering maladies."  If  such  be  the  case,  you  do  not  under- 
stand the  true  principle  and  its  practical  application  of 
cleanliness.  A  word  here  in  regard  to  bathing.  There  is 
no  doubt  we  all  should  bathe  at  least  once  a  day.  It  should 
he  done  either  at  retiring  or  rising.  If  a  warm  or  hot 
bath,  at  night;  if  cold  or  sponge  bath,  in  the  morning.  Of 
course,  if  a  person  is  not  accustomed  to  a  cold  sponge  bath, 
or  is  quite  nervous,  he  must  not  attempt  it  too  strongly 
at  first.  Commence  and  advance  by  gradation.  Almost 


IQ  HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND   LONGEVITY. 

anything  can  be  done  to  which  an  individual  is  unaccus- 
tomed if  regular  steps  are  taken  towards  the  end,  and  not 
one  leap.  Whether  it  be  beneficial  or  destructive,  invig- 
orating or  poisoning,  gradation  will  accomplish  the  end. 

Madame  Patti,  who  always  has  been  obliged  to  take  the 
greatest  care  of  herself,  gives  this  warning,  which  may  not 
be  out  of  place :  "  Take  plenty  of  exercise,  take  it  in  the 
open  air,  take  it  alone,  and  breathe  with  the  mouth  closed. 
Live  on  simple  food ;  all  the  fruit  and  rare  beef  you  want, 
very  little  pastry,  a  glass  of  claret  for  dinner,  coffee  in  mod- 
eration, but  never  a  sip  of  beer,  because  it  thickens  the 
voice  and  stupefies  the  senses.  Keep  regular  hours  for 
work,  meals,  rest,  and  recreation,  and  never  under  any  cir- 
cumstances indulge  in  the  fashionable  habit  of  eating  late 
suppers.  If  you  want  to  preserve  the  beauty  of  face,  and 
the  priceless  beauty  of  youth,  keep  well,  keep  clean,  keep 
erect,  and  keep  cool."  Without  being  didactic,  let  me  de- 
tail to  you  a  few  things  you  should  and  should  not  do;  and 
all  of  which  I  carry  out  to  the  letter : — 

Adopt  some  style  of  clothing  so  that  even  if  you  change 
the  color  the  weight  will  be  about  the  same. 

Wear  no  overcoat,  overshoes,  nor  gloves;  in  their  place 
wear  a  sufficiently  heavy  suit  when  it  is  warm,  so  as  to 
have  enough  on  when  it  is  cold.  By  wearing  a  chest  pro- 
tector fore  and  aft  of  the  lungs,  made  of  chamois  and  flan- 
nel, over  the  under-garment  and  under  the  shirt,  you  will 
never  take  cold  through  your  lungs. 

Have  good,  thick-soled  boots — and  always  of  the  same 
thickness — and  you  will  not  take  cold  through  your  feet. 

Have  a  hat  always  of  the  same  weight,  and  that  should 
be  light,  with  ventilators  in  the  top  or  sides.  If  you  do 
not  wear  your  hat  at  the  lunch  table,  or  in  your  place  of 
business,  you  will  not  catch  cold  in  your  head. 

A  large  list  of  accessories  accompany  the  above : — 

Never  sit  at  your  desk  or  home  fireside  with  the  same 
coat  which  you  use  on  the  street.  In  its  place  have  one 
50  per  cent  lighter  for  such  occasions  and  positions. 

Never  sleep  in  your  wider-garments,  nor  in  any  other 
clothing  that  you  carry  during  the  day.  The  reason  is 


HEALTH.  HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

strong  and  obvious.  Your  covering  in  the  course  of  the 
day  receives  all  the  perspiration  and  surface  deposit  of  the 
skin,  which  amounts  to  considerable  in  sixteen  hours. 
This  must  have  a  chance  to  escape  or  be  absorbed  by  the  air. 
The  amount  is  only  increased  by  wearing  the  same  gar- 
ments at  night.  Have  a  good  warm  mgkt-tMrt,  and  a 
clean  one  at  least  every  week. 

Do  not  sleep  in  a  room  without  having  the  windows 
down  from  the  top  to  some  extent.  If  there  be  six,  lower 
three  of  them. 

If  you  sleep  with  a  companion  and  do  not  know  any- 
thing  about  am'nm/  magnetism,  find  out  through  someone 
who  does  know.  Ascertain  which  of  you  is  more  positive, 
and  govern  yourself  accordingly.  I  find  best  results  for 
me  in  sleeping  with  my  head  north,  and  on  the  west  side  of 
a  negative  companion.  This  principle  of  magnetism  is  too 
little  observed.  Yet  it  applies  to  all  persons  at  all  times. 
Naturally  some  individuals  are  more  magnetic  than  others, 
that  is,  more  positive.  Usually,  if  not  always,  the  more 
masculine,  swarthy,  is  the  more  positive,  while  the  light- 
haired  and  eyed  are  negative.  Sleep  invariably  with  your 
head  towards  the  north  if  you  are  positive,  towards  the  west 
if  you  are  negative,  but  never  in  any  case  towards  the  east 
or  south. 

These  conclusions  are  based  wholly  on  scientific  reasons, 
and  anyone  who  understands  physics  will  see  the  cogency 
of  our  statements. 

As  a  preventative  against  anything  that  has  once  been 
in  my  stomach  rising  and  remaining  on  the  tongue,  I  use  a 
piece  of  ordinary  whalebone  to  curry  it  every  morning, 
from  end  to  end.  This  will  tend  to  purify  the  breath, 
sweeten  the  mouth,  and  aid  mastication. 

My  tooth  brush,  after  using,  is  so  thoroughly  cleansed 
and  dried  that  anyone  acquainted  with  the  facts  would 
hardly  believe  it  had  been  used. 

There  are  millions  of  particles  of  dust,  atoms,  microbes,  or 
any  other  name  you  may  use,  that  collect  upon  your  per- 
son and  clothing  hourly.  If  your  garments  be  tattered  and 
torn,  or  patched  and  gla/cd,  this  will  not  shorten  your  life 
2 


jg  HEALTH,    HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

or  lessen  your  appetite;  but  I  assure  you,  if  you  will  use  up 
a  15-cent  whisk-broom  twice  a  year,  in  brushing  yourself 
from  head  to  foot  before  each  meal,  there  will  be  less  to  fall 
upon  your  food,  and  thus  find  its  way  to  your  stomach,  and 
your  days  will  be  prolonged  in  exact  ratio. 


CHAPTER   IV. 

"  On  life's  vast  ocean  diversely  we  sail, 
Reason  the  card,  but  passion  is  the  gale." 

There  are  more  diseases  contracted,  more  unhappiness 
created  during  life,  and  early  decay  occasioned,  by  politeness 
and  pride  than  by  whisky  and  tobacco  combined.  Total- 
abstinence  advocates  will  assert  that  drink  kills  more  than 
all  other  causes.  What  would  they  think  if  we  should 
say,  if  he  is  a  reformed  drinker,  that  it  was  out  of  pure 
politeness  that  he  quaffed  his  first  glass. 

Politeness  is  the  cause  of  disease  in  many  ways,  of  which 
the  following  are  a  few : — 

A  friend — only  in  name — will  stop  you  in  the  first 
corner  of  the  street  and  insist  on  telling  you  a  good(?)  joke 
about  Brown,  Smith,  or  Jones.  He  takes  you  by  the  la- 
pels of  the  coat,  holds  you  to  windward  for  twenty  minutes 
in  a  breeze  blowing  twenty-five  miles  an  hour,  although 
this  lays  you  up  with  a  cold  for  a  week,  and  thus  plants 
the  first  seeds  of  consumption.  You  will  be  too  polite  to  tell 
him  that  your  health  will  not  permit  you  to  be  so  exposed. 
As  a  remedy  for  this  class  of  attacks,  if  a  man  insists  on 
saying  anything  more  than  "How  do  you  do"  or  "Good- 
bye," I  should  invite  him  into  the  nearest  hall-way  or 
around  the  corner  to  leeward,  entirely  out  of  the  draft.  If 
this  does  not  seem  feasible,  I  would  bid  him  "  Good-day." 

Another  case  of  excessive  politeness  is  when  a  gentleman 
or  lady  continues  chatting  ten  minutes  in  the  hall  after  he  or 
she  must  go  immediately.  Then  at  the  door  after  they  have 
walked  out,  you,  in  dressing-gown  and  slippers,  stand  on 
the  cold  marble  step  in  a  driving  fog  for  twenty  minutes 


HEALTH,    HAPPINESS  AND   LONGEVITY.  19 

more,  to  hear  the  latest  gossip — too  polite  to  slam  the  door 
in  their  faces,  or  excuse  it  as  an  accident. 

But  the  politeness  that  kills  faster  than  any  other  is  that 
of  the  consumptive,  brouchially-affected,  or  catarrhal  pa- 
tient. He  will  sit  at  the  table,  or  in  company,  and,  out  of 
pure  politeness,  swallow  the  mucus  and  other  impurities 
that  arise  in  his  throat — too  polite  to  use  a  cuspidor  or  ex- 
cuse himself  by  withdrawing  to  another  room  or  the  open 
air,  and  clear  his  throat.  A  great  many  people  are  accus- 
tomed to  expectorate  into  their  handkerchiefs.  This  is  a 
baneful  practice.  Just  as  soon  as  that  gets  dry  which  they 
have  thrown  up  from  their  lungs,  innumerable  microbes  of 
deadly  effect  escape  and  do  extensive  harm.  Avoid  this 
habit  and  use  the  cuspidor  or  step  out-of-doors.  It  is  not 
unreasonable  to  believe  that  50  per  cent  of  all  the  con- 
sumptives would  recover  if  they  would,  by  care  and  clean- 
liness, see  that  no  particle  of  mucus  once  away  from  the 
lungs  should  ever  go  back  down  the  throat,  and  observe 
other  points  regarding  apparel  and  cleanliness  mentioned 
in  the  first  part  of  this  work. 

We  have  already  devoted  some  space  to  what  we  should 
and  should  not  do.  All  that,  however,  is  but  a  small  part 
of  a  life  which  will  continually  experience  health,  happi- 
ness, and  longevity.  We  trust  you  do  not  simply  read 
these  statements  not  intending  to  test  their  value.  It  is  not 
unlikely  that  many  of  you  from  your  course  or  line  of 
business  will  find  it  eminently  difficult  to  absolutely  follow 
our  instructions.  Be  that  as  it  may,  come  as  approximately 
as  you  can,  and  there  will  positively  result  an  improvement 
in  your  physical  condition,  a  progression  in  your  happiness, 
and  a  realization  of  longevity.  The  remainder  of  this 
chapter  will  be  occupied  by  a  program,  or  rather  set  of  for- 
mula of  what  is  necessary  to  aid  you  in  keeping  well,  living 
long  and  happily. 

Keep  your  bowels  open  and  regular  in  action.  This  you 
can  do,  if  irregular  or  constipated,  by  taking  a  few  drops  of 
water  in  your  right  hand  every  morning  and  rubbing  the 
bowels  in  a  circular  motion  from  right  to  left,  until  a  friction 
is  produced  and  the  moisture  gone.  From  six  to  ten  eepa- 


20  HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND   LONGEVITY. 

rate  passages  of  the  hand  over  the  bowels  is  usually  sufficient, 
and  the  object  will  be  accomplished.  Each  day  this  is  re- 
peated; in  a  very  short  time  you  will  be  all  right  in  this 
particular,  and  will  not  require  even  this  effective  medicine. 
You  must  be  aware  that  a  score  of  maladies  are  kept  at  bay 
by  the  regularity  of  the  bowels.  This  fact  cannot  be  too 
strongly  impressed  on  mankind  in  general.  It  is  very  sel- 
dom indeed  that  you  come  upon  a  man  who  is  well  with  a 
bad  digestive  apparatus ;  but,  again,  he  who  possesses  a 
strong  stomach  and  is  moderate  and  regular  in  eating  is  al- 
most invariably  characterized  with  a  vigorous  constitution. 
Disease  finds  no  place  to  locate  upon  or  in  him.  There  is 
no  doubt  the  American  people  eat  too  fast,  and  that  is  why 
so  many  die  so  soon.  The  system  is  worn  out  when  it 
should  be  ready  to  do  its  best  work.  If  all  the  men  and 
women  in  this  country  would  eat  50$  slower  they  would 
live  25$  longer.  Of  this  we  have  no  doubt — Bor  do  you, 
reader. 

Sleep  eight  hours  every  night,  between  the  same  hours, 
as  nearly  as  possible,  in  a  room  well  ventilated  from  the  top 
of  the  window.  If  your  room  is  small  you  will  require 
more  ventilation  than  if  it  is  large ;  in  this  case  use  more 
clothing  on  the  bed.  If  possible  have  a  bowl  or  basin  of 
water  uncovered  in  the  room,  but  the  next  morning  do  not 
either  drink  or  wash  your  face  in  the  water  that  has  stood 
exposed  all  night.  To  drink  it  is  slow  suicide;  to  wash  in 
it  is  unhealthy. 

In  the  morning  scrape  the  tongue  with  a  strip  of  whale- 
bone, as  before  mentioned;  brush  the  teeth  with  a  good 
stiff  clean  tooth-brush,  up  and  down,  but  not  across;  note 
this  latter  proposition,  there  is  reason  for  it.  By  perpen- 
dicular brushing  the  bristles  or  hairs  get  in  between  the 
teeth,  where  much  sediment  is  left,  and  the  gums  are  not 
made  sore.  This  is  the  best  method  also  to  prevent  tartar 
forming.  Gargle  the  throat  with  clean  water  three  or  four 
times;  then,  if  you  have  it  at  hand,  drink  about  three  swal- 
lows of  cool  filtered  water;  if  not  near  go  thirsty  until  it  is. 
Never  take  a  drink  of  water,  whether  you  be  sick  or  well, 
without  first  gargling  the  throat  with  at  least  one  swallow 


HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AXD  LONGEVITY.  21 

and  spitting  it  out.  Do  you  think  filtering  of  reservoir  or 
general  city  water  is  necessary?  If  not,  then  make  a  mi- 
croscopic examination,  and  any  skepticism  will  be  entirely 
removed.  It  is  a  prominent  fact  in  science  to-day  that  al- 
most all  diseases  and  troubles  are  started  or  promulgated  by 
microbes  and  bacilli.  There  are  often  enough  of  these  in 
one  swallow  of  water  to  poison  a  whole  family.  Then  take 
a  moist  towel  and  apply  it  to  every  part  of  your  body;  fol- 
low this  with  a  vigorous  rubbing  with  a  dry  towel.  A 
sponge  bath  is  recommended  by  many  physicians.  This  is 
all  right  for  the  first  time,  but  from  that  on  the  sponge  be- 
gins to  get  foul,  not  from  necessity,  but  because  not  one 
person  in  fifty  will  wash  and  thoroughly  dry  the  sponge. 
In  any  other  case  it  is  a  disease  breeder.  Perforated  with 
so  many  cells  and  passages,  intricate  and  numberless,  it  is 
not  surprising  that  it  should  be  the  residence  of  much  that 
is  dangerous. 

During  the  time  of  your  bath  you  should  close  the  win- 
dows of  your  room  to  exclude  the  cold  draughts — in  any 
part  of  the  country  where  the  atmosphere  moves  over  two 
miles  per  hour — but  not  the  sun.  After  this  lower  or  raise 
your  window  to  the  height  or  level  of  the  eyes,  and  proceed 
to  enjoy  a  breathing  exercise.  This  is  done  by  first  ex- 
hausting all  the  air  from  the  lungs  through  the  mouth, 
then  inhale,  slowly,  through  the  nasal  organs  to  the  full 
capacity  of  the  lungs.  Do  this  three  times  or  more  each 
morning.  If  your  lungs  are  not  too  weak,  tap  with  your 
fingers  on  your  chest  while  it  is  inflated.  This  will  tend 
to  develop  your  capacity  of  breathing  wonderfully.  The 
gentle  percussion  thus  effected  is  quite  exhilarating.  Prac- 
tice yourself  also  in  holding  your  breath  for  a  prolonged  in- 
terval, but  always  draw  in  air  through  your  nostrils;  they 
strain  out  all  impurities, 

You  are  now  ready  for  your  breakfast;  but,  perhaps 
you  say,  I  am  a  workingman  and  have  not  the  time.  To 
such  I  would  reply :  I  go  through  all  these  duties  in  one 
hour's  time,  and  if  belated  I  accomplish  it  in  forty  minutes. 
If  I  have  to  take  a  train  at  5  A.  M.,  I  sec  that  I  am  called 
at  4  A.  M.,  at  least,  and  enjoy  my  regular  time  for  toilet.  I 


22  HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

would  advise  those  of  you  who  think  you  have  not  time,  to 
go  to  bed  that  much  earlier.  Even  if  you  are  to  travel,  by 
using  my  method  of  preparation  you  will  not  experience 
that  tired,  disagreeable,  restless  feeling  that  will  otherwise 
come.  You  all  know  how  intensely  that  feeling  acts  to  de- 
stroy all  your  pleasure  until  the  day  is  half  over  and  it  is 
worn  away.  Employ  common-sense  ways  and  you  will  be 
as  fresh  at  6  as  at  12  o'clock.  Your  lips  will  not  be  blue, 
your  skin  cold,  your  teeth  unclean,  your  mouth  dry,  your 
eyes  red,  and  your  whole  self  out  of  sorts  as  it  were. 


CHAPTER  V. 

"  Of  right  choice  food  are  his  meals,  I  ween." 

Now  as  to  what  you  should  eat,  what  you  should  not  eat, 
and  how  you  should  eat.  This  is  perhaps  the  greatest 
problem  for  a  man  to  solve.  A  man  with  a  bad  digestive 
apparatus  is  practically  an  invalid.  We  have  no  hesitation 
in  saying  that  there  is  as  much  bodily  injury  done  by  over 
and  careless  eating  among  people  commonly  called  temper- 
ate as  among  those  who  drink  alcoholic  liquors  to  a  large 
extent.  If  you  would  preserve  your  vital  strength  and 
capabilities  for  a  happy,  long  period,  mind  your  diet. 
Don't  rest  too  much  on  the  insane  idea  that  you  have  a 
stomach  of  iron  and  that  you  can  digest  shingle  nails.  You 
are  not  a  species  of  the  genus  ostrich,  or  goat.  Then  if 
you  really  do  possess  organs  that  can  take  care  of  all  kinds 
of  food,  their  splendid  power  should  not  be  destroyed  or  even 
weakened  by  improper  indulgence.  The  mightiest  engine 
is  soon  as  valueless  as  old  iron  if  it  is  continually  exerted  to 
its  greatest  velocity  If  inanimate  mechanism  cannot  stand 
a  permanent  strain  surely  bodily  flesh  would  be  quickly 
disabled. 

Some  foods  are  particularly  muscle  formers,  others  pro- 
duce fat,  and  still  others  brain  and  nerve,  while  most  of  the 
common  articles  of  diet  combine  these  uses  in  varying  de- 
grees. 


HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY.  23 

But  the  question  to  cover  our  entire  physical  needs  re- 
quires to  be  broadened  into  this:  "NVluit  combination  of 
food  will  best  nourish  the  body?  Even  then  the  answer 
must  be  modified  to  suit  individual  cases,  for  the  digest- 
ive power  diners  greatly  in  different  persons.  Moreover, 
there  is  an  interdependence  between  the  different  bodily  or- 
gans and  tissues,  so  that  the  body  must  be  built  up  as  a 
whole.  If  one  part  lacks  the  whole  suffers,  and  if  one  part 
is  overfed  the  others  will  be  underfed. 

Thus  a  person  who  becomes  unduly  fat  loses  in  muscular 
fiber,  either  in  quantity  or  quality.  One  who  overfeeds  the 
brain  lusrs  in  muscular  strength.  So,  too,  muscular  devel- 
opment may  be  carried  to  such  excess  as  to  impoverish  the 
brain,  and  also  to  reduce  the  fat  of  the  body  below  what  is 
necessary  both  as  surplus  food  laid  up  for  emergencies,  and 
as  a  protection  against  sudden  changes  of  temperature. 

The  best  food  for  producing  muscle,  therefore,  must, 
while  being  duly  appetizing,  contain  a  large  per  cent  of 
nitrates  for  the  muscles,  of  phosphates  for  the  brain  and 
nerves,  and  of  carbonates  for  the  fat. 

Of  nitrates,  beans  stand  at  24  per  cent,  then  peas  at  22, 
cabbage  and  salmon  at  20,  oats  at  17,  eggs  and  veal  at  16, 
and  beef  at  15 

Of  phosphates,  salmon  stands  first  at  7,  then  codfish  at  6, 
beef  and  eggs  at  5,  beans  and  veal  at  4,  and  cabbage,  peas, 
and  oats  at  3. 

Of  carbonates,  butter  stands  at  the  head  at  100,  rice  at 
80,  corn  and  rye  at  72,  wheat  at  69,  oats  at  66,  peas  at  60, 
beans  at  57,  and  cabbage  at  46. 

Fresh  codfish  fried  in  fat  or  served  with  butter  gravy 
about  equals  beef  in  all  respects,  and  so  do  eggs  fried  in  fat. 
But  we  must  add: — 

The  mere  eating  of  food  cannot  make  muscle.  The  mus- 
cles must  be  called  into  vigorous  daily  exercise,  yet  without 
overdoing. 

Excessive  eating  is  weakening,  and  must  be  avoided.  It 
is  the  amount  digested  and  assimilated  that  tells,  not  the 
quantity  taken  into  the  stomach. 

All  the  laws  of  health  must  be  steadily  observed.     We 


24  HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

are  in  favor  of  a  diet  that  excludes  meat  entirely;  and 
once  a  day  should  be  the  excess  of  those  who  indulge  in  the 
flesh-eating  luxury.  A  suspicion  that  there  is  a  difference 
between  merely  getting  food  down  into  the  stomach  and  its 
digestion,  is  abroad,  and  that  a  peach,  an  orange,  an  apple, 
a  spoonful  of  flour,  or  something  similar,  which  is  digested, 
is  really  better  for  a  man  than  a  beefsteak,  which  simply 
passes  through  the  alimentary  canal.  See  u  Food "  for 
further  consideration  of  vegetarianism. 

For  breakfast  have  any  of  the  numerous  preparations  of 
mush,  such  as  oatmeal,  cracked  wheat,  and  gerrnea, 
every  other  day  some  kind  of  fish ;  of  the  miscellaneous, 
potatoes  baked  or  boiled,  eggs  poached,  boiled,  or  omelette, 
and  natural  fruit ;  of  drinks,  water,  filtered  or  boiled,  and 
not  below  56°  Fahr.,  milk,  pure  and  sweet  but  not  cream, 
cocoa,  chocolate,  tea,  or  coffee.  These  are  good  and  bene- 
ficial in  the  order  they  are  placed.  The  following  from  the 
N.  Y.  Medical  Record  is  invaluable  information : — 

"  STIMULANTS  (drink  most  healthful). — Milk  heated  to 
much  above  100  degrees  Fahrenheit  loses  for  a  time  a  degree 
of  its  sweetness  and  density.  No  one  who,  fatigued  by  over- 
exertion  of  body  or  mind,  has  ever  experienced  the  reviv- 
ing influence  of  a  tumbler  of  this  beverage,  heated  as  warm 
as  it  can  be  sipped,  will  willingly  forego  a  resort  to  it  because 
of  its  being  rendered  somewhat  less  acceptable  to  the  palate. 
The  promptness  with  which  its  cordial  influence  is  felt  is  in- 
deed surprising.  Some  portion  of  it  seems  to  be  digested 
and  appropriated  almost  immediately,  and  many  who  now 
fancy  they  need  alcoholic  stimulants  when  exhausted  by 
fatigue  will  find  in  this  simple  draught  an  equivalent 
that  will  be  abundantly  satisfying  and  far  more  enduring  in 
its  effects.  There  is  many  an  ignorant  overworked  woman 
who  fancies  she  could  not  keep  up  without  her  beer ;  she 
mistakes  its  momentary  exhilaration  for  strength,  and  ap- 
plies the  whip  instead  of  nourishment  to  her  poor,  exhausted 
frame.  Any  honest,  intelligent  physician  will  tell  her  that 
there  is  more  real  strength  and  nourishment  in  a  slice  of 
bread  than  in  a  quart  of  beer;  but  if  she  loves  stimulants 
it  would  be  a  very  useless  piece  of  information.  It  is 


HEALTH,    HAPPINESS  AND   LONGEVITY.  25 

claimed  that  some  of  the  lady  clerks  in  our  own  city,  and 
those  too  who  are  employed  in  respectable  business  bouses, 
are  in  the  habit  of  ordering  ale  or  beer  at  the  restaurants. 
They  probably  claim  that  they  are  *  tired/  and  no  one 
who  se-js  their  faithful  devotion  to  customers  all  day  will 
doubt  their  assertions.  But  they  should  not  mistake  beer 
for  a  blessing  or  stimulus  for  strength.  A  careful  exami- 
nation of  statistics  will  prove  that  men  and  women  who  do 
not  drink  can  endure  more  hardships,  and  do  more  work, 
and  live  longer,  than  those  less  temperate." 

If  you  must  eat  meat  for  breakfast,  have  your  steak  rare, 
mutton  chops  well  done  ;  if  fish,  always  well  done ;  and  if 
each  are  fried,  use  butter,  not  lard — the  same  applies  to 
everything  else  that  has  to  be  fried.  All  meats  are 
sweeter  and  more  healthful  broiled  than  fried.  Of  bread, 
for  health,  natural  graham  comes  first;  and,  in  order  of  nu- 
trition, corn,  corn  and  wheat  mixed,  rye,  and  wheat. 
They  should  be  taken  cold  and  at  least  twenty-four  hours 
after  baking.  If  the  midday  meal  is  a  lunch,  all  dishes 
should  be  cold.  It  can  be  made  up  largely  from  dishes  left 
over  from  the  morning  meal,  such  as  cold  cracked  wheat 
with  milk,  natural  fruit;  add  nuts,  sauces,  jellies,  and  pre- 
pared fruit. 

If  dinner  is  taken  at  noon  instead  of  lunch  at  that  hour, 
any  one  of  the  score  of  vegetable  soups  are  first  in  value; 
all  other  kinds  are  secondary  ;  let  there  be  from  three  to  six 
kinds  of  vegetables  cooked ;  any  of  the  drinks  mentioned 
for  breakfast  may  be  used,  but  none  of  them  iced ;  cold 
bread,  and  no  pastry  unless  an  open  pie  with  unshortened 
undercrust.  An  excellent  morsel  for  dyspeptics  is  sea  bis- 
cuit dipped  in  cold  water  and  then  placed  in  a  hot  oven 
from  three  to  five  minutes.  If  meat  is  to  be  a  portion  of 
tliis  meal,  you  can  have  beef,  mutton,  or  venison,  roasted  or 
broiled,  the  former  rare,  and  the  two  latter  well  done.  Pro 
vided  dinner  is  enjoyed  at  the  close  of  the  day,  it  should 
occur  before  5:30  P.  M.  ;  if  at  midday,  then  the  lunch  meal 
can  be  renamed  supper,  and  can  be  partaken  of  as  late  as 
6  or  7  p.  M.  Let  there  be  no  eating  two  meals  for  Sun- 
days and  holidays,  and  three  for  other  days,  or  indulging 


26  HEALTH,  HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

in  them  at  later  hours  in  the  morning  and  earlier  in  the 
evening;  for  this  irregularity  will  detriment  more  than 
many  kinds  of  improper  food. 

Do  not  eat  fresh  pork,  for  this  and  every  other  kind  of 
swine  flesh  is  an  abomination.  Eat  no  kidney,  liver,  or 
tripe;  deal  sparingly  with  fowl  and  all  the  bird  family. 
Outside  impure  water  and  uucleanliness,  there  can  be  but 
one  cause  for  skin  diseases,  eczema,  boils,  and  the  dread 
leprosy,  which  is  the  eating  of  pork,  kidney,  liver,  duck,  etc. 
If  the  lion  indiscriminately  kills  and  eats  all  kinds  of  flesh, 
and  thereby  is  made  ferocious,  if  the  lamb  is  rendered  pas- 
sive and  inoffensive  by  grasses  and  grains,  then  what  the 
swine  or  different  domestic  fowls  eat  must  have  something 
to  do  with  the  make-up  of  the  flesh  of  their  bodies.  The 
hog  is  the  most  filthy  animal  of  that  nature,  while  chicken 
and  duck  are  the  most  so  in  the  line  of  fowls  used  by  man 
for  food.  It  is  offensive  but  true  that  they  will  not  only  eat 
but  relish  both  their  own  and  man's  excrement. 

We  cannot  use  space  foolishly,  if  we  show  plainly  why 
pork  should  be  abandoned.  Did  you  ever  stop  to  think  on 
what  most  swine  live  ?  Swill  is  the  most  common  term  for 
it.  Anything  and  everything  that  is  the  refuse  of  a  board- 
ing-house will  they  eagerly  devour.  Give  them  rotten  ap- 
ples and  potatoes,  full  of  innumerable  microbes,  and  they 
will  relish  the  repast.  Place  them  in  a  dung  heap — they 
will  root,  and  eat  much  of  what  they  find.  Now  all  meat, 
all  flesh  and  tissue,  is  made  from  what  an  animal  or  person 
eats — if  he  doesn't  eat  he  grows  thin  and  starves.  Then 
the  hog's  flesh  is  made  from  elements  derived  from  swill, 
decayed  substances,  and  everything  either  cooked,  uncooked, 
or  even  digested,  that  man  is  through  with  or  has  cast  off. 
You  who  eat  pork  relish  that  which  once  you  have  refused  to 
eat — only  in  another  form.  Can  you  enjoy  this  meat  when 
you  consider  all  this  ?  Surely  its  use  means  bad  health 
and  contamination.  Skin  diseases  and  poor  complexions  are 
found  almost  entirely  among  those  who  live  on  these  im- 
proper foods.  Again,  even  if  you  feed  swine  on  clean  corn, 
milk,  and  water,  we  ascertain  by  careful  experiment  and 
examination  that  pork  is  most  susceptible  to  bacteria  of 


HEALTH,    HAPPINESS  AND   LONGEVITY.  27 

almost  any  meat.  Better  boycott  it  altogether.  Leprn*i/ 
and  skin  troubles  are  found  largely  among  pork-eating 
people — such  as  the  inhabitants  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands, 
where  there  are  749  lepers.  On  the  other  hand,  Jews,  who 
everywhere  are  marked  with  clear  skins,  avoid  pork.  In 
Constantinople  there  are  250  lepers,  in  Crete  upwards  of 
3,000,  and  quantities  in  the  islands  of  eastern  Mediterra- 
nean Sea,  and  1,000  in  Norway.  These  places  are  all 
characterized  by  the  great  amount  of  pork,  and  duck  too, 
that  they  consume. 

Other  things  not  good  for  invalids,  and  will  make 
strong  persons  invalids,  arc:  Fried  potatoes, hot  cakes,  warm 
bread,  pound  cake,  green  cucumbers,  and  rich  pie-crust. 
Ent  only  those  things  that  will  excite  the  salivary  glands 
to  assist  digestion.  The  walls,  not  the  center  of  the  aliment- 
ary canal,  need  attention. 

Have  your  soup  cool  enough  so  that  it  will  not  cause 
tears  in  your  eyes  when  you  swallow — same  with  your 
coffee,  tea/, and  other  warm  drinks;  take  no  ice  drinks;  if 
you  are  used  to  having  water  only  with  your  meals,  drink 
it  warm  with  sugar  and  milk,  and  not  hot.  If  you  are 
obliged  to  live  in  a  second-class  boarding-house  or  restau- 
rant, and  are  obliged  to  take  one  of  three  meals  each  day  at 
such  a  place,  insist  on  having  a  napkin.  Use  it  first  to 
wipe  your  glass  for  water,  then  follow  by  polishing  every 
utensil  set  before  you  for  use  at  your  meal.  If  note  is 
taken  of  the  napkin  before  and  after  each  meal,  you  will  be 
able  by  a  mathematical  calculation  to  tell  just  how  much 
real  estate  did  not  belong  to  you. 

How  you  should  eat :  Begin  with  one  swallow  of  cool 
water.  Eat  slowly;  take  full  20  minutes  for  a  hurried 
meal,  and  45  minutes  when  you  have  the  time.  If  you  eat 
beefsteak,  have  it  rare;  if  mutton  chops,  have  them  well 
done ;  if  fish,  well  done  and  brown  ;  if  potatoes,  first  choice, 
baked;  second,  boiled;  third,  stewed  or  mashed.  Never  eat 
decayed  vegetables  or  fruit ;  have  them  fresh  or  do  with- 
out them.  At  table,  see  that  the  conversation  is  pleasant 
and  mirthful.  Should  any  of  the  younger  members  of  the 
family  insist,  at  each  meal,  in  changing  this  order  of  things, 


28  HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

cause  them  for  a  short  season  to  sit  at  a  separate  table  in 
the  kitchen,  until  this  sort  of  disease — for  disease  it  is — 
may  be  cured.  Nothing  retards  digestion,  brings  dyspep- 
sia, or  creates  neuralgia,  to  such  extent  as  a  sullen  dis- 
position. We  will  end  this  chapter  with  a  remarkably 
bright  paraphrase  on  the  ten  commandments,  which  we  re- 
cently ran  across: — 

THE  TEN  HEALTH  COMMANDMENTS. 

"  1.  Thou  shalt  have  no  other  food  than  at  meal-time. 

"  2.  Thou  shalt  not  make  unto  thee  any  pies,  or  put  into 
pastry  the  likenessjof  anything  that  is  in  the  heavens  above 
or  in  the  waters  under  the  earth.  Thou  shalt  not  fall  to 
eating  it  or  trying  to  digest  it.  For  the  dyspepsia  will  be 
visited  upon  the  children  to  the  third  and  fourth  genera- 
tion of  them  that  eat  pie ;  and  long  life  and  vigor  upon 
those  that  live  prudently  and  keep  the  laws  of  health. 

"3.  Remember  thy  bread  to  bake  it  well;  for  he  will  not 
be  kept  sound  that  eateth  his  bread  as  dough. 

"  4.  Thou  shalt  not  indulge  sorrow  or  borrow  anxiety  in 
vain. 

"  5.  Six  day?  shalt  thou  wash  and  keep  thyself  clean, 
and  the  seventh  thou  shalt  take  a  great  bath  •  thou,  and  thy 
son,  and  thy  daughter,  and  thy  man-servant,  and  thy  maid- 
ser^ant,  and  the  stranger  that  is  within  thy>  gates.  For  in 
six  d?ys  man  sweats  and  gathers  filth  and  bacteria  enough 
for  disease ;  wherefore  the  Lord  has  blessed  the  bath-tub 
and  hallowed  it. 

"  6.  Reraembei  thy  sitting-room  and  bed-chamber  to 
keep  them  ventilated,  that  thy  days  may  be  long  in  the 
land  which  the  Lord  thy  God  giveth  thee. 

"  7.  Thou  shalt  not  eat  hot  biscuit. 

"  8.  Thou  shalt  not  eat  thy  meat  fried. 

"9.  Thou  shalt  not  swallow  thy  food  un chewed,  or 
highly  spiced,  or  just  before  hard  work,  or  just  after  it. 

"10.  Thou  shalt  not  keep  late  hours  in  thy  neighbor's 
house,  nor  with  thy  neighbor's  wife,  nor  his  man-servant, 
nor  his  maid-servant,  nor  his  cards,  nor  his  glass,  nor  with 
anything  that  is  thy  neighbor's." — New  England  Farmer. 


HEALTH,    HAPPINESS  AND   LONGEVITY.  29 

With  the  use  of  the  foregoing  as  a  guide,  and  ordinary 
judgment  in  the  affairs  with  your  fellow  men,  life  will  run 
smoothly,  happiness  will  follow,  and  along  life  be  the  result. 


CHAPTER    VI. 

"  Let  fhe  jewel  of  happiness  poise  in  the  setting  of  health." 

If  you  are  a  reader  of  this  work  to  find  out  a  cure  for 
consumption,  catarrh,  bronchitis,  constipation,  hemorrhoids 
or  piles,  hernia  or  rupture,  rheumatism,  fever  and  ague, 
cataracts  on  the  eyes,  warts  on  the  hands,  corns  on  the  feet, 
and  how  to  abstain  from  drink  and  tobacco  in  all  injurious 
forms,  we  will  try  and  not  disappoint  you.  Under  the 
head  of  each  disease  above  named,  see  index  and  second 
part.  We  offer  you  a  remedy.  All  of  these  troubles  I  have 
had  (and  a  score  not  mentioned),  of  the  entire  list  of  which 
/  am  now  free  completely.  In  short,  the  whole  number 
of  diseases  that  beset  the  human  family  can  be  cured  by 
care,  cleanliness,  regularity,  fresh  air,  cold  water  used  inter- 
nally, and  by  compress,  proper  clothing,  right  food,  regular 
exercise,  an  even  disposition,  a  clear  conscience,  intelligent 
and  agreeable  associates,  and  a  reasonable  amount  of  time. 

It  took  me  30  years,  25  of  which  I  spent  ascertaining 
the  way.  If  someone  could  have  informed  ine,  as  this  book 
does  you,  I  would  have  enjoyed  full  health  twenty-five  years 
earlier  than  I  did.  Anyone  observing  the  rules  I  have  re- 
counted can  restore  a  broken-down  constitution  in  less  than 
5  years — yes,  even  if  one  foot  is  already  in  the  grave! 
Soon  you  will  begin  to  lift  it  out,  and  it  will  be  a  long 
period  before  you  will  take  that  step  again.  I  do  not  ex- 
aggerate when  I  state  that  I  had  both  feet  in  the  grave. 
Fortunately,  however,  my  head  was  above-ground,  and  I 
began  to  reason  how  to  get  the  rest  of  myself  away.  The 
secret  was  discovered,  the  causes  set  to  work,  and  finally 
the  end  achieved.  To  use  another  figure,  my  coffin  had 
many  nails  already  driven  in  it  when  I  secured  a  clincher, 
pulled  them  all  out,  and  then  split  up  the  old  wooden 


30  HEALTH,    HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

hulk  to  make  fires  with  which  to  start  the  steam  of  in y  new 
energies. 

All  of  my  time  is  employed.  I  do  some  sort  of  labo- 
rious work  every  day  to  start  my  blood  coursing  vigorously, 
and  open  the  pores  of  my  skin.  By  a  proper  adjustment 
of  my  under-clothing,  I  prevent  a  cold,  and  am  always 
ready  with  a  good  appetite  when  meal-time  comes.  I  have 
never  studied  Anatomy,  Medicine,  or  Surgery,  know  but 
little  about  the  niceties  of  the  English  language,  but  I 
have  studied  the  Materia  Medica  of  myself,  and  am  aware 
of  just  what  is  beneficial  and  what  is  injurious  for  me. 

There  is  a  duty  each  individual  owes  to  his  fellow-man, 
each  municipal  corporation  to  its  citizens,  and  each  State 
and  general  government  to  those  over  whom  they  preside. 
Every  individual  should  strive  to  see  how  much  distress  he 
can  relieve  during  his  short  stay  on  this  earth;  how  few 
thorns  he  has  to  place  in  the  pathway  of  others,  and  how 
many  drops  of  oil  he  can  pour  on  the  disturbed  waters  of 
the  ocean  of  life. 

Accidents  that  are  preventable,  caused  by  carelessness, 
laziness,  and  ignorance,  cost  more  money,  suffering,  and  life 
than  viciousness  and  incendiarism,  in  the  ratio  of  3  to  1. 
Every  man  who  builds  a  mill,  manufactory,  or  a  business 
block,  makes  his  own  rate  of  insurance. 

A  slight  variation  in  the  construction  of  a  building,  the 
omission  of  certain  details,  the  wrong  location  of  hazardous 
machinery  or  materials,  or  the  neglect  of  cleanliness  and 
order,  may  very  seriously  affect  the  fire  hazard,  and  conse- 
quently the  rate  of  insurance  which  must  necessarily  attach 
to  the  property. 

The  Fire  Losses  in  the  United  States  amount  to  $125,- 
000,000  per  annum,  and  the  great  mass  of  this  enormous 
loss  is  chargeable  to  bad  construction  of  buildings,  the  lack 
of  necessary  apparatus  for  extinguishing  fires,  and  careless- 
ness in  the  management  of  property.  The  unavoidable 
losses  are  few  in  number ;  the  avoidable,  many.  Insurance 
companies  restore  no  "value,  repair  no  loss;  they  can  only 
distribute  the  loss  throughout  the  community.  Careless, 
ignorant,  annihilative,  is  the  term  to  be  applied  to  15%  of 


HEALTH,    HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY.  31 

the  fire  losses.  The  destruction  of  life  by  accidents,  where 
immediate  death  follows,  in  the  United  States  is  large  ;  but, 
in  comparison  with  those  that  assist  in  shortening  life,  they 
are  about  in  the  ratio  of  1  to  100.  Only  such  persons  as 
have  undoubted  integrity,  coupled  with  order,  cleanliness, 
and  carefulness  should  be  allowed  to  insure  their  property, 
and  thi.s  should  be  restricted  by  law.  A  certain  sect  in  our 
population  that  now  have  to  be  charged  from  50  to  100$ 
more  for  insurance  than  other  people,  should  be  stricken 
from  the  list  of  the  insured,  until  they  have  by  personal 
action  abolished  this  difference  in  risk. 

When  the  time  comes  that  only  such  persons  as  attend 
to  all  the  details  of  cleanliness  and  prevention  of  the  loss  of 
property  and  health  can  be  insured,  the  cost  will  be  reduced 
Until  we  are  willing,  or  educated  up  to  that  point, 


to  protect  our  neighbors'  lives  and  property  as  if  they  were 
ours,  we  must  expect  to  pay  this  50$  more  for  everything 
we  have,  use,  drink,  eat,  and  wear.  Longevity  will  be  re- 
stricted in  the  same  proportion.  Hundreds  of  accidents  would 
be  presented  by  proper  care.  Throwing  foolishly  the  match, 
cigar,  ciirarette,  etc.,  any  and  everywhere,  causes  great  loss 
of  property,  and  often  life;  the  unthinking  eat  oranges  and 
bananas  in  the  street  and  cast  underfoot  the  rinds  and  skins 
to  cause  the  next  moment  the  dislocation  of  a  limb,  or 
broken  skull.  Over  500  accidents  have  occurred  in  this 
city  alone  during  the  last  5  years,  occasioned  by  some  sort 
of  vegetable  or  fruit  refuse  lying  upon  the  pavements;  fatal 
results,  though  not  all  immediate,  happened  to  15  persons, 
and  a  number  were  maimed  for  life.  Broken  bottles  and 
glass  thrown  into  the  street  and  on  the  sidewalks  bring 
about  at  times  frightful  accidents  to  both  man  and  beast; 
and  ifu  correct  report  could  be  had  from  each  livery-man 
and  teamster  in  this  regard,  it  would  startle  the  most  inhu- 
man of  our  race. 

The  tax-payer  has  a  tendency  to  be  selfish  when  he  is 
really  doing  himself  severe  injury.  It  is  a  case  of  reflex 
action.  In  passing  along  a  thoroughfare  he  sees  a  banana 
skin  lying  on  the  sidewalk.  He  cannot  possibly  stop  or 
trouble  himself  to  push  it  into  the  gutter.  Almost  imme- 


32  HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

diately  another  man  comes  along,  steps  on  the  skin,  slips, 
breaks  his  leg,  and  is  carried  to  the  hospital.  He  remains 
there  a  month,  supported  by  the  city,  that  is,  by  money 
paid  by  the  same  tax-payer.  In  this  manner,  and  other 
ways,  can  every  man  act,  both  selfishly  or  unselfishly.  If 
selfish  in  passing  this  by,  it  is  sure  to  come  back  on  him  a 
hundred-fold  to  the  original  trouble  required.  His  un- 
selfishness will  consist  in  saving  his  fellow-men  from  danger 
by  removing  the  cause.  Indeed,  he  will  be  selfish  if  he  casts 
it  off  for  the  sake  of  decreasing  his  taxation,  but  such 
selfish  unselfishness  will  be  gladly  excused. 

Garbage  thrown  out  of  back  doors  or  under  neighbors' 
steps  creates  contagion,  and  in  time  the  thoughtless  individ- 
uals fall  a  prey  to  their  own  carelessness.  Three  out  of 
every  five  men  and  five  out  of  every  hundred  women  are 
ruptured  as  a  result  of  their  own  or  somebody  else's  reck- 
lessness. 

On  the  top  of  nearly  every  house  in  the  section  where 
artesian  water  is  used,  there  is  a  tank  to  receive  water  for 
various  purposes  about  each  dwelling;  much  of  this  is  em- 
ployed for  drinking  and  culinary  uses.  Without  any  at- 
tempt at  a  sensation,  we  pronounce  this  box  or  tank  a  death 
trap!  There  is  not  a  clean  one  in  this  whole  great  city, 
that  has  an  outside  exposure,  and  9  out  of  every  10  are 
reeking  with  filth.  Having  had  occasion  to  investigate 
several  I  am  convinced  that  they  average  alike.  If  so,  there 
are  at  least  500  tons  of  concentrated  filth  playing  the  part 
of  filters  in  the  tanks  of  this  city  alone  at  this  writing! 
And  there  is  every  reason  to  believe  that  this  city  is  as 
clean  as  the  average.  Provided  this  is  so,  there  is  enough 
of  such  refuse  in  the  United  States  to  dam  the  Mississippi 
River  many  times  and  build  a  levee  across  Lake  Erie. 

Health  officers  may  keep  their  own  tanks  clean  in  the 
future,  but  if  individuals  desire  health  and  abolition  of  the 
need  of  Health  Boards,  let  them  keep  their  own  tanks, 
back  yards,  streets,  and  pavements  neat.  Municipal  cor- 
porations should  prevent  by  law  the  throwing  of  any  kind 
of  rubbish  into  the  streets,  and  make  it  a  misdemeanor  for 
the  proprietors  allowing  any  of  their  mercantile  houses, 


HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND   LONGEVITY.  33 

work-shops,  or  residences  to  be  found  filthy,  and  there  are 
thousands  of  them  in  this  city.  To  avoid  accidents,  every 
man,  woman,  and  child  should  be  compelled  to  pass  to  their 
right  on  the  street.  Every  person  in  every  city  not  hav- 
ing a  legitimate  vocation  in  the  eyes  of  the  law,  nor  an  in- 
come from  property  or  money  in  the  bank,  should,  if  crim- 
inally inclined,  be  sent  to  the  House  of  Correction.  If  poor 
and  willing  to  work,  they  ought  to  be  put  to  work  in  the 
public  streets  and  in  the  parks,  to  beautify  them,  for  the 
benefit  of  the  frugal  classes.  No  begging  should  be  al- 
lowed, under  penalty  of  imprisonment.  That  a  city  may 
escape  being  overrun  by  country  tramps,  their  entrance 
should  be  quarantined. 

To  stop  contagion,  public  crematories  should  be  established 
and  cremation  of  the  human  and  animal  bodies  be  com- 
pulsory. If  the  principal  church  and  secret  organizations 
will  now  change  their  rituals  so  as  to  permit  of  the  incinera- 
tion of  the  bodies  of  their  deceased  members,  the  world  will 
have  advanced  100  years  before  the  close  of  this  century 
and  the  average  duration  of  life  at  that  date  will  have  in- 
creased from  34.8  to  40  years.  It  is  needful  that  the  false 
sentiment  regarding  the  disposition  ol  our  dead  should  un- 
dergo a  complete  revolution.  There  could  probably  be  no 
better  aid  to  this  end  than  a  general  investigation  of  the 
mortuary  records  of  the  towns  and  cities  of  the  globe,  by 
proper  officials,  the  facts  and  discoveries  of  whom  should 
be  given  all  possible  publicity.  An  hundred  or  so  years 
ago  this  was  not  so  much  a  matter  of  importance  as  now, 
with  a  greater  and  increasing  density  of  population,  by 
virtue  of  which  a  great  portion  of  the  habitable  earth  is  fast 
becoming  a  mass  of  putrifying  corruption,  that  will  involve 
at  no  distant  time  the  world  :a  pestilence,  woe,  and  desola- 
tion. 

The  recent  official  return  on  the  condition  of  the  London 
cemeteries  is,  or  should  be,  sufficient  to  cause  all  reasonable 
persons  to  cry  out  for  the  crematory.  In  Brompton  Ceme- 
tery, with  an  area  of  t went} -eight  and  three-fourths  of  an 
acre,  there  have  been  buried  in  less  than  fifty  years  one 
hundred  and  fifty-five  thousand  bodies.  In  Tower  Hamlets 
3 

4         01  TBM        *^ 


34  HEALTH,    HAPPINESS   AND   LONGEVITY. 

Cemetery,  with  twelve  acres  less,  in  about  the  same  time, 
the  number  is  two  hundred  and  forty-seven  thousand. 

When  it  is  remembered  how  perfectly  unfitted  the  soil  of 
these  districts  is  for  burial  purposes,  together  with  the  means 
so  largely  employed  for  preventing  speedy  decomposition, 
one  may  readily  imagine  the  danger  that  menaces  those 
above  this  still-increasing  mass  of  sub-pollution. 

Multiply  the  condition  of  the  London  suburbs  by  several 
hundred  thousand  more,  and  then  ponder  the  product! 
Talk  about  sanitary  regulations,  when  our  public  health 
laws  are  violated  thus,  and  the  air  and  water  poisoned  as  a 
result  of  the  superstitious  custom  of  body  burial !  When 
pestilence  stalks  abroad,  it  is  said  to  be  planetary  influence 
or  divine  wrath !  The  following  from  the  Springfield  Re- 
publican will  indicate  the  current  of  public  opinion  : — 

"  That  the  custom  of  burying  the  dead  is  bound  to  be 
superseded  by  more  scientific  and  economical  methods,  es- 
pecially in  the  centers  of  population,  may  be  seen  in  the  re- 
animation  of  the  old  scheme  of  desiccation  by  New  York 
capitalists.  These  men  are  not  yet  ready  to  accept  crema- 
tion. Their  project  is  to  build  mausoleums  as  substitutes 
for  cemeteries,  where  the  body  will  be  subjected  to  the  ab- 
sorbent action  of  currents  of  pure,  dry  air,  which  will  pre- 
vent decomposition,  and,  by  thoroughly  exhausting  the 
body  of  moisture  and  gases,  carry  away  all  germs  of  dis- 
ease. These  air  currents,  thus  laden,  will  then  pass 
through  furnaces,  where  all  noxious  elements  will  be  de- 
stroyed. The  lifeless  form  will  be  reduced  in  weight  about 
two-thirds  and  nearly  one-half  in  size.  Resting  in  a 
sepulcher,  it  may  then  be  preserved  for  an  indefinite  period. 
As  explained  in  detail,  with  particulars  of  the  beauty  of  the 
buildings  thrown  in,  this  scheme  has  advantages  compared 
with  the  undesirable  method  in  vogue,  though  it  is  less 
thorough  and  simple  than  cremation.  A  promoter  of  the 
enterprise  in  speaking  of  the  desiccated  body  says  that  'al- 
though shrunken,  still,  with  the  semblance  of  life,  it  is  an 
object  that  the  eye  of  affection  can  look  upon  without  a 
shock,  and  the  sanitarian  can  think  of  without  a  shudder/ 
In  essence,  however,  the  scheme  is  simply  a  concession  to  a 


HEALTH.    HAPPINESS   AND  LONGEVITY.  35 

public,  not  yet  educateol  to  the  idea  of  cremation.  While 
appropriating  enough  of  the  latter  system  to  solve  the  ques- 
tion of  public  health,  it  caters  to  the  human  sentimentali- 
ties in  preserving  at  half  size  the  dead  form.  Upon  these 
sentiments,  summed  up  as  *  the  instinct  of  humanity,'  the 
promoters  of  the  new  system  base  their  hopes  of  profit. 
Besides  advancing  in  its  favor  all  the  arguments  used  for 
cremation,  its  friends  add  that  in.  the  desiccating  process  no 
danger  can  exist  of  suspended  animation  escaping  notice." 
Public  fountains  should  be  established  in  every  other 
block  of  cities  or  towns  having  over  1,000  inhabitants,  with 
best-devised  filters  known,  so  that  both  man  and  beast 
could  enjoy  pure  water  to  drink,  free  for  the  taking.  Dur- 
ing epidemics  it  should  be  not  only  compulsory  in  munici- 
palities to  have  water  filtered  in  each  house  before  drinking, 
but  it  should  be  boiled.  Every  house  ought  to  have  a  iil- 
ter.  If  you  cannot  afford  a  $40  one,  you  can  secure  one 
for  40  cents. 

CHAPTER    VII. 

"  Vice  is  a  monster  of  so  frightful  mien, 
As  to  be  hated,  needs  but  to  be  seen  ; 
Yet  seen  too  oft,  familiar  with  her  face, 
We  first  endure,  then  pity,  then  embrace." 

"But  evil  is  wrought  by  want  of  thought 
As  well  as  by  want  of  heart." 

The  following  extract  from  the  report  of  the  Grand  Jury 
of  this  city,  given  publicity  December  5,  1889,  is  seli-cx- 
planatory : — 

"Some  of  the  dives  and  variety  theaters  are  the  nurseries 
of  vice  and  crime,  where  drunkenness  is  encouraged,  our 
youth  demoralized,  the  unwary  roped  in  and  robbed,  and 
crimes  committed  which  the  authorities  are  unable  to  pre- 
vent or  discover.  There  is,  of  course,  a  broad  distinction 
to  bo  noted  between  those  places  of  public  resort  where  the 
demand  for  distilled,  fermented,  and  malt  liquors  is  sup- 
plied in  a  legitimate  manner,  and  the  entertainment  pro- 
vided, if  any,  is  not  of  an  objectionable  character,  and  those 


36  HEALTH,    HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

places  where  salacious  performances  are  presented  as  an  at- 
traction, and  lewd  women,  under  the  guise  of  waitresses  to 
serve  liquors,  pursue  a  shameful  vocation.  These  evils 
may  be  partly  remedied  if  respectable  citizens  will  refuse  to 
rent  their  property  for  such  uses,  and  also  refuse  to  assist  in 
obtaining  licenses  whereby  such  headquarters  for  drunken- 
ness, levvdness,  and  crime  are  in  a  measure  entrenched  be- 
hind existing  general  laws. 

"  The  so-called  *  social  evil '  is  aggressive  on  our  thor- 
oughfares, and  should  be  restrained  by  the  authorities  within 
narrower  limits." 

But  we  add  our  interpretation  and  our  suggestions  for 
these  twin  evils  which  stalk  up  and  down  the  earth  and 
apparently  defy  control. 

The  minister  treats  lightly  upon  the  liquor  traffic,  in 
many  instances  because  certain  of  his  church  members 
either  sell  it  at  wholesale,  retail,  or  furnish  the  barley,  corn, 
grapes,  hops,  or  rent  to  the  man  who  does.  The  editors  of 
all  newspapers  of  general  circulation  must  treat  the  sub- 
ject likewise,  for  fear  of  his  advertising  patrons.  His  read- 
ers are  never  taken  into  account,  for  the  simple  reason  that 
circulation  alone  does  not  pay  newspapers  issued  daily,  and 
very  few  that  are  issued  weekly.  It  will  be  seen  by  the 
above  report  that  the  grand  jurymen  too  have  vital  interests 
at  stake.  In  order  to  keep  their  respective  businesses 
from  being  boycotted  by  their  fellow-merchants,  they  han- 
dle the  subject  with  soft  gloves,  as  if  it  were  eggs,  and  the 
"social  evil"  by  this  same  jury  is  done  up  in  nineteen 
words.  But  they  have  indicated  a  great  deal  in  those  few 
words,  namely,  that  such  an  evil  does  exist — something  the 
different  church  organizations  have  refused  to  acknowledge. 

High  license,  with  personal  responsibility  for  results,  un- 
der a  sufficient  bond,  will  in  time  remedy  the  liquor  traffic. 

The  social  evil  should  be  licensed,  and  under  the  perfect 
control  of  the  police — and  not  the  police  under  its  control, 
as  seems  to  be  the  case  in  this  city.  Are  they  not  under 
pay  to  look  the  other  way  ?  Its  boundaries  should  be  ex- 
act, isolated,  and  under  the  direct  supervision  of  the  health 
department.  Is  there  any  justice  in  demanding  a  license  of 


HEALTH,    HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY.  37 

a  milliner,  or  on  any  other  mercantile  pursuit  that  a  female 
may  see  fit  to  adopt,  while  5,000  of  these  questionable 
women  go  untaxed,  because  you  do  not  dare  to  acknowl- 
edge that  their  calling  exists?  To  ask  the  question  is  to 
answer  it — No ! !  Let  no  one  think  that  in  any  way  what- 
ever we  would  seem  to  unduly  countenance,  or  in  the  least 
encourage,  this  evil.  But  we  do  believe  in  recognizing  ab- 
solute facts.  They  cannot  be  overlooked.  It  is  surprising 
that,  amidst  all  this  widespread  discussion  of  intemperance, 
no  more  has  been  said  on  this  social  problem.  As  long 
as  men  are  mortal,  this  condition  of  relations  will  exist — it 
has  existed  through  all  time — but  it  is  possible  to  limit  it, 
to  heavily  license  it,  and  keep  it  within  proper  bounds. 

Then  by  all  means  should  churches  and  various  kinds  of 
societies  exert  their  influence  to  the  legal  recognition  of  the 
true  status,  and  benefit  the  general  condition  of  mankind. 
Boards  of  supervisors,  aldermen,  etc.,  are  clothed  with 
power  to  accomplish  the  ends  suggested,  if  they  are  only 
backed  by  public  sentiment. 

If  the  Catholic  Church  organization  alone  will  inaugurate 
a  general  agitation  over  the  country,  as  they  have  already 
indicated  and  begun  in  their  convention  at  Baltimore,  on 
the  liquor  traffic,  they  will  either  break  it  up  or  put  it  un- 
der control ;  for  60$  of  this  business  is  carried  on  by  their 
following. 

Public  urinals  are  greater  necessities  than  public  fount- 
ains in  cities  and  large  towns.  The  alarming  increase  of 
diabetes  and  kidney  troubles  in  cities  during  the  last  few 
years,  while  remaining  normal,  or  actually  decreasing  in 
the  rural  districts,  has  led  to  the  belief  that  the  prolonged 
detention  of  the  urine  is  the  principal,  and,  in  most  cases, 
the  only  cause  of  this  terrible  malady.  The  foregoing  facts 
recapitulated  exhibit  a  few  of  the  ills  of  mankind  that  are 
in  the  power  of  municipal  officials  to  alleviate.  The  duties 
of  the  general  government  cover  all  of  the  above,  and  in- 
clude the  prevention  of  all  criminals  and  paupers  of  every 
nation  from  landing  on  our  shores;  the  compulsory  educa- 
tion of  all  citizens  old  and  young — as  it  is  cheaper  to  edu- 
cate than  to  punish  criminals ;  to  furnish  employment  upon 


38  HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

all  useful  and  needed  public  works  for  the  worthy,  willing 
poor,  and  cause  to  be  distributed  with  equity  to  the  de- 
serving, all  the  earnings  of  the  criminal  institutions  of  the 
country,  over  and  above  their  actual  expenses. 

It  will  not  be  out  of  place  to  complete  this  chapter  with 
a  few  words  on  the  necessity  of  giving  man  and  beast  one 
day  in  seven  to  rest.  Sunday  seems  to  be  the  preferable 
one,  but  to  compel  the  observance  of  one  particular  day  in 
each  week  for  all  classes  and  sects  would  be  tyrannical. 
The  majority  of  religious  societies  employ  Sunday  for  wor- 
ship and  rest,  but,  throwing  aside  the  moral  and  religious 
bearing,  every  human  being  would  be  healthier,  happier, 
and  live  longer,  if  he  rested  one  day  in  the  week.  We  all 
live  too  fast.  Though  we  enjoy  laziness  at  times,  yet  we  are 
too  anxious  to  get  riches  or  fame  earlier  than  we  ought  or 
can.  A  man  may  work  so  mightily  that  he  will  be  very 
wealthy  at  40  instead  of  50,  but  he  will  die  at  70  instead 
of  80.  Better  prolong  life  by  reserving  forces  for  the  future. 


CHAPTER    VIII. 
"  For  a  man's  house  is  his  castle." 

After  individual  cleanliness  and  regularity,  erect  your 
next  house  in  which  you  intend  to  live,  or  that  you  expect 
to  rent  to  another,  or  remodel  your  present  residence,  to 
correspond  with  the  following : — 

SANITARY  HOUSE. — It  should  stand  facing  the  sun,  on  dry 
soil,  in  a  wide,  clean,  amply-sewered,  substantially-paved 
street,  over  a  deep,  thoroughly  ventilated  and  lighted  cellar. 
The  floor  of  the  cellar  should  be  cemented,  the  walls  and 
ceilings  plastered  and  thickly  whitewashed  with  lime  every 
year,  that  the  house  may  not  act  as  a  chimney  to  draw  up 
into  its  chambers  micro-organisms  from  the  earth.  If  your 
lot  is  situated  so  that  you  cannot  face  your  house  either  east 
or  south,  construct  the  rooms  in  such  a  way  that  your  parlors 
and  sleeping  apartments  will  receive  the  sun  at  least  3 
hours  during  the  day.  All  windows  should  extend  from 


HEALTH,    HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY.  39 

floor  to  ceiling,  adjusted  to  let  down  from  the  top,  and  in 
position  to  secure  as  much  as  possible  of  the  through  cur- 
rents of  air.  The  outside  walls,  if  of  wood  or  brick,  should 
be  kept  thickly  painted,  not  to  shut  out  penetrating  air, 
but  for  the  sake  of  dryness.  All  inside  Avails  should  be 
plastered  smooth,  painted,  and,  however  uuesthetic,  var- 
nished. Mantels  should  be  of  marble,  plate,  iron,  or,  if 
wood,  plain,  and,  whether  natural,  painted,  or  stained,  var- 
nished. 

Interior  wood-work,  including  floors,  should  all  show  plain 
surfaces  and  be  likewise  treated.  No  paper  on  the  walls, 
no  carpets  on  the  floors,  but  movable  rugs,  which  can  be 
shaken  daily  in  the  open  air — not  at  doors  or  out  of  win- 
dows, where  dust  is  blown  back  into  rooms — should  cover  the 
floors.  White  linen  shades,  which  will  soon  show  the  neces- 
sity of  washing,  should  protect  the  windows.  All  furniture 
should  be  plain,  with  cane  seats,  without  upholstery.  Mat- 
tresses should  be  covered  with  oiled  silk.  Blankets,  sheets, 
and  spreads — no  comforts  or  quilts — should  constitute  the 
bedding. 

Of  plumbing  there  should  be  as  little  as  is  necessary, 
and  all  there  is  must  be  exposed. 

The  inhabited  rooms  should  be  heated  only  with  open 
fires,  the  cellar  and  halls  by  radiated  heat,  or,  better,  by  a 
hot-air  furnace,  which  shall  take  its  fresh  air  from  above 
the  top  of  the  house  and  not  from  the  celler  itself  or  the 
surface  of  the  earth,  where  micro-organisms  most  abound. 
Let  there  be  no  annual  house  cleaning,  but  keep  it  clean 
all  the  time,  and  have  it  gone  through  thoroughly  at  least 
four  times  per  year. 

Of  course  a  corner  lot  is  always  preferable,  but  how 
often  it  is  supposed  that  the  benefit  consists  alone  in  a  com- 
manding position,  in  a  chance  for  architectural  display, 
when  the  greatest  boon  is  the  increased  opportunity  for 
sunlight.  The  atmosphere  of  a  room  where  the  sun  never 
shines  is  never  agreeable  or  healthful.  Science  has  taught 
us  that  the  sun  is  the  source  of  all  life.  It  will  effect  more 
than  tons  of  disinfectants  and  chemicals  to  purge  and 
sweeten  the  air  of  a  house.  Let  the  building  be  exposed 


4()  HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

to  the  south,  and  keep  shade  trees  from  checking  the  sun  too 
much.  Verandas  and  broad  piazzas  often  do  as  much 
harm  as  they  give  pleasure — especially  if  they  are  all  cov- 
ered with  vines.  Be  more  careful  about  plumbing  than 
people  are  wont  to  be.  Do  not  practice  economy  by  try- 
ing to  cut  down  plumbing  bills.  When  a  contractor  agrees 
to  erect  a  house,  either  withhold  this  part  from  him  or  see 
that  he  employs  the  most  skilled  labor.  Ventilation  cannot 
be  slighted,  for  upon  it  health  greatly  depends.  If  you  can 
in  any  way  afford  it,  use  incandescent  electric  light  instead 
of  gas  or  oil.  The  reason  is  a  powerful  one.  An  ordinary 
gas  jet  destroys  as  much  pure  air  and  oxygen  as  five  men 
— a  good-sized  oil  lamp  equal  to  three  men.  Add  to  this 
the  heat  that  comes  from  such  methods,  and  we  see  the 
strong  advantage  of  the  incandescent  electric  light.  This 
vitiates  no  air,  gives  off  no  perceptible  heat.  Though  there 
are  stories  that  electric  lights  injure  the  eyes,  from  careful 
observation  we  find  that  it  hurts  the  eyes  of  the  majority 
no  more  than  any  artificial  light. 

The  Sanitary  News  urges  people  not  to  paper  or  paint 
the  interior  walls  of  houses.  Arsenical  poisons  are  used  in 
coloring  wall  paper.  Mold  collects  in  flour  paste  used  in 
fastening  paper  to  walls,  absorbing  moisture  and  germs  of 
disease.  Glue  also  disintegrates,  so  that  any  friction  re- 
moves small  particles,  to  which  germs  attach  and  float  in 
the  air.  Undecorated  walls,  ugly  as  they  are,  the  News  in- 
sists are  the  only  healthy  ones  to  live  within. 

Dr.  Gushing,  of  this  city,  thus  ends  his  lecture  on  "  Health- 
ful Houses":— 

"  The  essentials  then  of  good  house  building  are,  first,  a 
dry  soil,  a  good  foundation,  exposure  to  the  sun,  and,  next, 
good  plumbing  by  reputable  men  at  whatever  cost  necessary 
for  first-class  work,  warming  and  ventilating  by  open  grates 
rather  than  by  steam  heaters  and  stoves,  clean  floors  and 
clean  walls;  and  now,  if  there  be  no  decomposition  of  ani- 
mal or  vegetable  matter  allowed  in  the  immediate  vicinity 
of  the  house,  we  shall  have  done  the  best  that  the  present 
state  of  science  will  permit  toward  making  our  houses 
healthful." 


HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY.  41 

The  Hotel  Del  Monte  is  the  only  perfectly  clean  hotel  in 
America.  It  is  located  at  Monterey,  Cal.,  not  over  a  quar- 
ter of  a  mile  from  the  ocean.  The  prevailing  winds  are 
from  the  sea  and  would  naturally  blow  over  the  sands  to- 
wards the  house.  Now  the  cause  of  dirt  has  virtually  been 
killed  by  the  planting  of  trees,  brush,  and  by  the  laying  of 
asphalturn  walks  and  sod-ground  drives  on  this  windward 
side.  The  only  dirt  is  that  which  is  brought  there  by  trav- 
elers— this  is  easily  kept  down.  The  moral  is  here:  If 
possible  prevent  dust  and  dirt  by  stopping  the  cause. 


CHAPTER    IX. 
"Let  this  great  maxim  he  my  virtue's  guide." 

As  we  are  hastily  reading  books  and  papers  we  contin- 
ually come  across  maxims,  epigrams,  and  short,  pithy  say- 
ings that  attract  us.  We  wish  we  could  not  only  remember 
them,  but  also  often  put  them  in  practice,  but  they  slip  our 
mind  and  actions  almost  immediately.  From  time  to  time 
the  author  has  collected  fruit  from  the  vast  field  of  health 
of  its  kindred  subjects,  and  placed  the  best  of  them  in  this 
book  for  the  reader's  careful  consideration.  Among  the 
multitude  of  "  Don'ts  "  for  politeness  are  the  following  for 
health  alone: — 

"  Don't  endeavor  to  rest  the  mind  by  absolute  inactivity; 
let  it  seek  its  rest  in  work  in  other  channels,  and  thus  rest 
the  tired  part  of  the  brain. 

"  Don't  delude  yourself  into  the  belief  that  you  are  an  ex- 
ception as  far  as  sleep  is  concerned ;  the  normal  average  of 
sleep  is  eight  hours. 

"  Don't  allow  your  servants  to  put  meat  and  vegetables  in 
the  same  compartments  of  the  refrigerator. 

"  Don't  keep  the  parlor  dark  unless  you  value  your  carpet 
more  than  your  and  your  children's  health. 

"  Don't  forget  that  moral  defects  are  as  often  the  cause  as 
they  are  the  effects  of  physical  faults. 

"Don't  direct  special  mental  or  physical  energies  to  more 
than  eight  hours'  work  in  each  day. 


42  HEALTH,  HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

"  Don't  neglect  to  have  your  dentist  examine  your  teeth 
at  least  every  three  months. 

"  Don't  read,  write,  or  do  any  delicate  work  unless  receiv- 
ing the  light  from  the  left  side. 

"  Don't  pamper  the  appetite  with  such  variety  of  food 
that  may  lead  to  excess. 

"  Don't  read  in  street-cars  or  other  jolting  vehicles. 

"  Don't  eat  or  drink  hot  and  cold  things  immediately  in 
succession. 

"  Don't  pick  the  teeth  with  pins  or  any  other  hard  sub- 
stance. 

"  Don't  sleep  in  a  room  provided  with  stationary  wash- 
stands. 

"  Don't  neglect  any  opportunity  to  insure  a  variety  of 
food." 

There  are  many  things  we  should  never  do.  Among 
them  are: — 

"  Never  go  to  bed  with  cold  or  damp  feet. 

"  Never  lean  with  the  back  upon  anything  that  is  cold. 

"Never  begin  a  journey  until  the  breakfast  has  been  eaten. 

"  Never  take  warm  drinks  and  then  immediately  go  out  in 
the  cold. 

"Never  ride  in  an  open  carriage  or  near  the  window  of  a 
car  for  a  moment  after  exercise ;  it  is  dangerous  to  health 
or  even  life. 

"  Never  omit  regular  bathing,  for  unless  the  skin  is  in  reg- 
ular condition  the  cold  will  close  the  pores  and  favor  con- 
gestion or  other  diseases. 

"Never  stand  still  in  cold  weather,  especially  after  having 
taken  a  slight  degree  of  exercise." 

Perhaps  among  the  following  you  may  find  succiutly 
stated  what  will  be  of  eminent  value : — 

"  Focus  your  brain  as  you  would  a  burning-glass.  Butter 
enough  for  a  slice  won't  do  for  a  whole  loaf. 

"Keep  empty-headed  between  times.  Mental  furniture 
should  be  very  select.  Useless  lumber  in  the  upper  story 
is  worse  than  a  pocketful  of  oyster  shells.  Leave  your  facts 
on  your  book  shelves,  where  you  can  find  them  when  wanted. 


HEALTH,    HAPPINESS  AND   LONGEVITY.  43 

A  walking  encyclopedia  cannot  work  for  want  of  room  to 
turn  round  in  his  own  head. 

"  Don't  tax  your  memory.  Make  a  memorandum,  and  put 
it  in  your  pocket.  Every  unnecessary  thought  is  a  waste 
of  effective  force. 

"  Don't  believe  that  muscular  exercise  contracts  head  work. 
Bruin  and  muscle  are  bung-hole  and  spigot  of  the  same  bar- 
rel. It  is  poor  economy  to  keep  both  running. 

"  Pin  your  faith  to  the  genius  of  hard  work.  It  is  the  saf- 
est, most  reliable,  and  most  manageable  sort  of  genius. 

"Amuse  yourself.  This  is  the  first  principle  of  good  hard 
work.  And  the  second  is  like  unto  it. 

"  Don't  work  too  much.  It  is  quantity,  not  quality,  that 
kills.  Therefore,  work  only  in  the  day-time.  Night  was 
made  for  sleep.  And  loaf  on  Sunday.  Six  days'  work 
earns  the  right  to  go  a-fishing,  or  to  church,  or  to  any  harm- 
less diversion,  on  the  seventh. 

"  Go  to  work  promptly,  but  slowly.  A  late,  hurried  start 
keeps  you  out  of  breath  all  day  trying  to  catch  up. 

"When  you  stop  work  forget  it.  It  spoils  brains  to  sim- 
mer after  a  hard  boil. 

"Feed  regularly, largely,  andv slowly.  Lose  no  meal;  ap- 
proach it  respectfully  and  give  it  gratefully.  No  more 
can  bo  got  out  of  a  man  than  is  put  into  him. 

"Sleep  one-third  of  your  whole  life.  How  I  hate  the 
moralist  who  croaks  over  time  wasted  in  sleep.  Besides, 
sleep  is,  on  the  whole,  the  most  satisfactory  mode  of  exist- 
ence." 

MISCONCEIVEMENTS. — "  There  are  a  number  of  mistakes 
made  even  by  wise  people  while  passing  through  life.  Promi- 
nent among  them  is  the  idea  that  you  must  labor  when  you 
are  not  in  a  fit  condition  to  do  so ;  to  think  that  the  more  a 
person  eats  the  healthier  and  stronger  he  will  become;  to 
go  to  bed  at  midnight  and  rise  at  daybreak,  and  imagine 
that  every  hour  taken  from  sleep  is  an  hour  gained;  to  im- 
agine that,  if  a  little  work  or  exercise  is  good,  violent  and 
prolonged  exercise  is  better;  to  conclude  that  the  smallest 
room  in  the  house  is  large  enough  to  sleep  in;  to  eat  as  if 
you  had  only  a  moment  to  finish  a  meal  in,  or  to  eat  with- 


44  HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND   LONGEVITY. 

out  any  appetite,  or  to  continue  after  it  has  been  satisfied, 
merely  to  please  the  taste;  to  believe  that  children  can  do 
as  much  work  as  grown  people,  and  that  the  more  hours 
they  study  the  more  they  learn ;  to  imagine  that  whatever 
remedy  causes  one  to  feel  immediately  better  (as  alcoholic 
stimulants)  is  good  for  the  system,  without  regard  to  the 
after-effects ;  to  take  off  proper  clothing  out  of  season  be- 
cause you  have  become  heated;  to  sleep  exposed  to  a  direct 
draught ;  to  think  any  nostrum  or  patent  medicine  is  a 
specific  for  all  the  diseases  flesh  is  heir  to." 

WEARINESS. — "A  tramp  knows  what  it  is  to  be  leg- weary, 
a  farm  laborer  to  be  body-weary,  a  literary  man  to  be  brain- 
weary,  and  a  sorrowing  man  to  be  soul-weary.  The  sick 
are  often  weary  of  life  itself.  Weariness  is  generally  a  phy- 
siological *  ebb-tide,' which  time  and  patience  will  convert 
into  a  '  flow/  It  is  never  well  to  whip  or  spur  a  worn-out 
horse,  except  in  the  direst  straits.  If  he  mends  his  pace  in 
obedience  to  the  stimulus,  every  step  is  a  drop  drawn  from 
his  life-blood.  Idleness  is  not  one  of  the  faults  of  the  pres- 
ent age;  weariness  is  one  of  the  commonest  experiences. 
The  checks  that  many  a  man  draws  on  his  physiological 
resources  are  innumerable;  and,  as  these  resources  are 
strictly  limited,  like  any  other  ordinary  banking  account,  it 
is  very  easy  to  bring  about  a  balance  on  the  wrong  side. 
Adequate  rest  is  one  kind  of  repayment  to  the  bank,  sound 
sleep  is  another,  regular  eating  and  good  digestion  another. 
One  day's  holiday  in  the  week  and  one  or  two  months  in 
the  year  for  those  who  work  exceptionally  hard  usually 
bring  the  credit  balance  to  a  highly  favorable  condition ; 
and  thus  with  care  and  management  physiological  solvency 
is  secured  and  maintained." 

"WHAT  PRODUCES  DEATH. — Someone  says  that  few 
men  die  of  age.  Almost  all  persons  die  of  disappointment, 
personal,  mental,  or  bodily  toil,  or  accident.  The  passions 
kill  men  sometimes  even  suddenly.  The  common  expres- 
sion, '  choked  with  passion/  has  little  exaggeration  in  it,  for 
even  though  not  suddenly  fatal,  strong  passions  shorten  life. 
Strong-bodied  men  often  die  young ;  weak  men  live  longer 
than  the  strong,  for  the  strong  use  their  strength  and  the 


HEALTH.    HAPPINESS   AND   LONGEVITY.  45 

weak  have  none  to  use.  The  latter  take  care  of  themselves, 
the  former  do  not.  As  it  is  with  the  body,  so  it  is  with  the 
mind  and  temper.  The  strong  are  apt  to  break,  or,  like  the 
candle,  run;  the  weak  burn  out.  The  inferior  animals, 
which  live  temperate  lives,  have  generally  their  prescribed 
term  of  years.  The  horse  lives  25  years,  the  ox  15  or  20, 
the  lion  about  20,  the  hog  10  or  12,  the  rabbit  8,  the 
guinea-pig  G  or  7.  The  numbers  all  bear  proportion  to  the 
time  the  animal  takes  to  grow  to  its  full  size.  But  man,  of 
all  animals,  is  one  that  seldom  comes  up  to  the  average. 
He  ought  to  live  a  hundred  years,  according  to  the  physi- 
ological law,  for  five  times  20  are  100  ;  but  instead  of  that 
he  scarcely  reaches  an  average  of  four  times  the  growing 
period.  The  reason  is  obvious — man  is  not  only  the  most 
irregular  and  most  intemperate,  but  the  most  laborious  and 
hard-working  of  all  animals.  He  is  always  the  most  irri- 
table of  all  animals,  and  there  is  reason  to  believe,  though 
we  cannot  tell  what  an  animal  secretly  feels,  that  more  than 
anv  other  animal  man  cherishes  wrath  to  keep  it  warm, 
and  consumes  himself  with  the  fire  of  his  own  reflections." 

Provided  you  have  babies  in  your  family  go  through  the 
following  and  see  if  you  can't  train  your  child  so  it  shall  be 
among  the  last  seventeen  mentioned: — 

"  Take  your  pencil  and  follow  me,  while  we  figure  on  what 
will  happen  to  the  1,000,000  of  babies  that  will  have  been 
born  in  the  last  1,000,000  seconds. 

"  I  believe  that  is  about  the  average — '  one  every  time  the 
clock  ticks.' 

"One  year  hence,  if  statistics  don't  belie  us,  we  will  have 
lost  150,000  of  these  little  '  prides  of  the  household.' 

"A  year  later  53,000  more  will  be  keeping  company  with 
those  that  have  gone  before. 

"At  the  end  of  the  third  year  we  find  that  22,000  more 
have  dropped  by  the  wayside. 

"  The  fourth  year  they  have  become  rugged  little  darlings, 
not  nearly  so  susceptible  to  infantile  diseases,  only  8,000 
having  succumbed  to  the  rigors  imposed  by  the  master. 

''By  the  time  they  have  arrived  at  the  age  of  twelve  years 
but  a  paltry  few  hundred  leave  the  track  each  year. 


46  HEALTH.   HAPPINESS  AND   LONGEVITY. 

"After  threescore  years  have  come  and  gone  we  find  less 
trouble  in  counting  the  army  with  which  we  started  in  the 
fall  of  1889. 

"  Of  the  1,000,000  with  which  we  began  our  count,  but 
370,000  remain ;  630,000  have  gone  the  way  of  all  the 
world,  and  the  remaining  few  have  forgotten  that  they  ever 
existed.  At  the  end  of  eighty,  or,  taking  our  mode  of  reck- 
oning, by  the  year  1969  A,  D.,  there  are  still  97,000  gray- 
haired,  shaky  old  grannies  and  grandfathers,  toothless,  hair- 
less, and  happy. 

"In  the  year  1984  our  1,000,000  babies  with  which  we 
started  in  1889  will  have  dwindled  to  an  insignificant  223 
helpless  old  wrecks,  '  stranded  on  the  shores  of  time.' 

"In  1992  all  but  seventeen  have  left  this  mundane  sphere 
forever,  while  the  last  remaining  wreck  will  probably,  in 
seeming  thoughtlessness,  watch  the  sands  filter  through  the 
hour-glass  of  time,  and  die  in  the  year  1997  at  the  age  of 
one  hundred  and  eight. 

"  What  a  bounteous  supply  of  food  for  reflection !" 

"  LAUGHTER  AS  A  HEALTH  PROMOTER. — In  his  '  Problem 
of  Health,'  Dr.  Greene  says  that  there  is  not  the  remotest 
corner  or  little  inlet  of  the  minute  blood-vessels  of  the  hu- 
man body  that  does  not  feel  some  wavelet  from  the  convul- 
sions occasioned  by  good  hearty  laughter.  The  life  princi- 
ple, or  the  central  man,  is  shaken  to  its  innermost  depths, 
sending  new  tides  of  life  and  strength  to  the  surface,  thus 
materially  tending  to  insure  good  health  to  the  persons  who 
indulge  therein.  The  blood  moves  more  rapidly  and  con- 
veys a  different  impression  to  all  the  organs  of  the  body,  as 
it  visits  them  on  that  particular  mystic  journey  when  the 
man  is  laughing,  from  what  it  does  at  other  times.  For 
this  reason  every  good  hearty  laugh  in  which  a  person  in- 
dulges tends  to  lengthen  his  life,  conveying,  as  it  does,  new 
and  distinct  stimulus  to  the  vital  forces." 


HEALTH,    TTAPPIXKSS   AND   LONGEVITY.  47 

CHAPTER    X. 

""While  bright-eyed  science  watches  round." 

A  scientific  investigation  into  the  nature  and  causes  of 
consumption  proves  the  immediate  causes,  apart  from  hered- 
itary, to  be  dampness  of  houses  and  localities.  Of  races, 
the  negroes  seem  most  liable,  and  the  Jews  the  most  ex- 
empt. A  french  scientist  has  found  that  inhalation  of  air 
containing  a.  small  amount  of  hydrofluoric  acid  gas  has  a  re- 
markably good  effect  on  consumption.  In  England  good 
results  were  obtained  by  inspiration  of  air  mixed  with  ozone. 
That  the  disease  results  chiefly  from  inactivity  of  the  lungs 
is  the  statement  of  a  physician  who  maintains  that  the  cure 
of  the  disease  is  a  mechanical  question.  The  International 
Tuberculosis  Congress  lately  held  at  Paris  admits  that  tu- 
berculosis is  contagious,  can  be  transmitted  from  man  to 
animals,  and  vice  versa,  and  is  the  same  in  men,  women,  and 
cattle.  Diseased  milk  is  the  most  frequent  agent  of 
transmission,  and  with  this  meat,  particularly  lightly 
cooked,  as  food.  Predisposing  causes  are  sedentary  life, 
overwork,  mental  anxiety,  insufficient  nourishment,  in  gen- 
eral, anything  calculated  to  lower  the  vitality.  The  con- 
gress has  discovered  no  remedy,  only  palliatives  for  tuber- 
culosis. Catarrhs,  bronchitis,  and  other  throat  troubles 
have  a  tendency  to  develop  into  pleurisy  or  consumption 
when  neglected. 

Typhoid  fever  never  affects  the  atmosphere,  but  it  does 
affect  water,  milk,  ice,  and  meat.  The  eggs  of  a  parasite 
from  dogs,  and  hence  more  or  less  infecting  all  waters  to 
which  dogs  have  access,  appear  to  have  an  unequaled 
facility  of  passage  to  all  parts  of  the  human  system. 

As  for  surgical  operations,  in  a  German  paper  are  par- 
ticulars of  a  case  in  which  the  eye  of  a  man  was  thrust  out 
of  its  socket  by  a  parasite  cyst  in  the  rear,  discovered  by 
surgical  exploration  and  extracted.  From  a  5-year  old 
boy  an  injured  kidney  was  removed  successfully  and  the 


48  HEALTH,    HAPPINESS  AND   LONGEVITY. 

patient  recovered.  The  bridge  of  the  nose  was  completely 
restored  by  using  the  breast-bone  of  a  chicken  and  stretch- 
ing the  flesh  of  the  old  nose  over  it. 

Even  the  part  of  a  destroyed  nerve  of  the  arm  was  re- 
stored by  the  substitution  of  a  part  of  a  sound  nerve  from 
an  amputated  lirnb,  so  that  the  continuity  was  restored  and 
sensation  returned  in  36  hours!  Prematurely-born  children 
are  kept  in  an  artificial  mother,  which  consists  of  a  glass 
case  warmed  by  bowls  of  water.  A  new  opiate  has  been 
discovered  called  the  sulsonal.  It  produces  sleep  in  ner- 
vous people  and  those  affected  with  heart  disease,  but  not 
in  healthy  subjects.  The  idea  that  sufferers  from  heart 
disease  should  avoid  physical  exertion  has  been  dispelled  by 
a  noted  physiologist  who  has  successfully  employed  regu- 
lated exercise. 

Brown-Sequard  has  brought  out  his  great  Vital  Fluid. 
He  is  reported  as  saying:  "I  never  made  use  of  the  word 
'  elixir/  still  less  of  the  words  '  elixir  of  life.'  These  are  all 
expressions  or  inventions  of  sensational  newspapers.  If 
quacks  or  ignorant  men  in  America  have  killed  people,  as 
stated  by  the  New  York  papers,  they  would  have  avoided 
committing  those  murders  had  they  paid  the  least  attention 
to  the  most  elementary  rules  as  regards  the  subcutaneous  in- 
jection of  animal  substances.  Injections  of  animal  matter 
have  no  danger,  as  a  rule,  unless  the  substances  begin  to 
be  decomposed.  When  this  condition  of  things  exists,  no 
good  can  be  obtained,  and  there  is  grave  danger  of  inflam- 
mation, abscesses,  and  even  death." 

"  Professor  Brown-Sequard  is  reported  to  have  lately  in- 
formed the  French  Academy  of  Sciences  that,  by  condensing 
the  watery  vapor  coming  from  the  human  lungs,  he  obtained 
a  poisonous  liquid  capable  of  producing  almost  immediate 
death.  The  poison  is  an  alkaloid  (organic),  and  not  a  mi- 
crobe or  series  of  microbes.  He  injected  this  liquid  under 
the  skin  of  a  rabbit  and  the  effect  was  speedily  mortal 
without  convulsions.  Dr.  Sequard  said  it  was  fully  proved 
that  respired  air  contains  a  volatile  element  far  more  dan- 
gerous than  the  carbonic  acid  which  is  one  of  its  constituents, 
and  that  the  human  breath  contains  a  highly  poisonous 


HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY.  49 

agent.  This  startling  fact  should  be  borne  sr.  mind  by  the 
occupants  of  crowded  horse-cars  and  ill-ventilated  apart- 
ments." 

"A  very  curious  geographical  distribution  of  certain  virtues 
and  vices  has  been  mooted  by  a  scientist.  Intemperance  is 
mostly  found  above  latitude  48°,  amatory  aberrations 
south  of  the  forty-fifth,  financial  extravagance  in  large  sea- 
ports, Industrial  thrift  in  pastoral  highland  regions." 

"ADVANCE  IN  HYGIENIC  CLOTHING.— The  new  cellular 
clothing  now  coming  into  use  in  England  is  said  to  be  a 
success.  It  is  woven  out  of  the  same  materials  as  the  com- 
mon weaves  of  cloth,  being  simply,  as  its  name  indicates, 
closely  woven  into  cells,  the  network  of  which  is  covered 
over  with  a  thin  fluff.  Its  porous  quality  allows  the  slow 
passing  of  the  outside  and  inside  air,  giving  time  for  the 
outride  air  to  become  of  the  same  temperature  as  the  body, 
obviating  all  danger  of  catching  colds,  and  allowing  vapors 
constantly  exhaled  by  the  body  to  pass  off,  thus  contributing 
toward  health  and  cleanliness.  The  common  objection  to 
cotton  clothing — that  it  is  productive  of  chills  and  colds — 
is  removed  if  woven  in  this  manner,  and  the  invention  can 
tvrtu'mly  be  said  to  be  strictly  in  accordance  with  hygienic 
and  scientific  principles." 

The  annual  death  rate,  in  1888,  for  the  principal  cities  of 
the  world,  per  1,000  inhabitants,  was :  San  Francisco,  Cleve- 
land, Stockholm,  17;  Bristol,  Dresden,  18;  Chicago,  Cin- 
cinnati, Edinburgh,  London,  Turin,  1.9;  Berlin,  Baltimore, 
Brussels,  Buffalo,  Liverpool,  Philadelphia,  Pittsburg,  20; 
Brooklyn,  St.  Louis,  Tokyo,  21;  Amsterdam,  Christiana, 
Paris,  Washington,  22;  Glasgow,  23;  Copenhagen,  24; 
Bombay,  Boston,  New  Orleans,  Pesth,  Venice,  Vienna,  25; 
Breslau,  Calcutta,  Manchester,  New  York,  Prague,  Rotter- 
dam, 26;  Dublin,  27;  Rome,  28;  Hamburg,  Munich,  29; 
Trieste,  30;  Buda  Pesth,  St.  Petersburg,  32  ,•  Alexandria, 
38;  Madras,  40;  and  Cairo,  51. 

The  death  rate  among  the  poor  and  rich  respectively 
varies  much.  In  Paris  the  death  rate  per  1,000  inhab- 
itants between  40  and  50  years  in  easy  circumstances  was 
4 


50  HEALTH,    HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

8.3  against  18,7  among  the  poor.  In  London  are  some  dis- 
tricts of  the  wealthy  classes  where  the  rate  was  11.3  against 
38  in  the  slums.  The  mean  age  at  death  among  the  gentry 
was  55  years,  while  among  the  workers  it  was  20J  years. 
It  was  found  that  only  8$  of  the  children  of  the  upper 
classes  died  in  their  first  year  against  19$  in  the  general 
population  of  Liverpool  and  33$  in  the  slums  of  that  city. 
Deaths  from  consumption  were  nearly  one-fourth  of  all 
deaths  among  the  poor,  and  only  one-eighteenth  among  the 
rich. 

The  above  facts  and  figures  cannot  fail  to  set  every  intel- 
ligent person  who  reads  them  to  thinking  of  this  great 
health  problem. 


HKALTH.    HAPPINESS  AND   LONGEVITY.  51 


HAPPINESS. 

CHAPTER   XI. 
HAPPINESS. 

"The  learned  is  happy  Nature  to  explore, 
The  fool  is  happy  that  he  knows  no  more." 

Happiness  is  defined  by  Webster  as  an  agreeable  feeling 
or  condition  of  the  soul  arising  from  good  of  any  kind ;  the 
possession  of  those  circumstances  or  that  state  of  being 
which  is  attended  with  enjoyment;  the  state  of  being  happy; 
felicity;  blessedness:  bliss ;  joyful  satisfaction. 

Happiness  is  generic  and  applied  to  almost  every  kind  of 
enjoyment  except  that  of  the  animal  appetites;  felicity  is  a 
more  formal  word,  and  is  used  more  sparingly  in  the  same 
general  sense,  but  with  elevated  associations;  blessedness  \$ 
applied  to  the  most  refined  enjoyment  arising  from  the  pur- 
est social,  benevolent,  and  religious  affections;  bliss  denotes 
still  more  exalted  delight,  and  is  applied  more  appropriately 
to  the  joy  anticipated  in  heaven. 

Happiness  is  only  comparative,  and  we  drink  it  in,  in  the 
exact  ratio  of  our  understanding  to  interpret  the  justice  of 
the  divinity  within  us.  The  first  pre-requisite  is  wisdom,  the 
second  is  like  unto  it,  more  wisdom,  and  the  third  sufficient 
understanding  to  know  that  it  is  wisdom. 

;<  It  is  easy  enough  to  be  pleasant, 

When  life  flows  by  like  a  song, 
But  the  man  worth  while  is  one  who  will  smile 

When  everything  goes  dead  wrong. 
For  the  test  of  the  heart  is  trouble, 

And  it  always  comes  with  the  years, 
And  the  smile  that  is  worth  the  praises  of  earth 

Is  the  smile  that  shines  through  tears. 


52  HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND   LONGEVITY. 

"  It  is  easy  enough  to  be  prudent 

When  nothing  tempts  you  to  stray, 
When  without  or  within  no  voice  of  sin 

Is  luring  your  soul  away. 
But  it's  only  a  negative  virtue 

Until  it  is  tried  by  fire, 
And  the  life  that  is  worth  the  honor  of  earth 

Is  the  one  that  resists  desire. 

•'  By  the  cynic,  the  sad,  the  fallen, 

Who  had  no  strength  for  the  strife, 
The  world's  highway  is  cumbered  to-day, 

They  make  up  the  item  of  life, 
But  the  virtue  that  conquers  passion, 

And  the  sorrow  that  hides  in  a  smile, 
It  is  these  that  are  worth  the  homage  of  earth, 
For  we  find  them  but  once  in  a  while." 

— Ella  Wheeler  Wilcox. 

We  possess  none  of  the  attributes  save  in  a  degree  only, 
anyone  of  which  can  be  intensified,  brightened,  or  benefited 
by  our  thoughts  and  actions.  The  shortest  road  to  happi- 
ness, after  having  cleansed  your  body,  actions,  and  thoughts, 
is  to  "do  all  the  good  you  can,  in  all  the  ways  you  can,  to 
all  living  creatures  you  can,  just  as  long  as  you  can."  The 
more  unselfish  you  become,  the  less  you  think  of  personal 
comfort,  and  the  more  pleasure  you  take  in  the  comforts  of 
others,  the  deeper  and  broader  will  the  fountains  of  your 
own  happiness  become.  There  is  no  class  of  people  who 
have  equal  happiness  or  bliss  pictured  upon  their  counte- 
nances to  those  who  practice  and  teach  the  universal 
brotherhood  of  man  without  regard  to  race,  creed,  sex,  caste, 
or  color. 

Happiness  is  like  manna.  It  is  to  be  "  gathered  in  grains 
and  enjoyed  everyday;  it  will  not  keep;  it  cannot  be  accu- 
mulated ;  nor  need  we  go  out  of  ourselves  nor  into  remote 
places  to  gather  it,  since  it  is  rained  down  from  heaven  at 
our  very  doors,  or,  rather,  within  them." 

George  Macdonald  says :  "  A.  man  must  not  choose  his 
neighbor  ;  he  must  take  the  neighbor  that  God  sends  him. 
In  him,  whoever  he  be,  lies  hidden  or  revealed  a  beautiful 
brother.  Any  rough-hewn  semblance  of  humanity  will  at 


HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AXD  LONGEVITY.  53 

length  be  enough  to  move  the  man  to  reverence  and  affec- 
tion." 

And  there  is  a  still  more  extensive  love,  urges  Charles 
Mack  ay : — 

"  You  love  your  fellow-creatures?    So  do  I, — 
But  underneath  the  wide  paternal  sky 
Are  there  no  fellow-creatures  in  your  ken 
That  you  can  love  except  your  fellow-men? 
Are  not  the  Lrrass,  the  flowers,  the  trees,  the  birds, 
The  faithful  beasts,  true-hearted,  without  words, 
Your  fellows  also,  howsoever  small  ? 
He's  the  best  lover  who  can  love  them  all." 

There  are  certain  principles  that  lead  to  positive  happi- 
One  of  these  is  the  avoiding  of  mistakes.  "  What 
have  been  termed  'the  fourteen  mistakes  of  life*  are  given 
as  follows:  It  is  a  great  mistake  to  set  up  our  own  stand- 
ard of  right  and  wrong  and  judge  people  accordingly;  to 
measure  the  enjoyment  of  others  by  our  own  ;  to  expect  uni- 
formity of  opinion  in  this  world;  to  look  for  judgment  and 
experience  in  youth;  to  endeavor  to  mould  all  dispositions 
alike ;  not  to  yield  to  immaterial  trifles ;  to  look  for  perfection 
in  our  own  actions;  to  worry  ourselves  and  others  with 
what  cannot  be  remedied;  not  to  alleviate  all  that  needs  al- 
leviation as  far  as  lies  in  our  power;  not  to  make  allowances 
for  the  infirmities  of  others ;  to  consider  everything  impos- 
sible that  we  cannot  perform;  to  believe  only  what  our  finite 
minds  can  grasp;  to  expect  to  be  able  to  understand  every- 
thing. The  greatest  of  mistakes  is  to  live  for  time  alone 
when  any  moment  may  launch  us  into  eternity." 

Ignorance  is  a  state  of  happiness  that  many  fairly  intel- 
lectual people  cite  as  well  worthy  of  emulation ;  but  those 
who  assert  it  have  not  understood,  or  attempted  to  fathom, 
how  shallow  'is  this  lake  of  knownothingness  called  "  igno- 
rance." Only  a  slight  ripple  can  be  seen  on  the  bosom  of 
a  shallow  lake  during  the  most  fearful  btorm,  yet  but  a 
slight  zephyr  is  needed  to  show  the  white  caps  upon  the 
grand  old  ocean,  and  at  the  least  provocation  of  a  storm 
"  see  how  she  causes  the  continents  to  tremble,  showing  her 
great  depth  and  majesty."  If  in  the  presence  of  this  happy, 
ignorant  personage,  we  place  the  most  beautiful  piece  of 


54  HEALTH,  HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

statuary  or  painting,  or  produce  the  most  startling  of  Shak- 
spere's  plays,  with  the  best  living  talent,  or  have  the  most 
gifted  vocalist  sing  the  most  difficult  aria,  or  have  a  pano- 
rama of  the  pyramid  Jeezeh,  Eiffel  Tower,  Washington  Mon- 
ument, Philadelphia  City  Hall,  Cologne  Cathedral,  all  act- 
ual size,  and  such  of  nature's  grandest  views  as  the  Yosem- 
ite  Fall,  and  Father  of  the  Forest,  we  would  look  upon  this 
happy  individual  and  listen  in  breathless  silence  for  his 
opinion.  Well,  what  of  it?  what  is  to  prevent  it?  would 
be  the  reply.  But  note  the  difference  even  in  a  cultured 
child;  see  the  gentle  cheek  turn  from  pale  pink  to  livid  car- 
mine, the  heart  pant,  the  bosom  heave,  and  the  whole  form, 
for  the  time  being,  feel  itself  suspended  in  the  air.  To  the 
above  picture,  add  cultured,  ripe  old  age,  and  the  enjoyment, 
ecstasy,  and  pure  happiness  that  would  follow  could  only  be 
measured  by  the  difference  between  where  we  stand  and  the 
end  of  space ! 

Prerequisites  in  the  begetting  01  wisdom  are,  first,  you 
must  be  regular  in  everything  you  do,  act,  or  think.  This 
will  give  you  health.  Second,  you  must  be  regular,  cleanly, 
temperate,  and  moral.  This  will  start  you  on  the  road 
to  happiness.  Third,  in  addition  to  the  first  and  second 
propositions,  you  must  exercise  self-control  in  all  its  as- 
pects if  you  would  have  health,  be  happy,  and  live  to  ex- 
cessive old  age,  before  the  culmination  of  which  you  will 
possess  wisdom  of  no  ordinary  character. 

Let  the  legend  that  "  man's  inhumanity  to  man  makes 
countless  thousands  mourn,"  cease,  and  in  its  place  have, 
"The  universal  brotherhood  of  man  removes  the  shackles  of 
inhumanity,  replacing  them  by  bands  of  love."  This  will 
elevate  the  trend  of  human  thought,  and  every  zephyr  of 
human  intellect  will  gather  and  multiply  until  a  cyclone 
of  happiness  envelopes  the  earth  ;  like  love  it  will  seem  but 
a  soothing  breeze  to  the  human  heart,  so  gentle  will  fall  its 
benign  influences. 

This  brings  us  to  the  point  where  every  person  is  led  to 
look  to  each  of  the  four  points  of  the  compass  and  there  ex- 
claim, "Who  or  what  is  God?"  This  is  the  first  thing 
upon  which  intelligent  beings  should  render  a  decision  ; 


HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY.  ,V> 

mankind  can  only  approximate  happiness  until  they  have 
settled  in  their  own  mind  this  point.  It  is  not  imperative 
that  your  decision  should  cover  all  the  truth  or  the  only 
truth  in  regard  to  Deity,  but  it  should  preclude  all  doubt 
on  the  part  of  the  person  so  deciding.  There  is  just  as  much 
inconsistency  in  the  statement  that  we  know  who  and  what 
is  God  in  his  physical  proportions,  just  where  He  or  It 
resides,  and  just  what  relation  It  or  He  holds  toward  the 
human  monad,  man,  as  there  is  in  the  assertion,  "  There  is 
no  God." 

There  is  no  harm,  however,  in  asserting  our  belief  in  one 
God,  the  Trinity,  or  a  great  First  Cause.  If  we  believe  it 
and  shape  our  lives  accordingly,  true  light  will  be  given 
sufficient  to  satisfy  each  searcher  after  the  Truth;  and  he 
or  they  will  advance  to  some  other  belief  just  when  it  is 
necessary.  The  exultant  Methodist  receives  his  light  in  one 
form,  and  the  quiet  Quaker  in  another.  The  devout  Cath- 
olic represents  still  another  type  of  ritualistic  form,  and  the 
Wisdom  Religionist  (Theosophist)  seems  to  get  his  from 
Nature,  and  finds  some  good  in  everything.  With  the  1,100 
other  different  kinds  of  faith,  there  should  be  no  complaint 
on  our  part  of  a  variety  from  which  to  choose. 

We  offer  not  as  anything  new,  but  as  something  possibly 
forgotten,  the  following  formulae  for  obtaining  happiness, 
viz.:  (1)  The  carrying  out  in  our  lives  and  actions  the 
Golden  Rule  ;  (2)  total  unselfishness  as  regards  self;  (3) 
trying  to  excel  all  others  in  doing  what  the  world  calls 
good;  (4)  condemning  no  one  until  we  have  heard  both 
sides  of  the  question  in  dispute;  (5)  having  the  same  tender 
compassion  for  all  the  lower  animals  that  you  exercise 
towards  the  human  family  ;  (6)  following  out  consistently 
some  religious  belief,  and,  until  you  are  convinced  of  a  better 
one,  defending  it;  (7)  above  all  other  things,  having  chanty 
for  every  person's  short-comings  and  belief.  Add  to 
these  a  few  intrinsic  principles:  (1)  Happiness  is  no  other 
than  soundness  and  perfection  of  mind;  (2)  there  are  two 
ways  of  being  happy  —  we  may  either  diminish  our  wants 
or  augment  our  means  —  either  will  do,  the  result  is  the 
same;  and  it  is  for  each  man  to  decide  for  himself,  and  do 


56  HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

that  which  happens  to  be  the  easiest;  (3)  happiness  is  a 
road-side  flower  growing  on  the  highways  of  usefulness ;  (4) 
carry  the  radiance  of  your  soul  in  your  face;  let  the  world 
have  the  benefit  of  it;  (5)  learn  the  lesson  embodied  in  this 
little  poem : — 

THE  TWO  WORKERS. 

"  Two  workers  in  one  field 

Toiled  on  from  day  to  day, 
Both  had  the  same  hard  labor, 

Both  had  the  same  small  pay; 
With  the  same  blue  sky  above, 

The  same  green  grass  below, 
One  soul  was  full  of  love, 

The  other  full  of  woe. 

"  One  leaped  up  with  the  light, 

With  the  soaring  of  the  lark ; 
One  felt  it  ever  night, 

For  his  soul  was  ever  dark. 
One  heart  was  hard  as  stone, 

One  heart  was  ever  gay ; 
One  worked  with  many  a  groan, 

One  whistled  all  the  day. 

"One  had  a  flower-clad  cot 

Beside  a  merry  mill ; 
Wife  and  children  near  the  spot 

Made  it  sweeter,  fairer  still. 
One  a  wretched  hovel  had, 

Full  of  discord,  dirt,  and  din, 
No  wonder  he  seemed  mad, 

Wife  and  children  starved  within. 

"Still  they  worked  in  the  same  field, 

Toiled  on  from  day  to  day, 
Both  had  the  same  hard  labor, 

Both  had  the  same  small  pay; 
But  they  worked  not  with  one  will: 

The  reason  let  me  tell — 
Lo !  the  one  drank  at  the  still, 

And  the  other  at  the  well." 

(6)  Embody  in  your  lives  the  better  idea  of  this  poem, 
"  Where  Do  You  Live,"  by  Josephine  Pollard  :— - 

"I  knew  a  man,  and  his  name  was  Homer, 
Who  used  to  live  on  Grumble  Corner: 
Grumble  Corner,  in  Cross-Patcli  Town, 
And  he  was  never  seen  without  a  frown. 


HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND   LONGEVITY.  57 

He  grumbled  at  this ;  he  grumbled  at  that; 
He  growled  at  the  dog ;  he  growled  at  the  cat ; 
He  grumbled  at  morning;  he  grumbled  at  night; 
And  to  grumble  and  growl  were  his  chief  delight 

"  He  grumbled  so  much  at  his  wife  that  she 
Began  to  grumble  as  well  as  he ; 
And  all  the  children,  wherever  they  went, 
Reflected  their  parents'  discontent. 
If  the  sky  was  dark  and  betokened  rain, 
Then  Mr.  Homer  was  sure  to  complain  ; 
And,  if  there  was  never  a  cloud  about, 
He'd  grumble  because  of  a  threatened  drought. 

"  His  meals  were  never  to  suit  his  taste ; 
He  grumbled  at  having  to  eat  in  haste ; 
The  bread  was  poor,  or  the  meat  was  tough, 
Or  else  he  hadn't  had  half  enough. 
No  matter  how  hard  his  wife  might  try 
To  please  her  husband,  with  scornful  eye 
He'd  look  around,  and  then,  with  a  scowl 
At  something  or  other,  begin  to  growl. 

"One  day,  as  I  loitered  about  the  street, 

My  old  acquaintance  I  chanced  to  meet, 

Whose  face  was  without  the  look  of  care 

And  the  ugly  frown  which  it  used  to  wear. 
'  I  may  be  mistaken,  perhaps,'  I  said, 

As,  after  saluting,  I  turned  my  head  ; 
'  But  it  is,  and  it  isn't,  the  Mr."  Ilorner 

Who  lived  for  so  long  on  Grumble  Corner ! ' 

"  I  met  him  next  day  ;  and  I  met  him  again, 
In  melting  weather,  and  pouring  rain, 
When  stocks  were  up  and  when  stocks  were  down ; 
But  a  smile  somehow  had  replaced  the  frown. 
It  puzzled  me  much  ;  and  so  one  day 
I  seized  his  hand  in  a  friendly  way, 
And  said  :  '  Mr.  Horner,  I'd  like  to  know 
What  can  have  happened  to  change  you  so?' 

"He  laughed  a  laugh  that  was  good  to  hear, 

For  it  told  of  a  conscience  calm  and  clear, 

And  he  said,  with  none  of  the  old-time  drawl, 
'  Why,  I've  changed  my  residence,  that  is  all ! ' 
'  Changed  your  residence  ? '    *  Yes,'  said  Horner, 
'  It  wasn't  healthy  on  Grumble  Corner, 

And  so  I  moved  ;"  'twas  a  change  complete; 

And  you'll  find  me  now  on  Thanksgiving  Street!' 


58  HEALTH,  HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

"  Now,  every  day  as  I  move  along 
The  streets  so  tilled  with  the  busy  throng, 
I  watch  each  face  and  can  always  tell 
Where  men  and  women  and  children  dwell ; 
And  many  a  discontented  mourner 
Is  spending  his  days  on  Grumble  Corner, 
Sour  and  sad,  whom  I  long  to  entreat 
To  take  a  house  on  Thanksgiving  Street." 


CHAPTER    XII. 

"  Gold  can  gild  a  rotten  stick  and  dirt  sully  an  ingot." 

AIDS  TO  MORALITY. — "Many  imagine  that  the  only  ways 
in  which  public  and  private  morality  can  be  improved,"  says 
the  Philadelphia  Ledger,  "are  those  definite  and  direct 
methods  which  appeal  at  once  to  the  conscience  and  the 
heart.  Preaching  and  teaching,  persuading  and  warning, 
exhorting  and  encouraging,  are  instrumentalities  worthy  of 
all  honor,  and  those  whose  abilities  qualify  them  for  such 
tasks  should  receive  every  possible  stimulus  to  exert  them 
in  so  noble  a  cause.  But  it  is  a  great  mistake  to  suppose 
that  these  are  the  only  means  to  promote  morality.  Every 
truly  civilizing  influence  is  also  a  reforming  one.  By  this 
we  do  not  mean  that  miscalled  civilization  which  multiplies 
wants,  and  increases  luxury  and  develops  refinement  in  a 
few, at  the  expense  of  the  many,  but  that  advancement  of 
mind  and  of  knowledge,  which  is  forever  disclosing  better 
methods  of  living  and  diffusing  them  among  the  whole  peo- 
ple. Dr.  Howard  Crosby,  president  of  the  Society  for  the 
Prevention  of  Crime,  in  New  York,  and  who  has  had  wide 
opportunities  of  observing  the  condition  of  morality  in  that 
city,  has  recently  declared  that  the  moral  condition  of  New 
York  has  vastly  improved  during  the  past  few  years,  and 
that  fifty  years  ago,  although  there  was  far  less  of  the  for- 
eign element  than  there  is  now,  a  low  condition  of  morality 
existed  that  would  not  be  tolerated  at  the  present  time. 
What  is  true  of  New  York  in  this  respect  is  equally  true  of 
our  other  cities,  and  if  there  be  any  pessimist  who  points  to 
the  well-known  corruptions  and  vices  which  still  exist  as  a 


HEALTH,    HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY.  59 

refutation  of  this  statement,  we  would  remind  him  that  the 
very  fact  that  such  things  are  now  brought  to  the  light, 
discussed,  and  condemned,  is  a  proof  that  they  are  on  the 
decline.  When  a  community  is  deeply  sunk  in  immorality, 
little  or  no  comment  is  made  on  the  fact.  When  we  come 
to  seek  into  the  causes  of  this  improvement,  we  shall  find 
that  among  the  most  prominent  are  the  practical  results  of 
scientific  progress  and  the  civilizing  tendencies  of  the  age. 
There  is  no  question  that  dirt,  disease,  and  darkness  are 
prevalent  sources  of  vice  and  crime,  and  whatever  influences 
are  brought  to  bear  against  them  will  also  press  heavily 
against  immorality.  The  increasing  value  set  upon  health, 
as  shown  alike  in  sanitary  laws  and  regulations  and  in  the 
greater  willingness  manifested  by  the  community  to  under- 
stand and  adopt  hygienic  modes  of  life,  is  beyond  dispute. 
The  improvements  in  house  building  and  drainage;  the  in- 
troduction of  water, pure  and  plentiful;  the  freer  admission 
of  fresh  air;  the  better  systems  of  ventilation  ;  the  brilliant 
lighting  up  of  our  city  streets — all  contribute  to  the  preven- 
tion of  crime  and  to  the  spread  of  a  higher  type  of  morality, 
while  increasing  the  health,  peace,  and  comfort  of  the  com- 
munity. And  when  to  all  these  we  add  the  better  and 
wider  education  given  to  the  rising  generation  than  was 
thought  possible  fifty  years  ago,  we  shall  find  abundant 
reason  for  the  moral  advancement  which  has  been  made. 
There  are  some  persons  who  feel  quite  powerless  to  help  on 
the  cause  of  reform,  or  to  improve  the  moral  character  of  a 
single  individual,  because  they  have  no  gift  for  influencing 
men  by  direct  appeal.  They  have,  perhaps,  tried  and 
failed,  and  so,  although  they  would  like  to  do  some  good  in 
the  world,  they  are  hopeless  of  any  success.  Let  such  take 
courage  as  they  remember  how  many  indirect,  yet  most 
effectual,  methods  there  are  of  accomplishing  this  end.  Let 
them  look  over  the  multitudes  of  civilizing  agencies  that 
are  silently  working  in  the  interests  of  morality,  and  attacli 
themselves  to  such  as  most  heartily  engage  their  interest. 
Every  intelligent  individual  must  be  in  sympathy  with 
sonic  of  them  ;  and  it  is  just  there  that  his  services  are, 
needed  and  will  be  most  valuable.  Nor  let  him  make  the 


6Q  HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

mistake  of  supposing  that  lie  is  thus  working  upon  a  lower 
or  inferior  plane.  It  is  in  works  of  benevolence  and  re- 
form, just  as  in  all  other  kinds  of  work — that  which  a  man 
can  do  best  is  the  very  best  thing  for  him  to  do.  So,  if  one 
man  is  interested  in  sanitary  schemes  and  another  in  even- 
ing schools ;  if  one  is  anxious  for  free  libraries  and  another 
for  free  parks;  if  one  can  help  to  secure  good  roads  and 
clean  streets  and  another  can  aid  in  protecting  children  or 
dumb  animals  from  ill-treatment,  let  each  be  assured  that  in 
such  exertions  he  is  doing  his  share  in  promoting  morality 
and  in  elevating  character  as  surely  and  as  effectually  as 
those  whose  peculiar  province  it  is  to  teach  or  to  preach,  to 
admonish  or  to  advise." 

If  the  butcher's  trade  begets  in  him,  the  butcher,  a  dis- 
position to  use  the  knife  more  indiscriminately,  and  causes 
him  to  look  upon  the  taking  of  life  indifferently  and  un- 
concernedly, so  that  in  a  majority  of  the  States  he  is  dis- 
qualified from  sitting  upon  a  murderer's  jury,  there  then 
must  be  something  not  only  in  the  associations  we  keep  but 
in  the  business  we  follow. 

The  average  lawyer  tries  by  every  known  means  to  clear 
his  client.  In  50%  of  the  cases  handled  by  50$  of  the  at- 
torneys their  clients  are  guilty  and  they  know  it.  They  do 
not  break  the  law  of  their  State  or  country  simply  because 
the  laws  in  the  main  are  made  to  screen  the  evil-doers  and 
not  the  honest  citizen.  But  how  they  can  do  this  and  affili- 
ate with  anyone  of  the  1,100  different  faiths,  or  attend  their 
church  organizations  or  services  sincerely,  is  more  than  we 
can  surmise.  In  contrast,  however,  we  must  mention  an 
isolated  case  that  has  reached  us  well  authenticated.  A 
very  prominent  and  able  lawyer  of  New  York  City,  who 
had  the  reputation  of  never  losing  a  case,  was  accosted  by 
a  well-known  offender  of  the  law  on  trial  for  felony  before 
the  court  of  Oyer  and  Terminer.  The  attorney  invited  the 
would-be  client  into  his  private  office  and  had  him  state 
his  case.  He  finished,  and  the  lawyer  remarked,  "  You 
are  guilty."  "Well,  I  know  that,"  replied  the  culprit, 
"  that  is  why  I  want  your  services — you  never  lose  a  case." 
"  Sir,"  said  the  lawyer,  "  you  have  c6me  to  the  wrong 


HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY.  61 

office.  I  have  never  failed  in  any  case  before  the  courts; 
I  account  for  it  from  the  fact  that  I  have  never  espoused  a 
cause  where  I  knew  the  client  was  guilty.  Knowing  I  was 
right,  I  have  thrown  my  whole  soul  into  it,  and  won." 

GOSSIP. — There  is  a  vast  deal  of  un  happiness  in  this 
world  caused  by  gossip.  Dr.  J.  G.  Holland  presents  help- 
ful ideas  in  the  following: — 

"What  is  the  cure  for  gossip? — Simply  culture.  There 
is  a  great  deal  of  gossip  that  has  no  malignity  in  it.  Good- 
natured  people  talk  about  their  neighbors  because  they 
have  nothing  else  to  talk  about.  As  we  write,  there  comes 
to  us  the  picture  of  a  family  of  young  ladies.  We  have 
seen  them  at  home,  we  have  met  them  in  galleries  of  art, 
we  have  caught  glimpses  of  them  going  from  a  book  store 
or  library  with  a  fresh  volume  in  their  hands.  When  we 
meet  them  they  are  full  of  what  they  have  seen  and  read. 
They  arc  brimming  with  questions.  One  topic  of  conver- 
sation is  dropped  only  to  give  place  to  another  in  which 
they  are  interested.  We  have  left  them  after  a  delightful 
hour,  stimulated  and  refreshed,  and  during  the  whole  hour 
not  a  neighbor's  garment  was  soiled  by  so  much  as  a  touch. 
They  had  something  to  talk  about.  They  knew  something, 
and  wanted  to  know  more.  They  could  listen  as  well  as 
they  could  talk.  To  speak  freely  of  a  neighbors  doings 
and  belongings  would  have  seemed  an  impertinence  to 
them,  and,  of  course,  an  impropriety.  They  had  no  temp- 
tation to  gossip,  because  the  doings  of  their  neighbors 
formed  a  subject  very  much  less  interesting  than  those 
which  grew  out  of  their  knowledge  and  their  culture. 

"And  this  tells  the  whole  story.  The  confirmed  gossip 
is  always  either  malicious  or  ignorant.  The  one  variety 
needs  a  change  of  heart  and  the  other  a  change  of  pasture. 
Gossip  is  always  a  personal  confession  either  of  malice  or 
imbecility,  and  the  young  should  not  only  shun  it,  but,  by 
most  thorough  culture,  relieve  themselves  from  all  tempta- 
tion to  indulge  in  it.  It  is  a  low,  frivolous,  and,  too  often, 
a  dirty  business.  There  are  neighborhoods  in  which  it 
rages  like  a  pest.  Churches  are  split  in  pieces  by  it. 
Neighbors  are  made  enemies  by  it  for  life;  In  many  per- 


62  HEALTH,    HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

sons  it  degenerates  into  a  chronic  disease,  which  is  practi- 
cally incurable.  Let  the  young  cure  it  while  they  may." 

MARRIED  LIFE. — As  the  family  is  the  center  about 
which  all  life  revolves,  it  is  absolutely  essential  to  have 
happy  relations  there.  Husbands  too  often  neglect  their 
wives  and  homes.  "  Women  are  lonely,"  says  Mrs.  Annie 
Jenness.  "They  miss  their  husbands.  What  amount  of 
companionship  exists  between  the  American  woman  and 
the  man?  He  starts  for  his  office  as  soon  as  his  breakfast 
is  hurriedly  swallowed.  He  does  not  come  home  at  the 
lunch  hour.  He  is  barely  in  season  for  a  late  dinner. 
Very  possibly  he  belongs  to  a  club  and  has  an  engagement 
as  soon  as  dinner  is  done. 

"  If  not  that,  his  head  is  in  bank  or  counting-house,  and 
he  studies  the  stock  quotations  in  the  night's  paper,  and 
counts,  as  against  a  possible  rise  of  wheat,  the  day's  gossip, 
with  which  his  wife  is  overflowing,  very  small  potatoes. 
They  have  callers,  or  they  go  to  opera  or  theater.  It  may 
easily  happen  that  they  do  not  spend  ten  minutes  in  con- 
versation with  each  other  during  the  day.  American  men 
are  always  in  a  hurry.  They  seem  to  live  for  the  sole  pur- 
pose of  catching  trains.  They  have  no  time  to  amuse  or 
be  amused. 

"The  conditions  of  modern  life  separate  them  from  women. 
The  lives  of  men  grow  more  and  more  simple — business 
comprehends  the  whole.  The  lives,  of  women  grow  more 
and  more  complex — everything  which  is  not  business  is 
given  over  to  them.  A  man  past  the  romantic  epoch,  who 
honestly  enjoys  talking  with  women,  is  not  an  average  mor- 
tal. The  every-day  sort  of  man  takes  pains  to  be  detained 
somewhere  until  all  the  guests  have  departed  from  his  wife's 
5  o'clock  tea.  The  couple  live  in  different  worlds.  The 
world  is  now  discussing  why  marriage  is  a  failure,  if  it  is? 
Then  consider  this  collection  of  reasons: — 

"  When  either  of  the  parties  marry  for  money. 

"  When  the  lord  of  creation  pays  more  for  cigars  than 
his  better  half  does  for  hosiery,  boots,  and  bonnets. 

"  When  one  of  the  parties  engages  in  a  business  that  is 
not  approved  by  the  other. 


HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY.  63 

"  When  both  parties  persist  in  arguing  over  a  subject 
upon  which  they  never  have  and  never  can  think  alike. 

"  When  neither  husband  nor  wife  takes  a  vacation. 

"  When  the  vacations  are  taken  by  one  side  of  the  house 
only. 

"  When  a  man  attempts  to  tell  his  wife  what  style  of 
bonnet  she  must  wear. 

"  When  a  man's  Christmas  presents  to  his  wife  consist  of 
boot-jacks,  shirts,  and  gloves  for  himself. 

"  When  the  watchword  is,  'Each  for  himself.' 

"  When  dinner  is  not  ready  at  dinner-time. 

"When  'he'  snores  his  loudest  while  'she'  kindles  the 
fire. 

''When  'father'  takes  half  of  the  pie  and  leaves  the 
other  half  for  the  one  that  made  it  and  her  eight  children. 

"  When  the  children  are  given  the  neck  and  back  of  the 
chicken. 

"  When  children  are  obliged  to  clamor  for  their  rights. 

"  When  the  money  that  should  go  for  a  book  goes  for 
what  only  one  side  of  the  house  knows  anything  about. 

"  When  there  is  too  much  latch-key. 

"  When  politeness,  fine  manners,  and  kindly  attentions 
are  reserved  for  company  or  visits  abroad." 


CHAPTER    XIII. 
"  The  greatest  friend  of  truth  is  time." 

WHAT  WE   INHERIT   FROM   THE   PAST. 

The  world  moves  only  through  the  constant  accumulation 
ami  conservation  of  force — the  force  of  mind.  We  are  not 
capable  of  conceiving  the  immense  wastage  of  this  force 
from  year  to  year  and  from  century  to  century.  If  we  pro- 
duce a  great  inventor  we  are  ignorantly  proud  of  him.  We 
wonder  at  him  as  if  he  were  a  miracle.  A  great  thinker  in 
mechanics,  in  art,  in  science,  in  letters,  astonishes  as  if  he 
were  a  prodigy,  when  he  is  really  only  an  approach  to  what  all 
men  have  the  right  to  be,  to  what  all  men  may  become 


4  HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

when  the  right  mind  has  applied  to  it  the  right  compelling 
power  of  suggestion  from  the  force  of  other  minds.  As 
surely  as  the  plant  is  involved  in  its  seed,  so  surely  is  all 
the  progress  of  the  future  involved  in  the  thought  of  the 
past,  recorded  in  books  as  far  as  it  is  possible  to  record  it  at 
all.  The  telephone,  the  telegraph,  the  phonograph,  the 
steam-engine,  the  power  loom — every  result  of  the  application 
of  mind  in  the  subjection  of  matter— existed  in  the  minds  of 
men  and  was  recorded  in  books  years  before  the  thought 
gave  suggestion  to  the  mind  which  applied  it  practically. 
Back  of  the  mind  of  the  great  thinker  in  poetry,  in  states- 
manship, in  science,  in  mechanics,  is  the  conserved  force  of 
the  minds  preceding  him.  But  what  does  it  all  avail  if  it  is 
wasted  ?  We  may  have  now  a  thousand  Edisons,  Fultons, 
Morses  and  Maurys,  inert  and  practically  useless  because  of 
force  unapplied  that  might  set  them  in  motion  to  make  the 
lives  of  millions,  born  and  unborn,  easier  and  happier.  We 
have  poets,  statesmen,  scientists,  and  inventors  as  unknown 
and  unproductive  as  the  worms  which  change  them  into 
productive  forms  of  matter  in  country  church-yards,  where 
some  Gray  finds  them  and  touches  us  with  a  sense  of  their 
loss  to  us  without  suggesting  the  remedy.  What  remedy  is 
there  if  it  is  not  this  of  making  the  suggested  possibility  of 
the  past  the  endeavor  of  the  present  and  the  achievement  of 
the  future?  How  is  that  possible,  if  we  regard  our  capable 
men  as  miracles,  when  our  own  incapacity  to  understand  is 
the  only  miracle  when  we  leave  the  great  possibilities  of 
mind  in  unnumbered  "  thousands  to  die  with  the  matter  of 
their  bodies?  Charity  builds  a  small-pox  hospital  and  men 
bless  it — rightly.  It  benefits  its  hundreds  and  its  thou- 
sands. The  same  benevolence,  operating  under  the  force  of 
the  conserved  energy  of  mind,  discovers  vaccination,  and  so 
benefits  millions  and  tens  of  millions  for  ages  after  the  small- 
pox hospital  is  back  in  the  clay  from  which  its  bricks  were 
burned.  There  is  here  no  parallel  possible  between  the  re- 
sults achieved — those  of  the  one  hand  so  immensely  exceed 
those  of  the  other.  The  whole  problem  of  the  present  and 
future  is  to  bring  the  accumulated  force  of  suggestion  from 
the  past  to  bear  on  the  given  point — on  the  mind  of  -the 


ITF.ALTIT,    HAI'PIXKSS   AND   LONGEVITY.  65 

living  man,  capable  in  possibility,  and  failing  to  achieve 
only  for  lack  of  stimulus — of  force,  of  power — as  a  steam- 
engine  is  incapable  without  force  applied  from  without. 
And  as  it  is  the  last  shovel  of  coal  that  sets  the  engine  to 
work,  so  the  mind,  prepared  for  the  final  suggestion  that  is 
to  give  it  its  highest  usefulness,  will  remain  inert  if  the  sug- 
gestion fails  it.  These  suggestions  may  come  from  nature 
or  directly  from  other  minds,  but  in  the  main  they  come 
from  the  force  of  mind  preserved  in  books.  Can  there  be 
any  greater,  any  more  capable  benevolence,than  that  which 
gives  this  force  its  widest  possible  application?  A  million 
dollars  may  endow  a  hospital  for  a  century.  Half  as  much 
in  :m  endowment  making  a  library  free  may  bring  press- 
ure to  bear  on  some  brain,  that,  as  a  result,  will  save  more 
suffering  for  the  human  race  than  has  been  saved  by  vacci- 
nation." 

5 


I 


HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 


LONGEVITY. 

CHAPTER   XIV. 
LONGEVITY. 

"  Tell  me  not  in  mournful  numbers, 

Life  is  but  an  empty  dream, 
For  the  soul  is  dead  that  slumbers, 
And  things  are  not  what  they  seem." 

How  long  shall  a  man  live?  That  depends  entirely  upon  the 
Live  r! — Punch. 

If  you  have  read  with  care  the  preceding  chapters  of  this 
work,  and  paused  between  the  lines  to  reflect,  you  will  not 
now  have  to  be  retold  our  panacea  for  a  long  life.  By  this 
we  mean  the  usually  allotted  three-score  and  ten,  or  also  the 
120  years  given  as  the  limit  in  Genesis,  3rd  and  6th  chap- 
ters. These  ages,  however,  are  not  common  in  any  country 
or  age.  There  are  many  instances  of  70  years,  but  not 
enough  to  be  called  common,  while  it  is  the  "  survival  of 
the  fittest"  that  reach  120  years. 

In  the  United  States  only  5.6$  of  population  are  above 
60  years  and  probably  not  more  than  4J$are  over  70  years. 
Norway  has  the  best  record,  with  9$  of  the  population  above 
the  age  of  60.  Japan  has  1,182,000  people  over  70  years, 
but  only  73  of  these  are  over  100,  and  1  alone  has  reached 
the  age  of  111  years.  Probably  the  oldest  human  being  liv- 
ing  in  the  United  States  at  this  writing  is  the  old  Indian 
named  Gabriel,  residing  at  or  near  Castroville,  Cal.,  100 
miles  south  of  San  Francisco.  He  has  an  authentic  history 
of  146  years, and  he  is  believed  to  be  ovjer  150  years  old.  But 
for  real  characteristic  longevity,  we  must  visit  the  mountain 
fastnesses  of  Thibet,  in  Asia,  where  live  a  number  of  speci- 
mens of  the  human  family  that  have  a  recorded  history 
back  to  the  latter  part  of  the  16th  century. 


HEALTH,   IIAPPINEFF.  AND  LONGEVITY.  67 

We  have  previously  told  you  that  by  regularity  alone 
man  may  reach  the  age  of  100  years.  Now  we  intend  to 
treat  more  the  possibilities  of  how  long  it  is  possible  for 
mankind  to  retain  all  their  mental  faculties  and  enjoy  suf- 
ficient vital  force  to  battle  with  the  world  for  a  livelihood. 
We  are  led  to  believe,  like  Dr.  Win.  A.  Hammond,  a  prom- 
inent physician  of  New  York  City  "that  there  is  no  physi- 
ological reason  at  the  present  day  why  man  should  die." 
(Further  on  we  give  more  of  the  Doctor's  theory.)  Just  so 
long,  however,  as  there  are  no  paid  teachers  to  show  how 
not  to  get  sick,  how  to  keep  the  physique  and  mind  from 
tiring,  the  heart  from  growing  wary  and  discontented,  just 
so  long  will  the  average  of  life  remain  under  40  years  and 
the  grave-yards  continue  to  be  populated.  There  are  hun- 
dreds of  reasons  why  this  or  that  clan  or  sect  live  longer 
than  the  other  sect  or  clan,  but  what  we  wish  to  convey  is 
that  none  of  them  live  out  all  their  days.  For  instance,  in 
comparison  with  other  nations  not  mentioned,  the  German 
can  drink  more  beer,  the  Frenchman  more  wine,  the  Rus- 
sian more  pure  spirits,  the  Englishman  more  brandy,  and 
the  American  more  whisky,  before  harm  is  perceptible, 
likewise  the  Chinese  can  smoke  more  opium  and  the  Rusr 
sian  a  stronger  cigarette,  and  more  of  them,  before  harm  is 
apparent  to  others.  No  matter  what  an  individual's  creed, 
color,  or  nationality,  if  he  be  intelligent  and  clearly  en- 
dowed with  the  five  known  senses,  he  does  know  that  any 
narcotic,  no  matter  of  what  nature,  even  if  it  is  as  mild  as 
steeped  tea  leaves  and  as  odorless  as  pure  water,  is  a  detri- 
ment to  some  one  of  the  senses.  As  each  sense  is  dulled, 
the  others  must  sympathize  with  it;  so  it  will  not  require  an 
instrument  to  measure  to  the  .001  part  of  an  inch,  or  to  a 
single  vibration  of  the  violet  ray,  to  test  the  degree  of  injury 
that  the  human  structure  received  for  each  variation  from 
the  path  of  perfection. 

If  perfection  of  climate  is  sought,  perfect  sanitation  ob- 
tained, regularity,  cleanliness,  uprightness,  temperance,  and 
self-control  practiced,  if  the  bodily  waste  is  supplied  with 
nature's  fruits,  grains,  vegetables,  and  herbs,  if  drinking  is 
done  at  nature's  fountain  for  thirst,  life  will  be  prolonged 


(58  HEALTH,    HAPPINESS   AND  LONGEVITY. 

to  see  the  light  in  more  than  one  century.  Finally,  add  to 
that,  if  self  is  forgotten,  and  only  the  comfort  of  others 
remembered  and  regarded,  life  may  be  indefinitely  pro- 
longed. 

M.  Chevreul,  the  eminent  French  scientist,  died  April  9, 
1889,  aged  103  years.  "On  the  31st  day  of  August,  1886, 
he  attained  the  age  of  100  years,  and  was  still  in  vigorous 
health,  and  with  all  his  faculties  unimpaired.  The  occasion 
'  was  celebrated  by  the  students  of  Paris,  among  whom  he 
is  a  great  favorite,  and  by  the  French  people  generally,  with 
enthusiasm.'  The  Paris  Journal  Illustre  seized  upon  the 
opportunity  to  interview  him  in  a  manner  that  is  described 
as  marking  '  an  era  in  this  line  of  journalistic  enterprise. 
Not  only  were  his  words  taken  down  verbatim,  but  his  va- 
rious attitudes  while  speaking  were  photographed  by  the 
instantaneous  process,  and  engraved,'  twelve  illustrations 
being  given  in  the  interview.  M.  Chevreul  is  an  important 
figure  in  the  scientific  world,  and  the  interview  contains 
many  useful  lessons  in  hygiene  and  philosophy,  not  the 
least  of  which  is  described  by  his  interviewer  as  an  exposi- 
tion of  the  *  chemical  secret  of  longevity.'  In  a  condensed 
form,  it  is  as  follows:  He  regards  longevity  as  a  great  bless- 
ing, and  declares  that  the  method  by  which  it  may  be  se- 
cured is  easy  to  learn;  but  I  think  that  with  many  people 
it  would  be  difficult  to  follow.  He  laid  down  the  propo- 
sition that  the  larger  proportion  of  the  human  race  die  of 
disease  and  not  of  old  age.  Now,  he  finds  that  while  we 
should  especially  guard  against  drawing  general  conclusions 
from  particular  cases,  yet  it  is  nevertheless  true  that  the 
study  of  particular  cases  may  and  should  conduct  us  to 
general  precepts.  It  is  necessary  for  each  one  to  study  his 
personal  aptitudes,  and  conform  to  them  with  a  constant 
firmness.  Every  regime  is  personal,  and  '  I  cannot  too  much 
insist  upon  this  essential  point,  that  what  is  suitable  for  one 
may  not  be  for  another.  It  is,  then,  important  for  each  one 
to  note  well  what  is  adapted  to  his  own  constitution.  Thus, 
I  have  the  same  aversion  to  fish  as  to  fermented  liquors,  es- 
pecially to  wine,  also  a  distaste  for  a  large  number  of  vege- 
tables, and  I  could  never  drink  milk.  Shall  I  conclude, 


HEALTH,    HAPPINESS  AND   LONGEVITY.  69 

then,  that  fish,  that  the  vegetables  which  I  do  not  relish, 
and  milk,  are  not  nutritive? — Certainly  not ;  for  I  judge  hy  a 
general  rule  and  not  by  my  own  idiosyncrasies.  Cofiee  and 
chocolate  agree  with  me;  the  latter  is  especially  nutritive, 
and  gives  me  an  appetite  for  food.  It  is  forme  an  aperient. 
Shall  I  conclude  from  this  that  chocolate  would  give  every- 
body an  appetite? ' 

"  He  maintains  a  barometric  exactness  and  regularity  in 
all  the  habits  of  his  daily  life, — eats  at  fixed  hours,  takes  his 
time,  and  leaves  the  table  with  some  appetite  for  more. 
He  says  he  remembers  the  words  of  the  wise  man,  'The 
stomach  has  slain  more  men  than  war,'  and  that  the  Spur- 
tans  proscribed  those  citizens  who  were  too  fat. 

" '  I  use  little  salt  or  spices,  and  but  little  coffee,  and  I  flee 
as  from  a  pest  from  all  those  excitants  of  which  I  feel  no 
need,  and  from  all  tobacco  and  alcoholics  in  whatever  form 
they  may  present  themselves.' 

"  He  divides  his  day,  the  morning  to  exact  science,  the 
middle  of  the  day  to  philosophy,  and  the  evening  to  music 
and  poetry.  'But  above  all,  no  discussion  at  the  table. 
One  should  only  cat  with  a  calm  spirit.  Let  the  dining- 
room  remain  the  dining-room,  and  never  be  turned  into  a 
room  for  argument.  Discussion  while  eating  is  a  cushion  of 
needles  in  the  stomach.'  " 

Dr.  Felix  L.  Oswald  has  made  the  following  brilliant 
conclusions  in  the  "Curiosities  of  Longevity  :  "- 

"Among  the  centenarians  of  all  nations  and  all  times,  a 
significant  plurality  were  either  rustics,  or  city  dwellers  ad- 
dicted to  outdoor  pursuits.  Centenarians  are  remarkably 
frequent  among  the  bailiff-ridden  boors  of  Southern  Russia, 
and  the  five  oldest  persons  of  modern  times  were  care-worn 
if  not  abjectly  poor  villagers:  Peter  Czartan,  who  died  in 
a  hamlet  near  Belgrade,  1724,  in  his  hundred  and  eighty- 
fifth  year;  the  Russian  beggar  Kamartzik,  a  native  of 
Polotzk,  who  reached  an  age  of  one  hundred  and  sixty- 
three  years,  and  died  in  consequence  of  an  acccident;  the 
fisherman  Jenkins,  who,  in  spite  of  life-long  penury,  lived 
at  least  a  century  and  a  half  (the  estimate  of  his  neighbors 
varying  from  one  hundred  and  fifty-eight  to  one  hundred 


70  HEALTH,  HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

and  sixty-nine  years) ;  the  negress  Truxo,  who  died  in 
slavery  on  the  plantation  of  a  Tucuman  physician,  in  her 
hundred  and  seventy-fifth  year;  and  the  day-laborer, 
Thomas  Parr,  who  attained  the  pretty-well-authenticated 
age  of  one  hundred  and  fifty-two  years,  and  who  died  a  few 
weeks  after  his  removal  from  country  air  and  indigence  to 
comfort  and  city  quarters.  If  dietetic  restrictions  tend  to 
prolong  human  life,  the  rule  would  seem  to  be  chiefly  con- 
firmed by  its  exceptions.  The  children  of  Israel  are  apt  to 
ascribe  their  certainly  remarkable  longevity  to  the  Mosaic 
interdict  of  hogs'  flesh.  .  .  . 

"  John  H.  Brown,  M.  D.,  the  Berwick  ^Esculapius,  enu- 
merates a  long  list  of  patients  who  had  postponed  their  fun- 
eral by  following  his  plan  of  systematic  hygiene — the  plan, 
namely,  of  '  toning  down '  plethora  by  bleeding  and 
cathartics,  and  of  'toning  up'  debility  by  means  of  beef 
and  brandy.  But  sixteen  hundred  years  ago  the  philoso- 
pher Lucian  called  attention  to  the  exceptional  longevity  of 
the  Pythagorean  ascetics,  whose  religious  by-laws  enjoined 
total  abstinence  from  wine  and  all  sorts  of  animal  food. 
The  naturalist  Brehm  describes  the  robust  physique  of  a 
Soudan  chieftain  who,  at  the  reputed  age  of  one  hundred 
and  six  years,  could  hurl  a  stone  with  force  sufficient  to 
kill  a  jackal  at  a  distance  of  fifty  yards,  and  thought  noth- 
ing of  starving  for  a  week  or  two  if  his  foragers  happened 
to  return  empty-handed.  But  the  same  traveler  mentions 
that  his  swarthy  Nestor  now  and  then  compensated  such 
fasts  by  barbecues  lasting  from  ten  to  twenty-four  hours, 
and  including  a  melange  of  marrow-fat  and  pepper-grass, 
besides  dozens  of  hard-boiled  crane's  eggs,  jerboa  stew,  and 
deep  draughts  of  clarified  butter.  Long  fasts  certainly 
enhance  the  vigor  of  the  digestive  organs,  but  the  net  re- 
sult of  repeating  such  experiments  seems  rather  difficult  to 
reconcile  with  the  experience  of  Luigi  Cornaro,  the  Venetian 
reformer,  who  managed  to  outlive  all  his  cousins  and  school- 
mates, and  ascribed  his  success  to  the  mathematical  regu- 
larity of  his  bill  of  fare,  which,  during  the  last  sixty  years 
of  his  self-denying  existence,  had  been  limited  to  twelve 
ounces  of  solid  food  and  fourteen  ounces  of  fluids — wine 


• 

HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY.  71 

chiefly,  a  beverage  which  the  Soudanese  emir  would  have 
rejected  with  a  snort  of  virtuous  horror.  Dr.  Virchow, 
though  by  no  means  an  advocate  of  total  abstinence,  ad- 
mits that  the  longevity  of  the  Semitic  desert-dwellers  can 
be  explained  only  by  their  caution  in  the  use  of  stimulants 
— a  virtue  which  in  their  case  would,  indeed,  appear  to 
offset  an  unusual  number  of  circumstantial  disadvantages — 
thirst,  fiery  suns,  and  h'ery  passions  being  decidedly  uupro- 
pitious  to  length  of  life. 

"And  here,  at  last,  we  may  strike  a  bit  of  terra  firma  in 
the  quicksands  of  speculative  hygiene.  'Take  a  hundred 
different  animals.'  says  the  sanitarian  Schrodt,  and  you 
will  find  them  to  prefer  a  hundred  different  sorts  of  solid 
food,  but  they  all  drink  milk  in  infancy,  and  afterward 
water;  and  considering  the  infinite  variety  of  comestibles  a 
healthy  human  stomach  contrives  to  digest,  we  might  very 
well  agree  to  deserve  that  privilege  by  limiting  the  variety 
of  our  beverages.'  Instinct  certainly  abhors*  the  first 
taste  of  alcoholic  liquors,  and  statistics  prove  that  in  all 
climes  and  among  all  nations  the  disease-resisting  power  of 
the  human  organism  is  diminished  by  the  habitual  use  of 
toxic  stimulants.  Mohammed,  Buddha,  and  Zoroaster 
agree  on  that  point,  and  the  esoteric  teachings  of  Pytha- 
goras may  have  qualified  his  rather  fanciful  objections  to 
grape-juice  by  the  practical  hope  of  longevity.  A  complete 
list  of  infallible  prescriptions  for  the  prolongation  of  human 
life  would  fill  a  voluminous  book,  and  would  include  some 
decidedly  curious  specifics.  'To  what  do  you  ascribe  your 
hale  old  age?'  the  Emperor  Augustus  asked  a  centenarian 
whom  he  found  wrestling  in  the  pakestrci  and  bandying 
jokes  with  the  young  athletes.  '  Intus  mulso,  foris  olco,' 
said  the  old  fellow — 'Oil for  the  skin  and  mead  [water  and 
honey]  for  the  inner  man.'  Cardanus  suggests  that  old  age 
might  be  indefinitely  postponed  by  a  semi-fluid  diet  warmed 
(like  mothers'  milk)  to  the  exact  temperature  of  the  human 
system;  and  Voltaire  accuses  his  rival  Maupertuis  of  hav- 
ing hoped  to  attain  a  similar  result  by  varnishing  his  hide 
with  a  sort  of  resinous  paint  (un  poix  rfeineux)  that  would 
prevent  the  vital  strength  from  evaporating  by  exhalation. 


70  HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

Robert  Burton  recommends  '  oil  of  unaphar  and  dor- 
mouse fat ; '  Paracelsus;  rectified  spirits  of  alcohol;  Horace, 
olives  and  marsh-mallows.  Dr.  Zimmerman,  the  medical 
adviser  of  Frederick  the  Great,  sums  up  the  'Art  of  Lon- 
gevity' in  the  following  words:  'Temperate  habits,  out- 
door exercise,  and  steady  industry,  sweetened  'by  occasional 
festivals.'" 

"The  increasing  longevity  of  man  is  attracting  consider- 
able attention  from  collectors  of  statistics,  and  some  curious 
facts  are  being  elicited.  According  to  the  last  census,  10 
per  cent  of  the  people  who  died  between  1870  and  1880  had 
outlived  the  traditional  three-score  years  and  ten,  whereas 
of  the  deaths  between  1840  and  1850,  only  7.47  per  cent 
were  of  persons  of  that  age.  In  1850, 16.90  per  cent  of  the 
deaths  were  of  children  under  one  year  of  age;  in  1880,  the 
proportion  was  23.24,  showing  a  smaller  percentage  of 
deaths  among  adults.  The  average  length  of  life  in  En- 
gland 300  years  ago  was  only  twenty  years.  In  France  the 
average  length  of  life,  under  Louis  XVIII.,  was  twenty- 
eight  years.  Actuaries  are  figuring  that  within  the  past 
half-century  the  average  length  of  life  has  greatly  increased." 

"A  study  of  this  subject  is  impeded  by  the  tendency  of 
almost  everyone  to  generalize  from  individual  examples 
within  his  own  observation.  This  is  almost  sure  to  be  mis- 
leading, because  no  one's  acquaintance  is  so  large  that  it 
embraces  factors  enough  to  base  a  theory  on.  People  say 
that  life  is  longer  than  it  used  to  be,  because  Palmerston 
rode  to  hounds  at  82,  and  Peter  Cooper  and  the  Emperor 
William  were  intellectually  vigorous  at  over  91.  They  for- 
get that  Marino  Faliero  was  over  80  when  he  concocted  his 
plot,  and  that  the  blind  Dodge  Dandolo  was  84  when  he 
took  Constantinople.  Every  age  has  produced  a  few  long- 
lived  men,  and  here  and  there  a  centenarian." 

"The  question  of  importance  is  not  whether  this  age  is 
yielding  more  centenarians  than  former  ages,  but  whether, 
on  the  average,  the  age  of  man  is  longer  than  it  \vas,  and  if 
so,  how  much  longer?  The  grounds  for  an  increased  lon- 
gevity— better  doctors  and  more  of  them,  better  drainage, 
more  wholesome  food,  wiser  habits,  and  better  facilities  for 


HEALTH,    HAPPINESS  AND   LONGEVITY.  73 

securing  change  of  air — justify  the  belief  that  life  is  length- 
ening, to  what  degree  it  is  hard  to  say.  M.  Flourens,  who 
had- made  a  life  study  of  the  subject,  said  that  every  man 
ought  to  live  to  be  a  hundred,  if  he  took  care  of  himself." 
"In  a  number  of  the  Popular  Science  Monthly  is  an  arti- 
cle by  Clement  Milton  Hammond  on  the  prolongation  of  hu- 
man life  that  is  interesting  both  in  the  way  of  being  readable 
and  as  based  on  returns  as  to  an  unusually  large  number  of 
per.-ons  above  eighty  years  of  aire.  The  facts  were  obtained 
£y  sending  out  5,000  blanks  to  be  filled.  They  were  sent 
through  New  England  only  and  were  intended  to  cover  per- 
sonal history  and  hereditary  influence.  Over  3,500  of  the 
blanks  were  filled  out  and  returned.  They  show  that  less 
than  5  per  cent  remained  unmarried  through  life,  the  un- 
married women  being  three  times  as  numerous  as  the  un- 
married men.  The  average  number  of  children  was  five. 
Five  out  of  six  of  the  old  people  had  light  complexions,  blue 
or  gray  eyes,  and  abundant  brown  hair.  The  men  were 
generally  tall  and  ranged  in  weight  from  100  to  160  pounds, 
with  a  lew  of  200  pounds,  and  the  women  of  medium  size, 
weighing  from  100  to  120  pounds,  with  some  exceptional 
cases  up  to  180  pounds.  The  men  were  generally  bony  and 
muscular,  and  the  women  the  opposite.  At  the  time  of 
record  the  hair  was  generally  thick,  the  teeth  poor  or  en- 
tirely gone,  the  skin  only  slightly  wrinkled.  Generally 
their  habits  of  eating  and  sleeping  have  been  conspicuously 
regular.  They  have  as  a  rule  adhered  to  one  occupation 
through  life,  and  of  the  1,000  men  4G1  were  farmers.  Few 
have  used  alcoholic  drink  stronger  than  cider.  A  large 
majority  of  the  men  used  tobacco.  The  average  age  of  the 
parents  and  grandparents  of  the  persons  reported  on  was 
about  sixty-live.  The  average  time  of  sleei)  was  about 
ei^ht  hours." 

Dr.  Maurice  advances  some  staunch  ideas  on  old  age: — 
"  Do  poor  people  live  longer  than  the  affluent?  There 
arc  so  many  more  poor  in  the  world  than  there  are  rich  that 
we  can  be  sure  of  finding  more  poor  old  people.  Probably 
excessive  wealth  is  a  burden  sure  to  exhaust  its  possessor 
in  the  care  of  it.  Our  millionaires,  however,  are  men  for 


74  HEALTH,  HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

the  most  part  who  began  poor  and  were  possessed  of  tena- 
cious vitality,  that  is,  with  a  grip  on  other  things  as  strong 
as  on  the  money  bags.  Professor  Humphrey's  '  Report  on 
Age  of  Persons 'gives  us  824  persons,  of  both  sexes,  of  whom 
about  half  were  poor  and  the  rest  at  least  in  good  circum- 
stances, 10  per  cent  only  being  possessed  of  wealth.  The 
real  truth  seems  to  be  that  poverty,  with  an  iron  constitu- 
tion and  sound  nerves,  is  most  likely  to  produce  an  instance 
of  extreme  age;  but  the  possession  of  the  comforts  and  amen- 
ities of  life  produces  by  far  the  best  average  of  ages.  The 
average  age  of  the  middle  classes  has  always  surpassed  that 
of  others ;  but  at  present  sanitation  forces  on  the  poor  so 
many  provisions  against  disease  that  they  are  saved  from  their 
former  high  death-rate,  and  brought  quite  near  the  privately 
better-bred  and  furnished  class. 

"There  has  certainly  been  long  sustained,  in  pro  verbs  and 
otherwise,  a  conviction  that  early  rising  and  early  retiring 
have  much  to  do  with  prolonged  vitality.  Franklin  insisted 
on  it  vigorously.  Lord  Mansfield,  also,  held  it  to  be  an  im- 
portant item  in  his  sustained  vigor  to  near  nmety.  I  am  in- 
clined to  believe  that  the  estimate  is  not  erroneous.  We 
are  far  more  the  creatures  of  habit  than  we  generally  allow. 
At  certain  moments  we  become  regularly  hungry,  regularly 
sleepy,  and  so  with  all  other  functions.  It  is  wise  beyond 
doubt  to  recognize  this  fact  and  never  break  our  habits, 
that  is,  our  useful  habits.  But  beyond  this,  there  are 
certain  habits  dependent  on  cosmical  causes,  such  as  move- 
ments of  the  sun.  Our  natural  rest  would  seem  to  be  prop- 
erly conformed,  in  the  main,  to  the  appearance  and  disap- 
pearance of  daylight. 

"But  after  we  have  fairly  and  fully  considered  the  subject, 
there  remains  the  one  fact  that  idleness  will  end  life  sooner 
than  any  other  cause.  The  hour  that  any  person  retires 
from  any  and  all  occupation  he  is  sure  to  drop  into  deca- 
dence. The  mind  is  very  sure  to  begin  to  lose  its  clearness 
when  it  is  withdrawn  from  regular  exercise.  Both  brain 
and  muscular  power  lapse  with  lack  of  activity.  The 
custom  of  working  excessively  till  sixty-five  or  seventy, 
and  then  withdrawing  from  business,  is  wrong  at  both  ends. 


HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND   LONGEVITY.  75 

We  crowd  life  at  the  beginning,  and  let  its  functioning  grow 
I  torpid  at  the  close.  Much  is  lost  to  age  by  our  modern 
methods  of  locomotion.  Great  walkers  are  scarce;  there  is 
almost  a  total  lack  of  horse-back  exercise.  Carriage-riding 
over  smooth  roads  in  no  way  compensates." 

Perhaps  there  is  nothing  that  prolongs  life  more  than 
genial,  hearty  laughter.  William  Matthews  says  "that 
there  is  not  a  remote  corner  or  little  inlet  of  the  mi- 
nute blood-vessels  of  the  human  body  that  does  not  feel 
some  wavelet  from  the  great  convulsion  caused  by  hearty 
laughter  shaking  the  central  man.  Not  only  does  the 
blood  move  more  quickly  than  it  is  wont,  but  its  chemical  or 
electric  condition  is  distinctly  modified,  and  it  conveys  a 
different  impression  to  the  organs  of  the  body,  as  it  visits 
thorn  on  that  particular  mystic  journey  when  the  man  laughs, 
from  what  it  does  at  other  times.  A  genial,  hearty  laugh, 
therefore,  prolongs  life,  by  conveying  a  distinct  and  addi- 
tional stimulus  to  the  vital  forces.  Best  of  all,  it  has  no  re- 
morse in  it.  It  leaves  no  sting,  except  in  the  sides,  and 
that  goes  off.  Cicero  thought  so  highly  of  it  that  he  com- 
plained bitterly  at  one  time  that  his  fellow-citizens  had  all 
forgotten  to  laugh  :  Civem  mehercule  non  puto  esse  qui  his 
temporibus  rider e  possit.  Titus,  the  Roman  emperor, 
thought  he  hud  lost  a  day  if  he  had  passed  it  without 
laughing.  What  a  world  would  this  be  without  laughter ! 
To  what  a  dreary,  dismal  complexion  should  we  all  come  at 
last,  were  all  fun  and  cachination  expurged  from  our  solemn 
and  scientific  planet!  Care  would  soon  overwhelm  us;  the 
heart  would  corrode ;  the  river  of  life  would  be  like  the 
lake  of  the  Dismal  Swamp ;  we  should  begin  our  career 
with  a  sigh,  and  end  it  with  a  groan ;  while  cadaverous 
faces,  and  words  to  the  tune  of  'The  Dead  March  in  Saul,' 
would  make  up  the  whole  interlude  of  our  existence." 

"Hume,  the  historian,  in  examining  a  French  manuscript 
containing  accounts  of  some  private  disbursements  of  King 
Edward  II.  of  England,  found,  among  others,  one  item  of  a 
crown  paid  to  somebody  for  making  the  king  laugh.  Could 
one  conceive  of  a  wiser  investment?  Perhaps  by  paying 
one  crown  Edward  saved  another.  *  The  most  utterly  lost 


76  HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND   LONGEVITY. 

of  all  days/  says  Charnfort,  '  is  that  on  which  you  have  not 
once  laughed.'  Even  that  grimmest  and  most  saturnine  of 
men,  who,  though  he  made  others  roar  with  merriment,  was 
never  known  to  smile,  and  who  died  '  in  a  rage,  like  a  poi- 
soned rat  in  a  hole  ' — Dean  Swift — has  called  laughter  'the 
most  innocent  of  all  diuretics.'  Yet  the  philosopher  of  Con- 
cord, R.  W.  Emerson,  is  reported  as  having  said  in  a  lect- 
ure :  '  Laughter  is  to  be  avoided.  Lord  Chesterfield  said 
that  after  he  had  come  to  the  years  of  understanding  he 
never  laughed.'  Lord  Chesterfield  would  have  had  far 
more  influence  if,  instead  of  repressing  every  inclination  to 
laugh,  he  had  now  and  then  given  his  ribs  a  holiday — nay, 
if  he  had  even  roared  outright;  for  it  would  have  disabused 
the  public  of  the  notion  that  he  never  obeyed  a  natural  im- 
pulse, but  that  everything  he  said  and  did  was  prestudied 
— done  by  square,  rule,  and  compass.  As  it  was,  though 
he  was  confessedly  the  politest,  best-bred,  most  insinuating 
man  at  court,  yet  he  was  regularly  and  invariably  out- 
flanked and  out-maneuvered  by  Sir  Robert  Walpole,  who 
had  the  heartiest  laugh  in  the  kingdom,  and  by  the  Duke 
of  Newcastle,  who  had  the  worst  manners  in  the  world. 
In  commending  laughter,  we  mean  genuine  laughter,  not 
a  make-believe,  not  the  artificial  or  falsetto  laugh  of  fash- 
ionable society,  nor>  again,  the  mere  smile  of  acquiescent 
politeness,  or  the  crackling  of  thorns  under  a  pot,  or  the 
curl  of  the  lips  that  indicates  in  the  laughter  a  belief  in  his 
fancied  superiority.  Still  less  do  we  mean  the  hollow, 
mocking  laugh  of  the  cynic.  The  laughter  which  we  would 
commend  as  healthful  is  not  bitter,  but  kindly,  genial,  and 
sympathetic/'' 

No  PHYSIOLOGICAL  REASON  FOR  DEATH. — "  Dr.  William 
A.  Hammond,  a  prominent  physician  of  New  York,  who 
has  written  several  medical  treatises,  and  was  some  years 
ago  Surgeon-General  of  the  United  States  Army,  has  re- 
cently set  forth  his  belief  that  there  is  no  physiological  rea- 
son at  the  present  day  why  man  should  die.  He  maintains 
that  people  die  through  the  ignorance  of  the  laws  which 
govern  their  existence,  and  from  their  inability,  or  indispo- 


ITEAT.Tir.    HAPPINESS    AND   LONGEVITY  77 

sition,  to  attend  to  those  laws  with  which  they  are  acquainted. 
Now,  as  the  business  of  medical  men  has  ostensibly  been  for 
the  last  four  thousand  years  to  prolong  human  life,  and  as 
Dr.  Hammond  affirms  that  there  is  no  good  reason  why 
people  should  die,  the  wonder  is  why  men  of  his  school  have 
not  drawn  up  some  formula  by  which  they  could  live  on  for 
three  or  four  thousand  years,  at  least.  There  has  always 
been  a  vague  impression  that  the  knowledge  of  the  preser- 
vation of  human  life  had  been  lost,  and  that  in  some  favored 
era  of  the  world's  history  that  knowledge  would  be  recovered. 

"  If  there  is  such  a  thing  as  a  hidden  law  of  life,  which, 
when  discovered  and  asserted,  will  arrest  physical  decay  and 
prevent  death,  except  by  accident,  Doctor  Hammond,  and 
all  who  hold  to  his  doctrine,  ought  to  lose  no  time  in  mak- 
ing it  known.  This  medical  authority  reasons  that,  as  the 
human  body  is  constantly  dying  and  constantly  renewing 
its  particles,  this  law  of  displacement  and  renewal  ought  to 
be  perpetual,  and  that  when  it  is  discovered  just  what  sub- 
stances are  best  fitted  to  maintain  this  equipoise,  as  it  were, 
there  should  be  no  giving  out  of  the  physical  powers. 

" '  The  food  that  man  takes  into  his  stomach/  says  Doctor 
Hammond,  'ought  to  be  of  such  quantity  and  quality  as 
would  exactly  repair  the  losses  which,  through  the  action  of 
the  several  organs,  his  body  is  to  undergo.  If  it  is  excess- 
ive in  either  of  these  directions,  or  if  it  is  deficient,  disease  of 
some  kind  will  certainly  be  the  result.  If  he  knew  enough 
to  be  able  to  adjust  his  daily  food  to  the  expected  daily  re- 
quirements of  his  system,  disease  could  never  ensue  through 
the  exhaustion  of  any  one  of  his  vital  organs.  A  large  major- 
ity of  the  morbid  affections  to  which  he  is  subject  are  due 
to  a  lack  of  this  knowledge. 

" '  Now,  suppose  that  he  is  exactly  right  in  his  calculations, 
and  that  the  food  taken  is  neither  too  great  nor  too  little, 
but  exactly  compensates  the  anticipated  losses,  the  death  of 
each  cell  in  the  brain,  or  the  heart,  or  the  muscles,  etc.,  will 
be  followed  by  the  birth  of  a  new  cell,  which  will  take  its 
place  and  assume  its  functions.  Gout,  rheumatism,  liver 
and  kidney  diseases,  heart  affections,  softening  and  other 
destructive  disorders  of  the  brain,  the  various  morbid  oondi- 


78  HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

tions  to  which  the  digestive  organs  are  subject,  would  be 
impossible  except  through  the  action  of  some  external  force, 
such  as  the  swallowing  of  sulphuric  acid,  or  a  blow  on  the 
head,  or  a  stab  with  a  knife,  which  would  come  clearly  within 
the  class  of  accidents,  and  of  course  many  of  these  would 
be  avoidable.' 

uDr.  Hammond's  theory  supposes  that  the  time  will  come 
when  the  individual  will  have  learned  the  uttermost  thing 
about  the  laws  of  life,  and  when  he  will  conform  so  strictly 
to  these  laws  that  he  will  have  nothing  more  to  learn  in  re- 
gard to  the  best  way  of  living.  It  may  require  ages  for  this 
progress,  but  when  it  is  attained,  and  the  race  is  set  free 
from  all  morbific  influences,  physical  death  would  be  im- 
possible. The  summary  of  his  points  is  that  'people  die 
from  ignorance  of  the  laws  of  life ;  and  from  willfulness  in. 
not  obeying  the  laws  they  know.'  That  may  be  a  part  of 
the  truth  which  is  very  near  the  surface.  But  the  other 
demonstration  is  not  quite  so  clear  as  could  be  wished — that 
there  can  be  any  such  thing  as  an  eternity  of  physical  life, 
even  if  all  the  laws  touching  that  life  were  known  and  every 
one  of  them  obeyed." 


HEALTH,    HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 


PART  II. 
CHAPTER    I. 

DISEASES  AND  REMEDIES;    HOW  TO  PREVENT  MOST 
MALADIES  AND  CURE  ILLS  POSSESSED. 

NOTE. — If  the  reader  is  in  haste  to  know  what  will  cure 
this  or  that  trouble,  before  perusing  the  pages  of  this  entire 
pamphlet,  such  as  cramp,  colic,  indigestion,  constipation, 
headache,  etc.,  the  index  found  in  the  back  part  of  this 
work  will  give  immediate  reference,  and  the  prescriptions 
instant  relief.  If  you  are  cured  thereby  of  any  of  the  many 
maladies  that  beset  the  human  family,  remember  that  it  is 
only  temporary;  for  to  be  cured  of  any  disease  permanently 
requires  the  removal  of  the  cause.  One  of  the  objects  of 
this  book  is  to  convey  that  information. 

The  great  disparity  between  the  actions  and  teachings  of 
many  of  our  principal  writers  must  be  apparent  to  every 
reader  of  books,  pamphlets,  and  editorials,  upon  the  subject 
of  health  and  its  allies,  happiness  and  longevity.  Many  of 
the  leading  exponents  of  temperance  have  periodical  spells 
of  drunkenness,  and  some  drink  all  the  time.  The  promi- 
nent articles  written  upon  the  subject  of  sanitary  matters 
and  cleanliness,  are  generally  by  the  editor  whose  office  is 
the  scene  of  disorder,  the  floor  covered  with  tobacco  quids, 
old  rubbish  and  dust,  and  the  corners  filled  with  cobwebs. 
The  writer  upon  the  subject  of  poverty  and  the  wrongs 
of  the  poor,  has  his  headquarters  fitted  up  in  the  most 
magnificent  style; — he  never  knew  what  it  was  to  want 
for  a  meal,  nor  did  he  ever  darken  the  door  of  real  pov- 
erty. The  missionary  advocate  soliciting  funds  for  the 
heathen  and  down-trodden  poor  of  foreign  lauds,  more  than 


8Q  HEALTH,    HAPPINESS  AND   LONGEVITY. 

likely  never  crossed  the  borders  of  his  own  State,  certainly 
has  not  taken  a  stroll  through  the  dark  lanes  and  alleys,  or 
climbed  the  dingy  stairways  of  the  tenement  houses  of  his 
own  city.  If  he  had  done  so,  a  more  effective  appeal  would 
have  gone  up  for  the  suffering  poor  and  spiritually  blind 
of  the  principal  unsanitary  municipalities  of  his  own  coun- 
try. The  physician  with  a  bad  cough  and  broken-down 
constitution  is  still  prescribing  for  consumptives  and  pa- 
tients with  all  manner  of  aches  and  pains,  of  which  his  own 
body  is  a  perfect  index. 

And  the  minister  who  has  not  yet  lost  all  his  hatred  for 
u  that  other  sect,"  and  occasionally  assists  in  persecuting  it, 
is  still  teaching  the  doctrine  of  the  meek  and  lowly  Naza- 
rene.  Having  experienced  a  large  number  of  diseases  and 
their  successful  remedies,  we  have  for  several  years  been 
collecting  the  most  reliable  data  and  testimony  on  many 
— in  short  most — of  mankind's  bodily  ills.  In  this  second 
part  we  present  them  for  your  benefit. 

There  are  about  11,000  remedies  mentioned  in  the  15th 
edition  of  the  "  United  States  Dispensatory,"  by  reference 
to  which  it  will  be  seen  that  each  affliction  to  which  flesh 
is  heir  must  be  more  than  well  drugged.  It  is  the  fault  of 
the  community  at  large  that  the  necessity  of  such  a  work 
exists.  There  is  no  demand  for  any  form  of  disease  even 
with  the  improper  state1  of  society  as  it  is  to-day.  Extreme 
old  age  and  a  limited  number  of  accidents  are  all  that  can 
be  necessary  to  record.  The  following  is  an  admirable 
article  from  the  St.  Louis  Globe  Democrat,  which  is  quite 
pertinent. 

"  SANITATION  AND  SANITY. — The  general  subject  of  sani- 
tation now  covers  our  architecture  and  our  home  life;  our 
sewerage  and  disposition  of  waste;  our  personal  cleanliness 
and  contact  in  all  social  relations;  our  food  and  drink, 
both  as  to  quality  and  kind ;  quarantine  and  other  preven- 
tives against  contagion  and  infection;  the  purification  of 
streams,  and  the  cleansing  of  the  air  of  smoke  and  foul  va- 
pors ;  in  fact,  the  whole  subject  of  health  or  wholeness.  %  5J;  % 
A  national  board  of  health  was  as  unthought  of  as  was  an 
Atlantic  cable  in  1800.  But  the  fact  that  great  epidemics 


HEALTH.  HAPPIXEFS  AND  LONGEVITY.  gl 

were  liable  to  invade  us,  and  did  invade  us,  led  to  a  system 
of  quarantine  and  to  enforced  vaccination.  But  the  regu- 
lation by  law  of  our  social  manners,  so  far  as  they  bore  on 
public  health,  was  not  undertaken  to  any  extent  until  within 
the  past  decade.  ^  ^  ^  Indeed,  public  sentiment  is  as  yet 
so  uninformed  that  thorough  laws  in  the  case  could  not  be 
enacted  or  enforced.  There  is  not  a  stream  in  the  United 
States  that  can  be  kept  entirely  free  from  pollution.  The 
sanitary  value  of  this  is  not  understood  by  even  the  intel- 
ligent populace.  The  drainage  of  swamps  is  neglected  in 
the  neighborhood  of  our  larger  cities."  "  St.  Louis  has  toler- 
ated inside  her  limits  pools  that  have  made  fevers  of  a  ma- 
larious sort,  with  spinal  meningitis,  as  common  as  croup. 
Chicago  has  acres  of  rotting  vegetable  matter  inside  the 
corporation  every  autumn.  The  inroads  of  yellow  fever 
have  always  been  invited  by  the  unsanitary  condition  of 
Southern  towns.  The  reports  of  Surgeon-General  Hamil- 
ton, last  summer,  showed  that  the  pest  found  its  first 
welcome  in  a  town  where  sewerage  was  wholly  neglected, 
and  tons  of  rotting  sawdust  and  refuse  filled  the  heated  air 
with  fever  conditions. 

"  The  discovery  of  the  germ  origin  of  diphtheria  and  of 

the  typhoid  forms  of  fever,  has  led  to  great  changes  in  thou- 

I  sands  of  households.     Our  houses  are  constructed  with  far 

'more  attention  to  ventilation  and  proper  heating.    We  shall 

finally  get  rid  of  drunkenness  and  intemperance  of  other 

(sorts,  on  sanitary  grounds  mainly.     Alcohol  has  been  con- 

isidered  as  at  least  valuable  in   moderation.     It  has  been 

•looked  upon  as  a  medicine.     That  its  value  as  a  stimulant 

I  hangs  on  the  previous  abuse  of  health  is  now  understood, 

land  its  value  purely  as  a  very  temporary  bridging  of  weak- 

ness alone  is  conceded.     That  the  drink  habit  is  in  any 

sense,  however  moderate,  of  sanitary  value,  is  disproved, 

Few  doctors  prescribe  any  form  of  alcohol  for  habitual  use. 

The  saloon  is  unsanitary  in  all  its  effects.     The  temperance 

issue  res's  at  that  point.     Animals  to  which  spirits  have 

been  given  in  their  food  digest  nearly  one-half  less  than 

other  animals  of  the  kind.     The  nutrition  of  the  human 

body  demands  the  abolition   of  stimulants  and   narcotics. 

-  ,  6. 


-  : 


£2  HEALTH,    HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

The  saloon  will  go  ultimately  as  a  nuisance  to  health.  We 
have  not  yet  reached  a  condition  when  public  morals  can 
rest  on  any  other  basis  than  health.  It  is  doubtful  i  f  there 
can  be  a  higher  basis.  What  is  unwholesome  is  wrong; 
what  is  promotive  of  health  and  completeness  for  the  indi- 
vidual and  for  the  community  is  right. 

"  Sanity  is  dependent  on  sanitary  living.  They  both  are 
derived  etymologically  from  sanitus,  and  that  from  sanus, 
the  Latin  for  sound  or  whole.  Insanity  has  come  to  have  the 
limited  meaningofunsoundness  of  brain.  ^  ^  ^  Insanity 
is  on  the  increase  in  the  United  States,  but  not  more  so  than 
nervous  disorders  in  general.  This  indicates  a  tendency  to 
a  break-down  of  the  national  type  of  organism,  and  cannot 
be  considered  with  indifference.  The  fact  exists  as  a  conse- 
quence of  the  overwork  and  high  pressure  of  modern  life, 
but  in  this  country  is  at  its  maximum,  because,  for  several 
generations,  we  have  been  at  white  heat,  subjecting  a  conti- 
nent to  our  domestic  purposes. 

"  The  vast  unfolding  of  means  of  wealth  has  also  acted  as  a 
stimulant,  compared  to  which  alcohol  is  insignificant.  Our 
lunatic  asylums  multiply,  but  are  all  full.  The  percent- 
age of  failure  is  greatest  in  California,  where  speculation 
has  been  most  intense.  It  is  impossible  to  avoid  the  prob- 
lem. How  shall  we  reverse  this  tendency,  and  begin  the 
construction  of  an  American  type  of  full,  robust,  conserva- 
tive, and  reserved  energy  ?  The  underlying  problem  of  all 
problems  is  to  secure  a  constitution.  A  nation  that  lives 
and  works  in  such  a  manner  as  to  grow  weaker  in  brain 
endurance  and  nerve  power,  and  yet  so  lives  that  the  de- 
mands on  brain  and  nerves  are  increased,  is  doomed. 
The  intensity  of  modern  life  is  something  we  cannot  reverse. 
We  must  adapt  ourselves  to  it  by  securing  larger  and  more 
systematic  means  of  recuperation.  Brain-workers  must 
learn  to  use  the  first  half  of  the  day  for  work,  and  sacredly 
give  the  last  half  to  rest  and  play.  Night  must  be  given 
back  entirely  to  sleep.  Withal  it  is  clear  that  we  must 
understand  the  close  relation  between  sanity  and  sanitation. 
Our  people  can  no  longer  eat  and  drink  as  grossly  as  our 
fathers  did.  The  stomach  gets  not  half  the  time  it  formerly 


HKALTIT.    HAPPINESS   AND   LONGEVITY.  $3 

did  for  digestion.  It  must,  therefore,  be  delivered  of  half 
its  toil.  The  introduction  of  stoves  and  modern  conven- 
iences must  be  accompanied  by  more  rational  ventilation. 
Active  brains  require  a  vast  and  regular  supply  of  oxygen. 
It  is  not  for  the  lungs  alone  that  we  need  pure  air,  but  for 
the  brain.  This  is  specifically  an  American  problem,  the 
readjustment  of  society,  so  that  the  mind  shall  be  relieved 
of  strain  and  consequent  enfeeblement." 

Individual,  municipal,  and  national  cleanliness  by  enact- 
ment of  law  are  among  the  first  steps  that  should  be  taken. 
The  churches  and  schools  should  teach  it  as  a  prerequisite  be- 
ifodliness,  or  education  in  general;  then  with  perfect 
ventilation,  sanitation,  and  regularity  of  all  the  virtues, 
there  will  be  no  vices,  and  godliness  and  education  will  be 
contagious,  just  as  though  they  were  real  diseases. 

The  first  thing  to  undertake  if  you  are  desirous  of  free- 
ng  yourself  of  any  disease,  ache,  or  pain,  is  to  stop  the 
cause.  Act  on  the  same  principle  you  would  if  you  had  a 
barrel  that  had  leaked  its  contents  and  you  desired  to  refill 
t, — first  stop  the  leak.  It  is  absolutely  necessary  that  you 
study  cause  as  well  as  effect,  if  you  would  know  yourself. 

THE  SECRET  OF  SOUND  HEALTH. — "  Half  the  secret  of 
life,"  says  MacM'dlan's  Magazine,  "  we  are  persuaded,  is  to 
knowT  when  we  are  grown  old;  and  it  is  the  half  most 
hardly  learned.  It  is  more  hardly  learned,  moreover,  in  the 
matter  of  exercise  than  in  the  matter  of  diet.  There  is  no 
advice  so  commonly  given  to  the  ailing  man  of  middle  age 
as  the  advice  to  take  more  exercise,  and  there  is  perhaps 
none  which  leads  him  into  so  many  pitfalls.  This  is  par- 
ticularly the  case  with  the  brain  workers.  The  man  who 
labors  his  brain  must  spare  his  body.  He  cannot  burn  the 
candle  at  both  ends,  and  the  attempt  to  do  so  will  almost 
inevitably  result  in  his  lighting  it  in  the  middle  to  boot. 
Most  men  who  use  their  brains  much  soon  learn  for  them- 
selves that  the  sense  of  physical  exaltation,  the  glow  of  ex- 
uberant health  which  comes  from  a  body  strung  to  its  full 
powers  by  continuous  and  severe  exercise,  is  not  favorable 
to  study.  The  exercise  such  men  need  is  the  exercise  that 
rests,  not  that  which  tires.  They  need  to  wash  their  brains 


34  HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

with  the  fresh  air  of  heaven,  to  bring  into  gentle  play  the 
muscles  that  have  been  lying  idle  while  the  head  worked. 
Nor  is  it  only  to  this  class  of  laboring  humanity  that  the 
advice  to  take  exercise  needs  reservations.  The  time  of 
violent  delights  soon  passes,  and  the  effort  to  protract  it 
beyond  its  natural  span  is  as  dangerous  as  it  is  ridiculous. 
Some  men,  through  nature  or  the  accident  of  fortune,  will, 
of  course,  be  able  to  keep  touch  of  it  longer  than  others; 
but  when  once  the  touch  has  been  lost,  the  struggle  to  re- 
gain it  can  add  but  sorrow  to  the  labor.  Of  this  our  doc- 
tor makes  a  cardinal  point ;  but,  pertinent  as  his  warning 
may  be  to  the  old,  for  whom,  indeed,  he  has  primarily  com- 
pounded his  elixir  mice,  it  is  yet  more  pertinent  to  men  of 
middle  age,  and  probably  it  is  more  necessary.  It  is  in  the 
latter  period  that  most  of  the  mischief  is  done.  The  old 
are  commonly  resigned  to  their  lot;  but  few  men  will  con- 
sent without  a  struggle  to  own  that  they  are  no  longer 
young.  All  things  are  not  good  to  all  men,  and  all  things 
are  not  always  good  to  the  same  man.  The  man  who  con- 
fines his  studies  within  one  unchanging  groove  will  hardly 
find  his  intellectual  condition  so  light  and  nimble,  so  free 
of  play,  so  capable  of  giving  and  receiving,  as  he  who 
varies  them  according  to  his  mood,  for  the  mind  needs  rest 
and  recreation  no  less  than  the  body ;  it  is  not  well  to  keep 
either  always  at  high  pressure.  One  fixed,  unswerving 
system  of  diet,  without  regard  to  needs  and  seasons,  or  even 
to  fancy,  is  not  wise.  The  great  secret  of  existence  after 
all  is  to  be  the  master  and  not  the  slave  of  both  mind  and 
body,  and  that  is  best  done  by  giving  both  free  rein  within 
certain  limits,  which,  as  the  old  sages  were  universally 
agreed,  each  man  must  discover  for  himself.  Happy  are 
the  words  of  Addison,  and  happily  quoted :  "  A  continual 
anxiety  for  life  vitiates  all  the  relishes  of  it,  and  casts  a 
gloom  over  the  whole  face  of  nature,  as  it  is  impossible 
that  we  should  take  delight  in  anything  that  we  are  every 
moment  afraid  of  losing."  One  of  the  best  methods  of 
avoiding  that  pitiful  anxiety  is  to  learn  within  what  limits 
we  may  safely  indulge  our  desire  for  change,  and  then 
freely  indulge  it  within  tkeaou" 


HEALTH.    HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY.  85 

CHAPTER    II. 

We  shall  now  take  up  a  practical  list  of  subjects,  ar- 
ranged in  alphabetical  order.  Without  any  attempt  at 
egotism,  we  claim  that  there  are  few  nontechnical  books 
extant  that  contain  a  superior  selection  of  preventatives  and 
remedies.  Read  carefully  and  judge  for  yourself.  There 
are  very  few  common  or  occasional  afflictions  which  are  not 
considered  to  some  extent.  Why  always  seek  a  doctor  when 
you  seem  to  be  somewhat  off  your  physical  equilibrium  ? 
You  will  generally  at  each  visit  spend  more  money  than 
this  book  will  cost.  Learn  to  provide  against  constant 
medical  attention. 

Accidents. — In  sudden  emergencies,  either  of  accident 
or  sickness,  the  first  great  requisite  is  presence  of  mind.  Be 
calm.  Endeavor,  if  possible,  to  grasp  the  situation,  and 
do  what  is  to  be  done  promptly  and  quietly,  until  the  ar- 
rival of  the  physician.  All  hurried  and  distracted  mo- 
tions, and  all  exciting  noises,  confuse  the  attendants  and 
needlessly  alarm  the  sufferer.  In  many  cases,  the  course  of 
immediate  action  is  suggested  by  the  circumstances ;  but 
where  you  do  not  know  what  aid  to  render,  it  is  best  to  do 
nothing,  except  to  make  the  patient  as  comfortable,  for  the 
time  being,  as  possible.  For  all  ordinary  emergencies,  am- 
ple directions  are: — 

"1.  Always  look  in  the  direction  in  which  you  are  mov- 
ing. 

"  2.  Never  leave  a  car,  or  other  public  vehicle,  when  it 
is  in  motion. 

"  3.  Never  put  your  head  or  arms  out  of  a  vehicle  when 
it  is  in  motion. 

"  4.  If  a  horse  runs  away  with  you,  remain  in  the  vehicle 
rather  than  risk  the  danger  of  jumping  from  it. 

"5.  In  thunder-storms  keep  away  from  trees,  metallic1 
substances,  doors,  and  windows.  The  lower  part  of  a  house 
is  the  safer. 

"6.  Never  play  with  fire-arms.  Always  keep  them  be- 
yond the  reach  of  children. 


gg  HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

"  7.  Avoid  charcoal  fumes ;  they  are  deadly  when  con- 
fined in  a  close  room. 

"8.  Illuminating  gas;  be  sure  to  turn  it  off    Never  blow 
it  out. 

"  9.  When  ga?  can  be  smelt  in  an  apartment  always  air 
the  room  well  before  striking  a  match  or  bringing  a  light. 

"10.  When  very  cold,  move  quickly.  If  any  part  of 
the  body  is  frozen,  rub  it  with  snow,  and  keep  from  the  fire. 

"11.  Change  wet  clothing  as  soon  as  possible. 

"12.  Carefully  avoid  exposure  to  night  air,  in  malarial 
districts. 

"  13.  If  necessary  to  go  into  an  old  vault  or  well,  first 
introduce  a  burning  candle.  If  the  light  burns  low  and 
finally  goes  out,  carbonic  acid  gas  is  present  and  the  place 
is  unsafe,  to  enter.  Unslacked  lime  will  absorb  the  gas  and 
purify  the  air. 

"  14.  Avoid  walking  on  railroad  tracks  and  icy  sidewalks. 

"  15.  When  awake,  very  young  children  should  never  be 
left  alone. 

"16.  Do  not  go,  with  loose  hair  or  flowing  garments, 
near  dangerous  machinery. 

"  17.  Never  touch  gunpowder  after  dark. 

"  1 8.  Never  fondle  a  strange  dog. 

"  19.  Never  light  a  fire  with  kerosene. 

"  20.  Fill  and  trim  your  lamps  in  the  day-time.  Never 
trim  or  fill  a  lighted  lamp. 

"21.  Keep  matches  in  a  closed  metallic  box. 

"  22.  Have  your  horses  rough-shod  as  soon  as  the  ground 
freezes. 

"  23.  When  feeling  dizzy  or  seasick,  lie  down. 

tl  24.  Do  not  close  the  damper  of  your  stove  too  early. 
Better  waste  coal  than  run  the  risk  of  suffocation  by  gas. 

"  25.  When  climbing  a  ladder,  look  up  and  not  down. 

"  26.  In  railroad  traveling  take  the  center  of  the  car,  and 
the  middle  car  of  the  train,  for  safety. 

"  27.  Eat  only  pure  food,  drink  only  pure  liquids,  think 
only  pure  thoughts,  and  keep  your  blood  pure. 

"  28.  In  going  through  dry  woods  or  over  prairies  do  not 


HEALTH,    HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY.  87 

smoke  or  cast  matches  about  carelessly.  There  should  be 
laws  against  this  often  wanton  destruction  of  property. 

"  29.  Look  out  for  spontaneous  ignition  of  oily  rags,  oil- 
painted  canvas  rolled  up,  wet  iron  filings. 

"  30.  In  entering  mines  not  used,  always  try  for  gas  be- 
fore venturing  into  them. 

"31.  Do  not  be  careless  in  any  way  whatever  in  connec- 
tion with  fire.  The  losses  in  the  United  States,  in  1889,  by 
fires  as  a  result  of  carelessness  amounted  to  nearly  $100,- 
000,000,  while  in  San  Francisco  for  the  same  year  we  find 
that  fully  80^  of  the  losses  can  be  attributed  to  the  same 
source." 

Alcohol. — Felix  L.  Oswald,  M.  D.,  gives  some  very 
good  ideas  in  Good  Health  on  the  alcoholic  habit.  "'Re- 
form,' says  an  able  political  writer,  'is  ever  unpopular. 
All  wrongs  lie  in  the  consent  of  the  wronged,  and  what 
with  the  fierce  support  of  those  who  thrive  on  the  abuse, 
and  the  dull,  heavy,  ignorant  conservatism  of  the  masses, 
*  *  *  it  is  a  sad  delusion  to  suppose  that  the  cause  is 
won  when  the  argument  is  made.'  An  unquestionable 
preponderance  of  power,  they  argue,  favors  the  side  of  the 
liquor  venders,  and  in  this  world,  at  least,  always  finds  a 
way  to  assert  itself  as  right.  The  last  link  of  that  syllo- 
gism, however,  is  a  rule  with  occasional  exceptions.  No 
unqualified  evil  has  ever  succeeded  in  maintaining  its  su- 
premacy, and  the  evils  of  the  alcohol  vice  are  offset  by  no 
benefits.  Alcohol  has  been  called  a  '  negative  food,'  be- 
cause its  physiological  influence  torpifies  the  functional 
energy  of  the  digestive  organs,  and  thus,  for  a  time,  ren- 
ders the  toper  insensible  to  the  cravings  of  hunger.  The 
same  effect,  however,  can  be  produced  by  a  stunning  blow, 
and  we  might  as  well  claim  that  the  interests  of  political 
economy  could  be  promoted  by  a  fierce  war,  because  a 
knock-down  stroke  with  the  butt-end  of  a  musket  is  apt  to 
lessen  the  appetite  of  the  afflicted  soldier.  No  real  benefit 
can  result  from  the  lethargizing  effect  of  a  poison  dose,  the 
retardation  of  the  digestive -functions  being  in  every  case  a 
morbid  and  abnormal  process,  avenging  its  repetition  by 
the  fatty  degeneration  of  the  tissues  and  the  impoverished 


88  HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

condition  of  the  blood.  *  *  *  During  the  horrible  flood 
which  a  few  months  ago  devastated  the  two  richest  prov- 
inces of  the  Chinese  Empire,  a  number  of  vile  marauders 
eked  out  an  existence  by  fishing  out  wreckage  and  plun- 
dering floating  corpses.  The  idea  of  mentioning  the  profits 
of  these  wretches  as  a  compensating  offset  to  the  horrors  of 
a  public  calamity  would  justly  consign  its  pro  pounder  to 
the  custody  of  a  lunatic  commission.  Yet,  by  an  exactly 
analogous  line  of  argument,  many  of  our  political  econo- 
mists continue  to  defend  the  legal  sanction  of  the  liquor 
traffic.  Nay,  it  might  be  seriously  questioned  if  the  total 
loss  (by  fire  or  water)  of  a  billion  bushels  of  grain  would 
not  be  financially  and  morally  preferable  to  their  conver- 
sion into  a  life-blighting  poison.  According  to  the  statis- 
tics of  the  Treasury  Department,  the  alcohol  drinkers  of 
the  United  States  (representing  hardly  one-fifth  of  the 
alcoholized  nations  of  Christendom)  spent  during  the  last 
ten  years  a  yearly  average  of  8370,000,000  for  whisky, 
$58,000,000  for  other  distilled  liquors,  $56,000,000  for 
wine,  and  $140,000,000  for  ale  and  beer;  together,  $624,- 
000,000  a  year.  That  enormous  sum  has  been  far  worse 
than  wasted.  It  has  been  invested  in  the  purchase  of  dis- 
ease. It  has  been  devoted  to  the  development  of  idiocy, 
crime,  and  pauperism.  It  has  turned  blessings  into  a  con- 
centration of  curses.  The  general  recognition  of  these 
facts  will  seal  the  doom  of  the  liquor  traffic." 

Dr.  C.  E.  Spitka  expresses  some  results  of  science  in- 
vestigating strong  drinks : — 

"Alcoholism  among  the  ancients  was  therefore  mainly 
or  exclusively  known  in  its  acute  phases,  the  drunken 
frenzy  in  which  Alexander  the  Great  killed  Clitus  being  a 
familiar  example.  With  the  introduction  of  tobacco  and 
playing  cards,  the  saloon,  the  cellar-dive,  and  the  bar-room 
usurped  the  place  formerly  held  by  the  inn.  The  enlarge- 
ment of  cities  deprived  their  inhabitants  of  rustic  sports, 
and  led  to  their  seeking  in  other  and  more  dangerous  chan- 
nels an  escape  from  mental  and  physical  strain,  and  a  varia- 
tion of  routine  monotony.  It  is  generally  conceded  by 
those  medical  writers  who  are  unshackled  by  prejudice  that 


HEALTH,    HAPPINESS  AND    LONGEVITY.  89 

a  certain  amount  of  alcohol  can  be  ingested  with  perfect 
impunity.  That  amount  has  been  accurately  determined 
by  Dujardin-Beaumetz  in  the  course  of  experiments  made 
in  the  abattoirs  of  Paris.  Transferring  the  result  of  his 
experiments  to  the  human  species,  he  concluded  that  a  man 
weighing  120  pounds  could  take  the  equivalent  of  two 
ounces  of  alcohol  a  day  for  years  without  injury  to  any 
organ  of  the  body.  But  when  the  amount  taken  daily 
exceeds  the  toleration-point,  prolonged  abuse  is  followed  by 
results  which  are  as  sinister  as  they  are  insidious.  In  the 
dead-house  of  the  Philadelphia  Hospital,  Formad  found 
that,  of  250  chronic  alcoholists,  nearly  99  per  cent  had 
fatty  degeneration  of  the  liver,  60  per  cent  had  congestion 
or  a  dropsical  state  of  the  brain,  the  same  proportion  an 
inflamed  or  degenerated  stomach,  while  not  quite  1  per  cent 
had  normal  kidneys.  Of  17  children  of  drunken  fathers 
observed  by  Voisin,  3  were  idiots,  2  confirmed  epileptics,  1 
suffered  from  a  congenital  spinal  disease,  and  the  remainder 
died  in  early  life  with  convulsions.  Of  11  children  simi- 
larly descended,  cited  by  Dagonet,  9  died  in  the  same  way. 
Of  117  such  births  recorded  in  Alsace-Lorraine,  13  were 
still-born  and  39  died  of  convulsive  disorders  shortly  after 
birth.  One  drunken  father  had  7  still-born  children  in 
succession;  another  lost  8  of  12  by  convulsions.  It  is  not 
alone  as  a  direct  result  of  inebriety  that  a  defective  nervous 
system  is  thus  transmitted.  Even  in  his  sober  intervals,  he 
whose  nervous  system  has  been  shattered  by  alcohol  is  lia- 
ble to  have  a  degenerate  or  diseased  offspring.  Of  18 
children  recorded  as  born  under  these  circumstances,  Voisin 
found  8  epileptic  and  10  idiotic.  As  if  to  prove  beyond 
the  possibility  of  a  doubt  that  such  degeneracy  is  due  to 
the  alcoholism  of  the  parent,  and  to  that  alone,  two  French 
investigators,  Mairet  and  Combemale,  performed  a  series  of 
experiments  on  dogs,  by  which  they  showed  that  the  same 
result  which  the  chronic  inebriate  is  accused  of  producing 
in  his  offspring,  through  selfish  indulgence,  can  be  produced 
at  will  in  the  offspring  of  lower  animals  by  compulsory 
induction  of  the  same  vice  in  them." 

An  English  investigation,  just  completed,  puts  in  tangi- 


QQ  HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

ble  form  the  effect  of  the  use  of  alcohol,  from  observations 
covering  4,234  cases  in  all  walks  of  life.  This  report  shows 
that,  with  men  over  twenty-five,  the  intemperate  use  of 
alcohol  cuts  off  ten  years  from  life,  those  who  never  drink  to 
excess,  or  use  no  liquor,  living,  on  the  average,  ten  years 
longer  than  those  who  do.  Indulgence,  if  carried  to  excess, 
doubles  diseases  of  the  liver,  quadruples  those  of  the  kid- 
neys, and  greatly  increases  the  number  of  deaths  from 
pneumonia,  pleurisy,  and  epilepsy. 

It  is  not  often  appreciated  how  many  people  die  annually 
from  the  effects  of  strong  drink.  Dr.  Norman  Kerr,  an 
eminent  physician  of  England,  believing  the  statement  of 
temperance  people  to  be  extravagant,  that  60,000  people 
die  annually  from  the  effects  of  strong  drink,  began  as 
early  as  1870  a  personal  inquiry,  in  connection  with  several 
medical  men  and  experts,  expecting  to  quickly  disprove  the 
same.  According  to  their  deductions,  the  latest  estimates  of 
deaths  of  adults  annually  caused  through  intemperance  is, 
in  Great  Britain,  120,000;  in  France,  142,000;  in  the 
United  States,  80,000 — or  nearly  a  half  million  each  year 
in  three  countries  aggregating  a  population  of  112,000,000. 

Excessive  Beer  Drinking. — In  the  earlier  part  of  our 
work  we  endeavored  to  impress  on  our  readers  the  necessity 
of  regularity  and  the  avoidance  of  excesses.  The  last  week 
of  1889  in  New  York  City  saw  two  prominent  brewers  bur- 
ied, and  two  others  of  the  guild  were  near  death.  None  of 
them  were,  or  are,  over  forty-seven  years  old.  Kidney  and 
heart  disease  were  the  causes  of  death  in  the  case  of  the 
first  two.  Similar  ailments  have  marked  the  other  two 
gentlemen  for  the  grave.  The  question  arises,  Was  it  beer  or 
champagne  that  caused  these  diseases?  In  this  connection 
the  statement  a  physician  of  Bellevue  Hospital  once  made 
is  not  amiss.  These  are  his  words :  "  The  worst  cases  of 
alcoholic  ailments  coming  under  our  observation  are  those 
resulting  from  excessive  beer  drinking." 

In  appearance  the  beer  drinker  may  be  the  picture  of 
health ;  but  in  reality  he  is  most  incapable  of  resisting  dis- 
ease. A  slight  injury,  a  severe  cold,  or  a  shock  to  the  body 
or  mind,  will  commonly  provoke  acute  disease,  ending  la- 


HEALTH,    HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY.  91 

tally.  Compared  with  other  inebriates  who  use  different 
kinds  of  alcohol,  he  is  more  incurable  and  more  generally 
diseased.  It  is  our  observation  that  beer  drinking  in  this 
country  produces  the  very  lowest  kind  of  inebriety,  closely 
allied  to  criminal  insanity.  The  most  dangerous  class  of 
ruiHans  in  our  large  cities  are  beer  drinkers.  Intellectually, 
a  stupor  amounting  almost  to  paralysis  arrests  the  reason, 
changing  all  the  higher  faculties  into  a  mere  animalism, 
sensual,  selfish,  sluggish,  varied  only  with  paroxysms  of 
anger,  senseless  and  brutal. 

That  men  are  the  sex  most  addicted  to  stimulating  but 
injurious  habits  is  sadly  growing  less  true,  and  women  are 
finding  recourse  too  often  to  poisonous  invigorators.  If  one- 
half  of  what  the  doctors  are  saying  all  over  the  country  is 
true,  there  may  soon  be  a  greater  need  of  a  temperance  re- 
form among  the  women  than  there  ever  has  been  among  the 
men.  Strong  drink,  however,  is  not  the  monster  by  which 
the  women  may  be  enslaved,  but  a  strong  and  poisonous 
drug  equally  baneful  in  its  effect. 

This  drug  is  antipyrine.  It  is  a  white  powder,  slightly 
bitter,  and  soluble  in  water.  Until  about  a  year  ago  it  was 
prescribed  for  fevers  only,  but  a  French  medical  college 
recommended  it  for  headaches  and  other  pains  and  disor- 
ders, and  in  this  way  it  has  gained  its  grasp  on  so  many 
thoughtless  and  nervous  women. 

In  Chicago  and  many  other  places  it  is  said  that  the 
habit  is  gaining  with  alarming  rapidity,  for  the  women  take 
it  for  every  ill,  and  cannot  believe  that  its  soothing  effect 
can  have  any  evil  result  until  the  habit  is  thoroughly  fixed 
upon  them.  It  produces  different  results  under  different 
circumstances,  and,  like  many  other  preparations,  varies 
according  to  the  size  of  the  dose.  In  large  doses  it  has  been 
known  to  produce  complete  relaxation,  and  at  the  same 
time  a  loss  of  reflex  action,  and  death.  In  moderate  or 
tonic  doses  it  often  produces  convulsions.  Its  effect  as  a 
stimulant  seems  to  be  very  much  like  that  of  quinine,  and 
the  physicians  say  that  they  do  not  understand  why  it 
should  get  the  hold  on  women  that  it  does. 

The  latest  female  vice  is  intoxication  by  naphtha.     It  is 


92  HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AHD  LONGEVITY. 

not  drank.  The  fumes  of  it  are  simply  inhaled,  inducing, 
so  the  inebriates  say,  a  particularly  agreeable  exhilaration. 

Remedies  of  Alcoholism. — Without  much  doubt,  the 
best  way  to  affect  a  cure  is  to  regularly  reduce  one's  amount 
of  liquor  each  day  until  the  system  can  do  without  it.  A 
systematic  decrease  can  always  be  carried  through  if  the 
will  power  will  back  it.  We  add  also  some  ideas  that  have 
been  advanced  by  good  judges :  "  To  dispel  as  quickly  as  pos- 
sible the  effects  of  intoxicants,  one  of  the  most  effectual 
remedies  is  a  small  dose  of  sal  volatile,  or  volatile  salts,  in 
a  wine-glass  of  water — repeating  the  dose  in  half  an  hour. 
A  dish  of  cold  broth  may  answer  the  same  purpose.  The 
most  speedy  way,  however,  of  effecting  a  cure,  is  by  taking 
an  emetic,  following  it  with  the  sal  volatile  and  water  half 
an  hour  after." 

The  Russian  physician  and  publicist  Portugaloff  declares 
that  strychnine  in  subcutaneous  injections  is  an  immediate 
and  infallible  remedy  for  drunkenness.  The  craving  of  the 
inebriate  for  drink  is  changed  into  positive  aversion  in  a  day, 
and  after  a  treatment  of  eight  or  ten  days  the  patient  may  be 
discharged.  Even  should  the  appetite  return  months  after- 
ward, the  first  attempt  to  resume  drinking  will  produce  such 
painful  and  nauseating  sensations  that  the  person  will  turn 
away  from  the  liquor  in  disgust.  The  strychnine  is  admin- 
istered by  dissolving  one  grain  in  two  hundred  drops  of 
water,  and  injecting  five  drops  of  the  solution  every  twenty- 
four  hours.  Dr.  Portugaloff  recommends  the  establishment 
of  inebriate  dispensaries  in  connection  with  police  stations. 

Appetite. — Happy  is  the  man  who  always  possesses  a 
good  appetite;  unhappy  is  he  who  does  not  have  this  pre- 
cious boon.  The  lack  of  it  results  largely  from  failure  of 
exercise  and  the  excessive  use  of  condiments.  In  the  first 
place,  try  to  take  an  invigorating  bath  with  a  wet  towel  and 
rub  hard.  If  you  cannot  endure  even  that,  use  a  dry  towel  on 
the  body  until  the  friction  brings  the  blood  to  the  surface  of 
the  skin.  Then  give  the  mouth  a  careful  cleansing  by  rins- 
ing and  tooth-brush.  When  you  sit  at  the  table,  do  so  with 
a  cheerful  mood,  eat  slowly,  partake  sparingly  of  condiments, 
using  salt  mostly,  and  vinegar  for  an  acid.  Preface  your 


HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY.  93 

meals  with  a  walk  long  enough  to  get  up  a  circulation,  if  it 
is  dinner  or  supper  hour,  hut  do  not  tire  yourself,  and  be  sure 
to  rest  the  last  fifteen  minutes  before  eating. 

Asphyxiation. — A  practical  man,  conversant  with  cases 
in  which  asphyxiation  resulted  from  inhaling  carbonic  acid 
gas,  gives  some  valuable  hints  for  their  recovery  by  simple 
remedies  always  at  hand.  Fresh  air  to  restore  conscious- 
ness is  the  first  important  step.  Then  he  gave  apples,  apple 
juice,  or  vinegar,  to  neutralize  the  gas  and  remove  it  from 
the  stomach  by  eructations.  Eggs  broken  into  vinegar 
mixed  and  swallowed  made  a  very  effective  drink.  After 
removing  the  gas  from  the  stomach,  the  patient  was  further 
relieved  by  a  cup  of  strong,  hot  coffee,  which  speedily  re- 
stored him  to  normal  vigor.  On  two  similar  occasions, 
where  a  physician  was  called,  he  administered  injections  of 
carbonate  of  ammonia,  and  the  man  was  ill  for  eight  or  ten 
days  from  the  effects  of  the  medicine.  A  little  common  sense 
is  often  better  than  physic. 

Bathing. — We  have  already  treated  this  subject  to  some 
extent,  but  we  recommend  the  careful  reading  of  Dr.  C.  H. 
Steele's  ideas,  part  of  which  we  embody  here;  also  some 
Other  worthy  opinions  on  this  matter,  of  great  importance  to 
health. 

"The  use  of  water  in  the  treatment  of  diseases  dates  back 
to  remote  antiquity.  Savages  resort  to  the  surf  and  sweat- 
bath,  and  Hindoos  and  Mohammedans  bathe  because  their 
religion  commands  them  to  do  so.  References  to  the  bath 
may  be  found  scattered  throughout  the  literature  of  Greece, 
and  in  Rome  the  magnificent  buildings  and  lavish  expendi- 
ture devoted  to  the  public  bath  show  it  in  the  highest  stage 
of  perfection  it  has  ever  attained." 

"It  is  only  within  a  few  years  past  that  the  domestic  bath 
has  been  accepted  as  a  necessity.  No  home  in  England  is 
complete  without  a  bath-room,  and  no  Englishman  deems 
himself  well  unless  he  bathes  daily.  The  speaker  said  that 
a  thermometer,  whose  use  should  be  understood,  should  be 
permanently  attached  to  every  bath-tub. 

"Physiological  Action  of  the  Bath. — In  considering 
the  physiological  action  of  the  bath,  it  is  first  to  be  accepted 


94  HEALTH,    HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

that  water  of  a  temperature  below  that  of  the  body  ab- 
stracts heat  from  the  skin,  which  abstraction  continues  in- 
definitely, only  for  a  time  checked  by  the  renewed  activity 
of  the  heat  centers.  In  a  bath  the  temperature  of  which  is 
from  92°  to  95°,  the  body  may  remain  indefinitely  without 
any  loss  or  gain  of  temperature,  but  after  the  bath  a  cooling 
takes  place,  owing  to  increased  perspirations.  If  the  water 
is  between  77°  and  86°,  there  is,  after  the  first  shock,  a 
positive  rise  in  the  temperature  of  the  body.  Sixty-five 
degrees,  and  lower,  may  be  borne  for  a  long  time." 

"Nature  adapts  herself  to  the  cold  bath  by  a  rapid  stim- 
ulation of  heat  production.  All  the  muscles,  nerves,  and 
organs  of  the  body  are  brought  into  heightened  activity, 
and  thus  it  is  that  to  the  healthy  individual  the  cold  bath  is 
invigorating.  But  nature  has  her  limits,  and  the  bath  must 
be  discontinued  while  this  tonic  effect  is  felt,  for  the  heat 
centers  become  fatigued  and  give  rise  to  a  chill  which  may 
continue  for  days  afterward. 

"The  greatest  agency  in  bathing  is  the  stimulation  of 
perspiration,  and  this  depends  upon  the  relative  dryness  of 
the  surrounding  air.  Thus,  in  the  dry  vapor,  or  Turkish 
bath,  a  person  will  easily  endure  264°,  and  lose  four  pounds 
per  hour  by  perspiration.  It  is  this  rapid  evaporation 
from  the  skin  that  keeps  the  body  cool.  A  person  may 
stand  for  some  time  in  an  oven,  beside  a  roasting  rib  of 
beef.  But  in  the  steam  or  Russian  bath  the  perspiration  is 
retarded,  and  a  temperature  of  120°  is  hardly  bearable.  A 
temperature  of  124°  may  induce  a  rise  in  the  temperature 
of  the  mouth  to  104°  or  even  107°,  which  is  seldom  reached 
in  a  raging  fever.  Hence,  there  is  an  element  of  danger  in 
the  Russian  bath — a  danger  to  sudden  death  similar  to  sun- 
stroke. Tins  danger  is  much  more -pronounced  in  the  hot- 
water  bath  when  perspiration  ceases  altogether,  and  the 
supply  of  heat  from  the  interior  to  the  skin  is  excessive. 
The  temperature  of  bathing  water  should  not  exceed  104°, 
and  this  hot  bath  should  not  be  endured  more  than  fifteen 
minutes.  Even  then  it  is  likely  to  be  followed  by  depres- 
sion and  weakness."  "  The  circulation  being  quickened,  the 
cold  bath  acts  as  a  good  blood  purifier,  washing  away  the 


HEALTH,    HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY.  95 

poisons  of  the  body  through  the  channels  of  tlie  veins.  In 
case  of  persons  troubled  with  an  excess  of  fat,  the  btith 
must  be  accompanied  by  massage,  banting,  and  a  liberal  in- 
dulgence in  outdoor  exercise.  In  the  hot  bath  there  is  this 
same  waste  of  tissue,  but  no  tonic  effects,  and  it  is  invariably 
accompanied  with  loss  of  energy,  and  vitality.  But  the 
action  of  the  bath  upon  the  skin  is  no  less  beneficial  than 
upon  the  interior  of  the  body.  It  favors  the  excretory 
action  of  the  skin,  thus  purifying  it.  .  The  millions  of  dead 
scales,  kept  to  the  skin  by  the  clothing,  and  the  cementing 
effect  of  the  oil,  are  washed  away,  thus  relieving  the  skin, 
which  is  the  great  sewerage  system  of  the  body.  The  work 
of  the  lungs  and  kidneys  is  thus  lessened,  and  the  danger  of 
consumption  and  Bright's  disease,  which  may  be  caused  by 
uncleanness,  reduced." 

"Effects  of  Sea  Bathing. — Sea  bathing  is  much  more 
tonic  than  ail  other  kinds,  and  the  reason  is  simple.  The 
salt  lias  a  slightly  irritating  effect  on  the  skin,  which  is  very 
beneficial.  Besides,  sea  bathing  is  always  accompanied  by 
the  best  of  exercise,  by  relaxation  and  freedom  from  the 
ordinary  cares  of  life,  by  a  change  of  climate  and  scene. 
The  beating  of  the  waves  against  the  body  also  has  an  ex- 
hilarating effect.  The  bath  in  the  sea  should  be  taken 
about  three  hours  after  breakfast.  There  are  three  stages 
experienced  in  the  cold  bath — first,  that  of  depression ; 
second,  the  tonic  stage;  and  third,  the  giving  out  of  the  heat- 
producing  powers.  This  is  the  same  as  the  one  stage  of 
the  hot  bath,  and  is  always  to  be  avoided  as  highly  inju- 
rious. 

"  Nevertheless,  the  hot  bath  has  its  value.  Its  power  to 
cool  the  body  is  admitted,  and  it  is  used  with  effect  in  cases 
of  inflammation  induced  by  cold.  The  cold  foot-bath  is 
recommended  as  a  positive  cure  for  cold  feet." 

"The  practice  among  modern  women  of  taking  hot  baths 
is  endangering  the  health  of  the  race.  In  a  hot  bath  there 
is  at  first  a  fee-ling  of  oppression  and  violent  throbbing  of 
the  head,  followed  by  prostration,  a  highly  feverish  condi- 
tion, and  a  relaxation  of  the  entire  system.  In  case  of  any 
organic  disease  of  the  heart  or  consumption,  this  bath  must 


96  HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

be  carefully  shunned.  The  hot  bath  belongs  alone  to  the 
province  of  the  physician.  The  cold  bath,  on  the  other 
hand,  aside  from  its  tonic  effects,  renders  the  body  less  sensi- 
tive to  changes  of  temperature,  and  in  this  climate  is, 
hence,  especially  valuable  as  a  protection  against  catching 
cold.  This  bath  is  from  68°  to  75°,  and  should  be  taken  in 
the  morning  before  breakfast." 

"Bleeding. — A  sudden  and  profuse  flow  of  blood  is 
cause  for  alarm.  First,  decide  whether  the  blood  comes 
from  an  artery  or  a  vein.  If  from  a  vein,  the  blood  is 
dark,  and  oozes  or  flows  evenly ;  if  from  an  artery,  if,  is 
bright  red,  and  spurts  in  jets.  In  the  former  case,  the 
bleeding  may  generally  be  stopped  by  binding  on  a  hard 
pad.  In  case  of  a  ruptured  artery,  the  flow  of  blood  may 
be  checked  by  tying  a  twisted  handkerchief,  a  cord,  or  strap, 
between  the  wound  and  the  heart.  If  the  hand  is  cut,  raise 
the  arm  above  the  head  and  bind  it  tightly.  In  wounds 
of  the  throat,  arm-pit,  or  groin,  caused  by  cuts,  and  in  case 
of  any  deep  wound,  thrust  the  thumb  and  finger  into  the 
bottom  of  the  wound  and  pinch  up  the  part  from  which  the 
blood  comes,  directing  the  pressure  against  the  flow.  In 
cuts  of  the  lips,  compress  the  lips  between  the  thumb  and 
finger  nearer  the  angle  of  the  mouth  than  the  cut  itself.  In 
scalp  wounds,  make  direct  pressure  against  the  bones  of  the 
skull  with  the  fingers,  or,  better,  by  means  of  a  compress  or 
bandage." 

"Nosebleed. — Full-blooded  persons  who  are  afflicted 
with  headache  and  dizziness  are  most  subject  to  nosebleed. 
In  such  cases,  the  bleeding  should  be  regarded  as  a  relief  to 
an  overcharged  system,  and  should-  not  be  too  suddenly 
stopped.  To  stop  the  bleeding,  keep  the  patient's  arms 
elevated,  apply  cold  water  or  ice  to  the  base  of  the  brain, 
or  inject  vinegar  or  alum  water  up  the  nostrils  with  a 
syringe.  A  thick  piece  of  wrapping  paper,  placed  between 
the  upper  lip  and  gum,  and  firmly  pressed,  will  usually 
arrest  the  flow.  It  acts  by  compressing  the  arteries  which 
supply  the  Sneiderian  membrane.  Try  plugging  with  cot- 
ton, or  a  strip  of  soft  muslin,  gently  pushed  up  the  nostrils, 
thus  causing  the  blood  to  clot  about  the  plug.  If  these 


HEALTH.   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY.  97 

remedies  fail,  the  case  should  have  the  attention  of  a  physi- 
cian." 

Brain  Worry. — "After  a  good  spell  of  hard  work,  the 
brain  worker  is  often  tormented  by  finding  it  difficult,  all 
at  once,  to  turn  off  the  steam.  His  work-day  thoughts 
will  intrude  themselves  in  spite  of  every  effort  to  keep  them 
out.  Thackeray  generally  succeeded  in  exorcising  the 
creatures  he  had  been  calling  into  existence,  by  the  simple 
expedient  of  turning  over  the  leaves  of  a  dictionary.  A 
great  lawyer  was  in  the  habit,  in  similar  circumstances,  of 
plunging  into  a  cold  bath,  and  averred  that  a  person  never 
took  out  of  cold  water  the  same  ideas  that  he  took  into  it. 
Perhaps  the  best  mental  corrective  of  this  condition  is  to 
employ  the  mind  for  a  short  time  in  a  direction  most  con- 
trasted to  that  in  which  it  has  been  overworked.  During 
excessive  labor  of  the  brain,  there  is  an  increased  flow  of 
blood  to  the  working  organ.  If  this  condition  of  distention 
is  long  continued,  the  vessels  are  apt  to  lose  the  power  of 
contracting  when  mental  activity  is  diminished.  Hence 
arises  the  impossibility  of  fulfilling  the  physical  conditions 
of  sleep,  the  most  important  of  which  is  the  diminution  of 
the  flow  of  blood  to  the  brain.  It  is  certain  enough  that 
the  continued  deprivation  of  any  considerable  part  of  the 
normal  amount  of  sleep  will  be  seriously  detrimental  to 
health.  Dr.  Hammond,  in  his  work  on  sleep,  mentions  the 
case  of  a  literary  man  in  America  who  for  nearly  a  year 
restricted  his  rest  to  four  hours  a  day,  and  frequently  less. 
At  the  end  of  that  time,  the  overtasking  of  his  mental 
powers  was  manifested  in  a  curious  way.  He  told  the  phy- 
sician that,  though  still  able  to  maintain  a  connected  line  of 
reasoning,  he  found  that  as  soon  as  he  attempted  to  record 
his  ideas  on  paper,  the  composition  turned  out  to  be  simply 
a  tissue  of  arrant  nonsense.  When  in  the  act  of  writing, 
his  thoughts  flowed  so  rapidly  that  he  was  not  conscious  of 
the  disconnected  nature  of  what  he  was  writing,  but  as 
soon  as  he  stopped  to  read  it  over,  he  was  aware  how  com- 
pletely he  had  misrepresented  his  conceptions." 

Breathing- — In  each  respiration  an  adult  inhales  one 
*  it  of  air. 


98  HEALTH,  HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

A  man  respires  16  to  20  times  a  minute,  or  20,000  times 
a  day ;  a  child,  25  to  35  times  a  minute. 

While  standing,  the  adult  respiration  is  22 ;  while  lying, 
13. 

The  superficial  surface  of  the  lungs,  i.  e.,  of  their  alveolar 
spaces,  is  200  square  yards.  The  amount  of  air  inspired  in 
24  hours  is  about  2,500  gallons. 

Two-thirds  of  the  oxygen  absorbed  in  24  hours  is  ab- 
sorbed during  the  night  hours,  from  6  p.  M.  to  6  A.  M. 

Three-fifths  of  the  total  carbonic  acid  is  thrown  off  in  the 
day-time. 

The  pulmonary  surface  gives  off  about  5  fluidounces  of 
water  daily  in  the  state  of  vapor. 

The  heart  sends  through  the  lungs  192  gallons  of  blood 
hourly,  or  4,608  gallons  daily.  The  duration  of  inspiration 
is  five-twelfths,  of  expiration  seven-twelfths,  of  the  whole 
respiratory  act ;  but  during  sleep,  inspiration  occupies  ten- 
twelfths  of  the  respiratory  period. 

There  are  two  good  rules  to  follow  given  by  William 
Blaikie:— 

"  1.  To  hold  the  body  erect,  whether  standing,  sitting,  or 
walking,  and  breathe  deeply.  This  habit  gives  the  lungs 
and  digestive  organs  free  play.  More  oxygen  is  taken  into 
the  blood,  and  the  food  is  more  readily  digested  and 
assimilated.  2.  To  fill  the  lungs  full  at  frequent  intervals, 
holding  the  air  in  the  chest  as  long  as  is  comfortable.  This 
practice  will  soon  improve  a  disturbed  circulation." 

Blight's  Disease. — Bright's  disease  is  a  disorder  of  the 
kidneys  which  causes  those  organs  to  secrete  albumen  in  the 
urine,  while  they  fail  to  extract  from  the  blood  the  urea,  or 
effete  matter,  which  they  should  take  up  from  that  fluid. 
Urea  in  the  blood  operates  as  a  poison,  and  when  accumu- 
lated in  large  quantities,  produces  drowsiness,  convulsions, 
and  apoplexy.  Intemperance  is  a  fruitful  source  of 
Bright's  disease,  because  excessive  drinking  tends  peculiarly 
to  the  degeneration  of  the  kidneys.  The  best  remedy  we 
know,  or  have  ever  seen  tested,  is  Bethesda  water,  from 
Waukesha  Springs,  Wis.  Tt  should  be  natural,  without 
gas ;  a  quart  per  day  will  not  be  too  much  for  an  adult. 


HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY.  99 

Bruises- — If  the  skin  i.s  not  broken,  the  best  thing  fora 
bruise,  or  black  and  blue  spot,  as  they  are  often  termed,  is 
a  piece  of  pure  copper.  It  should  be  thin  enough  to  shape 
with  the  fingers  just  the  curvature  or  angle  of  the  portion 
of  the  body  bruised.  In  applying  it,  be  very  gen  tie  at  first, 
for  if  it  be  a  finger  nail  you  desire  to  preserve,  on  first  ap- 
plication it  will  give  you  quite  a  severe  shock,  but  by  re- 
lieving it  every  second  or  two,  inside  of  5  minutes  the  pain 
will  cease,  and  no  black  spot  will  follow.  If  the  skin  be 
broken,  and  the  blood  has  ceased  to  flow,  and  you  desire  to 
use  this  remedy,  first  paste  a  piece  of  imprinted  newspaper 
over  the  broken  part,  and  then  proceed  as  above ;  but  in 
no  case  ever  place  a  piece  of  copper  on  a  broken  part  of 
the  skin  without  the  above  precaution. 

Bums. — A  correspondent  of  the  Philadelphia  Record 
vouches  for  the  wonderful  efficacy  of  the  common  cat-tail 
as  a  remedy  for  burns.  He  says:  "Take  the  down,  and 
with  just  enough  lard  to  hold  it  together,  make  a  plaster 
and  lay  upon  any  burn,  and  it  soothes  and  heals  so  soon 
that  it  seems  a  miracle.  Put  upon  a  fresh  burn,  and  in  less 
than  half  an  hour  the  smart  is  gone;  if  it  is  an  old  burn, 
the  healing  will  commence  in  twenty-four  hours.  '  Cat- 
tail '  is  also  the  Indian  remedy  for  scrofulous  sores  or  ulcers. 
Age  does  not  destroy  its  healing  virtues.  It  can  be  laid 
away  and  kept  for  years  without  losing  any  of  its  remedial 
properties."  Burns  should  be  bathed  with  alcohol  or  tur- 
pentine and  afterwards  with  lime-water  and  sweet-oil,  but 
never  with  cold  water.  Soft  soap  or  apple  butter  are 
equally  excellent  for  burns. 

Cancer. — It  is  well  proved  that  cancer  cannot  be  suc- 
cessfully removed  by  use  of  the  knife.  Surgeon  John 
McFarlane,  of  Glasgow,  mentions  the  cutting  out  of  eighty- 
six  cancers  without  effecting  a  single  cure.  For  those  who 
are  troubled  we  would  say  that  there  have  been  and  there 
are  remedies  with  permanent  effects.  The  writer  knowrs  of 
a  female  physician  in  this  city  who  has  been  very  success- 
ful in  achieving  lasting  cures  in  numerous  authenticated 
instances. 

Chewing  Gum  and  Other  Substances.— Regular 


100  HEALTH,    HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

chewing  outside  of  meal  hours  of  any  substance  is  injurious. 
It  unnecessarily  excites  the  salivary  glands,  the  strength  of 
which  should  be  reserved  for  eating.  Do  not  chew  the  ends 
of  your  finger  nails.  Little  pieces  of  the  nails  may  be  swal- 
lowed, which  at  some  time — possibly  quite  remote — may 
cause  you  great  pain,  and  even  death.  This  has  occurred. 
It  has  also  been  found  by  opticians  and  doctors  that  hardly 
anything  will  affect  the  eyes  harmfully  quicker  than  gum- 
chewing. 

Cholera- — Dr.  Gamaleia,  of  Odessa,  claims  to  have  dis- 
covered a  prophylactic  against  cholera,  and  hopes  to  win 
the  prize  of  $20,000  offered  for  such  a  cure.  He  calls  his 
specific  Chemical  Vaccine,  and  has  tried  it  efficaciously  on 
apes,  guinea-pigs,  and  pigeons.  This  is  obtained  by  the 
successive  passages  of  cholera  virus  through  the  blood  t>f 
animals.  After  each  of  these  passages,  the  virus  becomes 
stronger,  and  is  finally  injected  into  the  patient. 

A  cure  which  was  very  effective  when  the  cholera  struck 
America  is  called  the  "  Sun  Cholera  Medicine."  It  is  also 
an  excellent  remedy  for  colic,  and  diarrhea,  etc.  Take 
equal  parts  of  tincture  of  cayenne  pepper,  tincture  of 
opium,  tincture  of  rhubarb,  essence  of  peppermint,  and 
spirits  of  camphor.  Mix  well.  Dose:  15  to  30  drops  in  a 
little  cold  water,  according  to  age  and  violence  of  symptoms, 
repeated  every  fifteen  minutes  or  twenty,  until  relief  is  ob- 
tained. Our  own  infallible  remedy  for  cholera,  cholera 
morbus,  cramps,  colic,  and  diarrhea,  is : — 

Tincture  of  opium,  3  drachms. 

"          "  cayenne  pepper,  5  drachms. 
"          "  ginger,  5  drachms. 
'"          "  camphor,  3  drachms. 

Dose :  1  teaspoonful  in  a  gill  of  cool  water  for  an  adult ; 
repeat  with  half  a  teaspoonful  in  15  minutes  if  not  relieved. 
For  a  child  2  years  old  J  the  above  dose,  and  in  proportion 
up  to  an  adult. 

Cleanliness. — The  English  upper  classes  are  clean,  but 
cleanliness  of  any  high  degree  is  a  modern  virtue  among 
them.  It  is  an  invention  of  the  nineteenth  century. 
Men  and  women  born  at  the  close  of  the  eighteenth  cent- 


HEALTH,    HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY.  ]Q1 

ury  did  as  French  people  do  to-day;  they  took  a  warm 
bath  occasionally  for  cleanliness,  and  they  took  shower-baths 
when  they  were  prescribed  by  the  physician  for  health,  and 
they  bathed  in  summer  seas  for  pleasure,  but  they  did  not 
wash  themselves  all  over  every  morning.  However,  the 
new  custom  took  deep  root  in  England,  because  it  became 
one  of  the  signs  of  class.  It  was  adopted  as  one  of  the 
habits  of  a  gentleman. 

Don't  take  your  pocket-handkerchief  to  dust  off  your 
shoes  and  the  next  moment  wipe  your  face  and  eyes  with  it; 
don't  carry  your  own  sheets  with  you  on  a  trip  and  then  sit 
in  the  smoking-car  for  200  miles  for  enjoyment;  anything 
added  to  w hi tecastile  soap  as  scenting  matter  is  no  improve- 
ment and  in  most  cases  is  detrimental. 

\\re  have  taken  this  subject  up  so  carefully  in  "bathing" 
and  in  the  first  part  that  we  will  say  no  more  here. 

Cold  Feet- — The  best  prescription  for  cold  or  tired  feet 
is  to  carefully  envelop  each  toe  and  foot  with  blank  news- 
paper before  encasing  the  same  with  sock.  First  have  the 
feet  perfectly  dry  and  warm,  then  they  will  remain  so  all 
day,  if  properly  protected  with  easy-fitting,  strong  boots  or 
shoes.  Barbers  do  this  to  prevent  their  feet  scalding  and 
heating;  stage  drivers  use  this  method,  and  hundreds  attest 
its  efficacy. 

Many  people,  especially  women  and  children,  suffer  the 
whole  winter  through  with  cold  feet.  This  is  mainly  due 
to  the  fact  that  they  wear  their  shoes  too  tight.  Unless 
the  toes  have  perfect  freedom,  the  blood  cannot  circulate 
properly.  People  who  wear  rubbers  the  whole  winter 
through,  generally  suiter  with  their  feet.  Rubbers  make 
them  very  tender  by  overheating  and  causing  them  to  per- 
spire. They  should  be  removed  as  soon  as  one  enters  the 
house.  They  draw  the  feet,  keep  them  hot  and  wet  with 
perspiration — then  as  soon  as  one  goes  again  into  the  air 
the  feet  are  chilled. 

Colds. — Don't  have  any  fear  of  night  air.  That  is  an 
unfounded  superstition.  Keep  your  windows  open.  You 
will  sleep  better  and  the  next  day  you  will  not  catch  cold. 

Take  a  good  hot   lemonade  just   before   retiring;  in  the 


IQ2  HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

morning,  immediately  on  getting  out  of  bed,  take  a  cold  bath 
and  rub  hard  until  you  are  in  a  perfect  glow. 

Too  much  coddling  is  unquestionably  one  of  the  most 
common  causes  of  catarrh.  One  who  is  inured  to  hardships 
is  able  to  endure  exposure  without  injury,  while  one  unac- 
customed to  like  experience  quickly  succumbs.  Air-tight 
houses,  close  and  unventilated,  overheated  rooms,  even  the 
quantity  of  clothing  required,  are  active  causes,  preventing 
development  of  hardihood.  As  a  result,  colds  and  catarrh 
are  universal  maladies  among  civilized  people. 

Says  a  writer  in  Woman's  Work:  "  Without  dwelling 
on  the  nature  and  causes  of  colds,  or  on  what  physicians 
call  the  pathology  of  these  disorders,  I  will  say  that  a  low 
or  even  starvation  diet  for  a  few  days,  with  the  free  drink- 
ing of  warm,  mildly  stimulating  teas,  is  better  for  a  cold 
than  any  drug  or  combination  of  drugs.  If  with  this  a 
warm  bath  or  a  hot  foot-bath  is  taken,  little  more  will  be 
needed.  Nine  cases  in  ten  of  colds  can  be  broken  up  in 
this  early  stage  by  a  hot  foot  or  rather  leg-bath,  keeping 
the  bath  as  hot  as  it  can  be  borne,  until  perspiration  arises. 
After  the  bath  drink  a  half  pint  of  hot  lemonade  and  go  to 
bed." 

A  Good  Cough  Remedy. — The  following  is  from  a  doctor 
connected  with  an  institution  with  many  children:  "There 
is  nothing  more  irritable  to  a  cough  than  a  cough.  For 
some  time  I  had  been  so  fully  assured  of  this  that  I  deter- 
mined, for  one  minute  at  least,  to  lessen  the  number  of 
coughs  heard  in  a  certain  ward  in  a  hospital  of  the  institu- 
tion. By  the  promise  of  rewards  and  punishments,  I  suc- 
ceeded in  inducing  them  to  simply  hold  their  breath  when 
tempted  to  cough,  and  in  a  little  while  I  was  myself  sur- 
prised to  see  how  some  of  the  children  entirely  recovered  from 
their  disease.  Constant  coughing  is  precisely  like  scratch- 
ing a  wound  on  the  outside  of  the  body.  So  long  as  it  is 
done  the  wound  will  not  heal.  Let  a  person  when  tempted 
to  cough  draw  a  long  breath  and  hold  it  until  it  warms  and 
soothes  every  air-cell,  and  some  benefit  will  soon  be  received 
from  this  process.  The  nitrogen  which  is  thus  refined  acts 
as  an  anodyne  to  the  mucous  membrane,  allaying  the  de- 


HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY.  ]Q3 

sire  to  cough  and  giving  the  throat  and  lungs  a  chance  to 
lical.  At  the  same  time  a  suitable  medicine  will  aid  nature 
in  her  effort  to  recuperate." 

Constipation. — Regularity  in  the  hour  of  going  to  stool 
md  the  avoidance  of  highly-seasoned  food  are  preventatives. 
3ee  "constipation,"  first  part,  per  index,  for  a  cure. 

Consumption. — "What  Changes  has  the  Acceptance  of 
ihe  Germ  Theory  made  in  Measures  for  the  Prevention  and 
Ireutment  of  Consumption?"  is  the  title  of  an  essay  by  Dr. 
Dharles  V.  Chapin,  of  Providence,  to  whom  was  awarded 
i  premium  of  $200  by  the  trustees  of  the  Fisk  Fund.  In 
;his  essay  Dr.  Chapin  has  given  an  admirable  re.xume  of  all 
;hat  has  been  written  about  consumption  from  the  time  of 
Hippocrates  to  the  present  day.  After  a  careful  examina- 
,ion  of  the  literature  of  the  subject,  he  thinks  that  we  are 
unified  in  the  conclusion  that  the  acceptance  of  the  germ 
feeory  has  made  no  direct  or  important  addition  either  to 
,hd  hygiene  or  medicinal  treatment  of  consumption.  He 
ihinks,  however,  that  it  should  have  great  influence.  It  tells 
is  plainly  what  we  ought  to  do.  VVe  simply  do  not  obey 
ts  behests.  The  germ  theory — now  no  longer  a  theory  in 
,he  case  of  tubercular  consumption — tells  us  that  we  have 
,o  do  with  a  contagious  disease.  Now  there  is  no  theoret- 
cul  reason  why  a  purely  contagious  disease  like  tuberculosis 
jannot  be  exterminated.  If  we  can  prevent  the  spread  of 
joutagion  at  all,  we  can  prevent  it  entirely.  The  enormous 
ralue  of  preventive  measures,  isolation,  disinfection,  and 
quarantine,  is  well  illustrated  in  history  of  cholera,  typhus 
ever,  an  I  yellow  fever  in  the  United  States.. 

By  keeping  out  the  virus  of  these  diseases,  or  destroying 
t  when  it  had  gained  access  to  our  shores,  we  have  for  a 
lumber  of  years  been  remarkably  free  from  these  diseases, 
ind  it  is  certain  that  if  these  precautions  had  not  been  taken 
,ve  should  have  suffered  severely.  For  obvious  reasons,  the 
oppression  of  tuberculosis  is  not  so  easy  a  matter  as  the 
suppression  of  cholera  or  yellow  fever.  Neither  is  the  sup- 
pression of  scarlet  fever  OL*  small-pox  as  easy.  Yet^when- 
•v<  r  the  public  has  been  educated  to  a  correct  appreciation 
3f  the  contagious  nature  of  scarlet  fever,  the  number  of  cases 


104  HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

has  diminished  very  much.  Even  in  small-pox,  with  its 
virulent  contagion,  it  is  possible,  by  means  of  isolation  and 
disinfection,  to  check  its  spread  even  among  an  unvacci- 
nated  population,  as  has  been  illustrated  many  times  of  late 
in  the  anti-vaccination  city  of  Leicester,  England.  We 
must  now  put  tuberculosis  among  these  diseases,  and,  though 
its  theoretical  suppression  is  simple  its  actual  extermination 
is  a  very  difficult  problem.  It  lies  largely  with  the  medical 
profession  how  long  tubercular  disease  shall  decimate  the 
human  race.  The  physicians  are  the  educators  of  the  peo- 
ple in  these  matters.  When  the  doctor  shall  teach  that 
tuberculosis  is  contagious,  the  people  will  believe,  and  will 
govern  themselves  accordingly.  In  combating  contagious 
diseases  the  preventive  measures  taken  often  give  discour- 
aging results.  This  will  be  particularly  so  in  tubercular 
disease.  Half-way  measures  secure  less  than  half-way  re- 
sults, and  these  alienate  the  support  of  those  who  only 
indifferently  believe  in  contagion  and  the  importance  of 
precautionary  measures.  Efficient  means  of  suppression  are 
radical,  and  bear  hard  on  the  individual;  they  are  not  com- 
plied with,  and  they  produce  violent  opposition.  Yet,  diffi- 
cult as  it  may  be,  the  medical  profession  should  take  ag- 
gressive action  against  this  disease.  We  have  no  right  to 
wait  for  the  discovery  of  a  specific,  or  the  gradual  evolution 
of  a  phthisis-proof  race.  We  must  take  the  world  as  we 
find  it,  full  of  men  and  women  predisposed  to  tubercular 
phthisis,  and  with  no  idea  of  its  contagious  nature.  What 
can  we  do  about  it?  1.  Teach  the  people  the  true  nature 
of  the  tuberculosis,  that  no  one  ever  has  tubercular  consump- 
tion unless  the  tubercle  bacilli  find  their  way  into  their 
lungs.  2.  Teach  them,  also,  that,  even  if  it  finds  its  way 
there,  it  will  not  grow  unless  the  conditions  are  right. 
Teach  fathers  and  mothers  how  to  rear  healthy  boys  and 
girls.  Tell  them  what  to  eat  and  what  to  wear,  to  exercise, 
to  breathe  fresh  air.  This  alone  would  exterminate  phthisis. 
3.  The  contagion  must  be  destroyed.  Fortunately,  in  this 
disease  there  is  no  need  of  isolation.  Disinfection  is  enough. 
The  consumptive  patient  gives  off  the  poison  only  in  the 
sputum,  or  perchance  the  other  excreta,  if  the  disease  ex- 


HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY.  105 

tend  beyond  the  lungs.  The  virus  is  not  given  off  from 
these  while  moist.  We  must  therefore  disinfect  all  sputum 
at  once  with  mercuric  bi-chloride.  Cloths  must  be  used  in- 
stead of  handkerchiefs,  and  then  burned,  or,  if  the  latter  are 
used,  they  should  be  often  changed,  and  immediately  ]>ut  in 
a  bi-chloride  solution  and  boiled.  Bed-linen  should  be 
treated  in  the  same  way.  Frequent  disinfection  of  the  en- 
tire person,  and  fumigation  of  the  apartment,  would  be  safe 
additions  to  the  preventive  measures.  4.  Persons  who 
have  u  marked  predisposition  to  the  disease  had  best  not 
come  in  close  contact  with  the  phthisical.  Children  should 
never  have  tuberculous  nurses,  wet  or  dry.  In  the  case  of 
consumptives  very  great  attention  should  be  paid  to  ventila- 
tion, and  to  the  alimentation  both  of  the  patient  and  the 
attendants.  Such  measures,  if  rigidly  carried  out,  would 
be  of  enormous  service  in  preventing  this  disease.  But  with 
the  increasing  prevalence  of  tuberculosis  among  domestic 
animals,  something  more  is  imperatively  demanded.  Active 
measures  should  be  taken  to  free  the  country  from  animal 
tuberculosis. 

There   are  some   ideas   which  it  is  well  to  observe: — 

1.  Flies  may  carry  the  virus  if  they  are  allowed  to  frequent 
cuspidors     into    which    consumptives    have   expectorated. 
Clean  these  out  often.     Do  not  permit   the  patient  to  spit 
into  a  handkerchief  and  then  let  it  lie  around  to  dry.     The 
dust  arising  may  inoculate  some  person  prone  to  consump- 
tion. 

2.  Be  careful  about  the  meat  you  eat.     It  can  and  does  \ 
convey  tuberculosis.      Investigations  have  been  made  show- 
ing that  as  high  as  50$  of  a  herd  to  be  slaughtered  in  New 
York   City  had  tuberculosis.     Milk  may  be  also  infected 
and  often  is. 

3.  Have  an  abundance  of  flowers  around.     They  inva- 
riably are  helpful. 

4.  Constant  and  regular  singing  with  proper  care  and  not 
tiring  is  excellent  for  consumptive   lungs,  which  should  be 
done  in  well-ventilated  rooms. 

5.  Be  out  in  the  open  air  as  much  as  possible,  and  breathe 


106  HEALTH,  HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

through  the  nose  entirely.     Continually  exercise  the  lungs 
by  drawing  in  long  breaths. 

6.  If  possible  try  fumes  of  hydrofluoric  acid.     In  glass 
factories  if  workmen  are  rendered  consumptive  by  stoop- 
ing over- the  grinding  machinery,  they  usually  find  great 
benefit  by  being  allowed  to  work  in  the  room  with  the 
glass  etchers,  where  &o  much  hydrofluoric  acid  is  employed. 

7.  Buttermilk  is  well  recommended. 

8.  Consumptive  and  bronchial   troubles  in   women  are 
often  due  to  irregularity  of  dress  about  the  throat  and 
lungs.     There  is  danger  from  wearing  decollete  costumes. 
So  regular  have  we  been  in  our  habits  that  the  throwing 
off  of  a  1-oz.  neck-tie  for  half  an  hour  in  the  open  air  will 
give  us  a  cold  with  the  thermometer  at  70$  Fahr. 

The  ocean  cure  is  well  set  forth  in  the  following,  which 
represents  the  advantages  of  a  long  sea  voyage : — 

1.  Perfect  rest  and  quiet,  and   complete  removal  from 
and  change  of  ordinary  occupation  and  way  of  life;  a  very 
thorough  change  of  scene,  and  perfect   and  enforced  rest 
from  both  mental  and  physical  labor. 

2.  The  life  in  the  open  air  and  the  great  amount  of  sun- 
shine to  be  enjoyed;  it  is  quite  possible,  under  favorable 
circumstances,  to  pass  fifteen  hours  daily  in  the  open  air; 
and  whenever  it  is  possible  the  traveler  by  sea  is  certain  to 
endeavor  to  escape  from  the  close  and  sometimes  unpleas- 
ant atmosphere  of  a  small  cabin,  into  the  pure  air  to  be 
found  on  deck. 

/  3.  The  great  purity  of  the  air  at  sea,  and  its  entire  free- 
dom from  organic  dust  and  other  impurities.  In  this  re- 
spect it  has  an  advantage  over  the  air  of  an  open  country, 
for  the  latter  is  apt  to  contain  the  pollen  of  grasses  and 
other  plants,  which,  in  some  persons,  excites  hay  fever  and 
asthma.  The  air  of  the  cabins  may,  of  course,  be  contami- 
nated, but  the  air  of  the  open  sea  is  probably  the  purest  to 
be  found  anywhere. 

4.  The  presence  in  the  sea  air  of  a  large  amount  of 
ozone,  as  well  as  particles  of  saline  matter,  more  particu- 
larly in  stormy  weather,  from  the  sea  spray,  and  these  may 


HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY.  107 

exercise  a  beneficial  effect  in  certain  throat  and  pulmonary 
affections  on  the  respiratory  mucous  membrane. 

5.  The  great  equability  of  the  temperature  at  sea.     This 
refers  chiefly  to  the  daily  variations,  which  rarely  exceed 
four  or  five  degrees  Fahr.     It  must  be  noted  that  in  a  long 
sea  voyage  very  considerable  variations  of  temperature  are 
encountered,  and  in  a  swift  steamer  the  transitions  are  some- 
what sudden. 

6.  The  great  humidity  of  the  atmosphere  and  the  high 
barometric  pressure,  which  are  considered  to  exercise  a  use- 
ful sedative  influence  on  certain  constitutions.     It  is  said 
that    thq    temperature  of   the  body  averages   one  degree 
Fain-.  Jess  on  account  of  this  sedative  effect.     The  exhila- 
rating and  tonic  effect  of  rapid  motion  through  the  air;  for 
by  the  continuous  progress  of  the  ship  the  sea  breezes  are 
constantly  blowing  over  it,  and  the  passengers  are  borne 
through  the    rapidly-moving  air   without  any  exertion  of 
their  own.     The  influence  of  these  currents  of  air  on  the 
surface  of  the  body  is,  no  doubt,  important,  acting  as  a 
stimulant  and  a  tonic,  increasing  evaporation  from  the  skin, 
and  imparting  tone  to  the  superficial  blood-vessels. 

We  now  pve  our  own  cure,  which  we  claim  is  of  great 
value,  at  least  it  is  worth  trying,  for  it  cured  the  author  of 
consumption  of  twenty  years'  standing  in  one  year.  This 
disease  can  be  cured  by  "cold  packing"  the  lungs  and 
throat,  and  following  the  rules  in  general  for  health  stated 
in  the  first  part  of  this  work.  You  must  understand  a 
cold  compress  or  pack,  otherwise  you  are  likely  to  increase 
the  malady  and  hasten  your  death.  Some  persons  cannot 
warm  one  ounce  of  cold  water  in  twenty-four  hours.  Such 
we  advise  to  go  very  slowly.  First  adopt  the  formula  for 
cleanliness  and  regularity  already  given.  Then  when  a 
liule  more  blood  is  infused  through  the  system  and  hence 
more  heat  exists,  commence  the  cold  pack.  Use  simply  a 
moistened  cambric  handkerchief,  placed  upon  the  lungs; 
lop  with  at  least  two  thicknesses  of  linen  and  one  of 
flannel;  wrap  up  warm  and  go  to  bed.  Do  not  attempt 
to  cold  pack  any  part  of  your  body  and  then  expose  it  to  a 
moving  atmosphere.  After  one  week  you  can  increase  the 


108  HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

moisture  of  the  pack  at  least  50$.  Then  add  to  the  thick- 
ness and  moisture  10$  each  week,  as  long  as  you  can  suc- 
ceed in  warming  it  and  causing  it  to  sweat  that  portion  of 
the  body  packed.  If  you  should  wake  up  in  the  night  and 
find  the  pack  dry,  remove  the  portion  previously  moistened 
and  retain  only  the  dry  covering,  viz.,  the  linen  and  flannel. 
In  the  morning,  before  arising,  thoroughly  rub  the  lungs 
with  a  dry  linen  towel.  This,  then,  is  all  that  is  necessary 
to  get  rid  of  this  incurable  (?)  disease,  if  you  will  only 
follow  the  rules  already  given  for  health,  happiness,  and 
longevity. 

Convulsions,  Fits. — When  a  child  has  a  convulsion, 
or  what  is  commonly  called  "  a  fit,"  attention  should  be  given 
to  the  urinary  secretion  at  once.  If  there  is  suppression  of 
urine,  the  child  should  be  put  into  a  warm  bath  and  made 
to  sweat  as  speedily  as  possible.  In  many  cases  in  which 
children  die  from  a  succession  of  convulsions,  the  real  cause 
of  death  is  suppression  of  urine  (a  fact  which  is  probably 
not  so  generally  known  as  it  should  be),  so  that  the 
child  really  dies  of  poisoning  through  the  retention  of  the 
urinary  secretion.  When  a  child  is  subject  to  attacks  of 
this  character,  care  should  be  taken  to  dress  it  warmly  in 
flannels,  so  as  to  keep  up  a  degree  of  perspiration  most  of 
the  time,  and  hot  baths  should  be  administered  frequently. 
Give  a  glass  of  Bethesda  water  from  three  to  four  times  a 
day,  and  the  disease  will  disappear. 

Corns  and  Bunions  are  caused  by  tight,  ill-fitting 
boots  and  shoes.  The  way  of  preventing  them  is,  therefore, 
manifest.  Thrusting  the  toe  into  a  lemon,  to  be  kept  on  over 
night,  will  make  the  removal  of  a  corn  easy.  Two  or  three 
applications  will  suffice  for  the  worst  cases.  Soft  corns  may 
be  relieved  by  dissolving  a  piece  of  ammonia,  the  size  of 
three  peas,  in  an  ounce  of  water,  and  applying  the  solution 
as  hot  as  can  be  borne.  It  is  beneficial  to  place  blank 
newspaper  between  the  toes.  That  will  keep  them  from 
scalding,  and  hence  softening,  so  that  corns  will  easily  form. 
We  have  already  referred  to  this  paper  method  for  cold 
feet.  Paper  is  a  non-conductor  and  thus  has  the  proper 
effect. 


HEALTH.    HAPPINESS   AND   LONGEVITY.  109 

Croup. — The  following  prescription,  to  be  used  as  a 
garble,  is  not  only  excellent  for  croup,  but  will  absolutely 
keep  anyone  from  choking  to  death  from  phlegm  in  the 
throat,  no  matter  what  the  cause,  so  long  as  they  have  any 
portion  of  a  lung  left.  It  consists  of  the  yolks  of  two  eggs 
thoroughly  beaten,  in  half  a  pint  of  good  cider  vinegar, 
adding  two  tablespoonfuls  of  honey.  I  have  known  two 
different  patients,  given  up  by  their  physicians,  to  rally  in 
thirty  minutes  under  the  above  treatment,  and  finally  get 
well. 

Diab6tes. — A  prominent  French  physician  advocates  a 
coffee  remedy.  After  having  continued  to  use  the  remedy 
for  upward  of  a  third  of  a  century  in  many  hundreds  of 
cases,  he  again  appeals  to  the  profession  to  give  it  a  trial  in 
those  cases  of  liver  and  kidney  troubles  which  have  resisted 
all  other  treatment.  His  habit  is  to  place  twenty-five 
grammes,  or  about  three  drachms,  of  the  green  berries  (he 
prefers  a  mixture  of  three  parts  of  Mocha  with  one  part 
each  of  Martinique  and  Isle  de  Bourbon  coffee)  in  a  tum- 
bler of  cold  water,  and  let  them  infuse  over  night.  The 
infusion,  after  straining  or  filtering,  is  to  be  taken  on  an 
empty  stomach  the  first  thing  after  getting  up  in  the  morn- 
ing. He  cites  many  cases  of  renal  and  hepatic  colics,  dia- 
betes, migraine,  etc.,  which,  although  rebellious  to  all  other 
treatments  for  years,  soon  yielded  to  the  green  coffee  infu- 
sion. It  is  worth  a  trial  at  any  rate. 

Bethcsda  water  from  the  Wakeshaw  Springs,  in  Wiscon- 
sin, will  cure  three  out  of  every  five  cases  of  diabetes  and 
help  the  other  two.  Drink  it  as  you  would  any  good 
water. 

Diphtheria. — Diphtheria  is  a  malignant  and  very  in- 
fectious disease.  It  may  often  be  communicated  by  a  kiss, 
a  touch  of  the  hand,  or  by  drinking  out  of  the  same  cup 
with  the  sick  person.  The  mildest  case  should  be  carefully 
isolated.  In  the  family  this  may  sometimes  be  done  by  re- 
moving the  patient  to  an  upper  room,  which  can  be  well 
ventilated  by  means  of  windows  and  an  open  fire.  The 
contagion  of  diphtheria  is  not  carried  far  by  the  atmosphere; 
hence,  by  strict  attention  to  cleanliness  and  ventilation,  it 


HO  HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

may  be  quite  possible  to  isolate  a  case  even  under  the  family 
roof.  The  disease  is  characterized  by  soreness  of  the  throat, 
pain  in  swallowing,  apoplectic,  epileptic,  hysterical,  or  the 
result  of  poisoning.  Put  a  cork  between  the  patient's  teeth, 
that  the  tongue  may  not  be  bitten.  Loosen  the  clothing, 
have  plenty  of  fresh  air,  and  do  not  restrain  the  move- 
ments of  the  patient,  except  to  prevent  injury  or  bruising. 
Rub  the  temples  with  cologne  or  spirits,  and,  as  soon  as  the 
patient  can  swallow,  give  a  little  cold  brandy  and  water. 

Dr.  W.  A.  Scott,  of  Iowa,  where,  in  the  latter  part  of  1889, 
diphtheria  raged,  found  a  valuable  and  effective  remedy  for 
this  dread  disease.  The  recipe  can  be  filled  at  any  drug 
store,  and  used  by  any  person  without  danger : — 

Take  ten  grains  of  permanganate  of  potassium  and  mix 
with  one  ounce  of  cold  water.  As  soon  as  dissolved,  it  must 
be  applied  with  a  rag  or  sponge  mop  or  swab  to  the  whitish 
places  in  the  tonsils,  and  other  parts  that  have  the  diphthe- 
ria membrane  on  them.  Do  this  very  gently,  but  thor- 
oughly, every  three  hours  until  better;  then  every  six 
hours  until  well.  It  does  not  give  pain,  but  is  rather  nau- 
seous to  the  taste. 

If  the  tongue  is  coated  white,  mix  one  drachm  of  hyposul- 
phite of  soda  and  five  drops  oil  of  sassafras  in  four  ounces 
of  syrup  made  of  sugar  and  hot  water,  and  give  a  teaspoon- 
ful  every  1  to  3  hours,  as  needed,  when  awake. 

If  the  tongue  is  not  coated  white,  I  mix  20  drops  of  tinct- 
ure of  phytolacca  in  four  ounces  of  cold  water  and  give  a 
teaspoonful  every  1  to  3  hours,  as  needed,  when  awake. 
(The  phytolacca  is  the  common  poke-root  of  the  South,  and 
as  it  loses  its  strength  by  drying  and  age,  the  tincture  should 
be  from  the  fresh  root,  or  it  is  worthless.) 

It  is  well  to  apply  a  little  sweet-oil  or  cosmoline  to  the 
outside  of  the  throat  to  protect  from  the  action  of  the  air, 
as  the  patient  must  be  protected  from  all  danger  of  getting 
chilled. 

In  the  beginning  of  the  disease,  in  mild  cases,  the  above 
solution  of  permanganate  of  potassium,  is  all  I  use,  and  all 
that  is  needed,  as  the  disease  is  local  at  first,  but  rapidly 
affects  the  whole  system  when  seated.  In  the  stinking  form 


HEALTH,    HAPPINESS  AND   LONGEVITY.  HI 

of  diphtheria  this  solution  soon  destroys  all  smell,  and  in 
every  case  destroys  the  diphtheria  membrane  without  leav- 
ing any  bad  effect. 

M.  Roulin,  of  France,  has  successfully  trealed  22  cases 
of  diphtheria  with  carbolic  acid  as  an  antiseptic.  Nasal 
douches,  consisting  of  three  teaspoonfuls  of  the  crude  acid 
in  a  quart  of  water,  were  employed  every  hour  by  means  of 
the  ordinary  irrigator.  Tonics  were  given  internally. 

Dr.  Deriker,  of  St.  Petersburg,  who  is  the  head  physician 
of  the  Children's  Hospital,  and  has  treated  no  less  than 
2,000  cases  of  diphtheria,  and  tried  all  remedies,  both  in- 
ternal and  external,  has  found  the  following  a  certain  cure 
for  the  disease:  As  soon  as  the  white  spots  appear  on  the 
tonsils  he  gives  a  laxative,  usually  senna  tea.  When  the 
purgative  effect  lias  ceased,  he  gives  cold  drinks  acidulated 
with  lemons,  limes,  or  hydrochloric  acid,  and  every  two 
hours  a  gargle  composed  of  lime-water  and  milk.  Hot 
milk  was  also  given  as  a  drink,  ar.d  the  throat  well  rubbed 
with  spirits  of  turpentine.  The  Academy  of  Medicine  in 
France  offered  a  large  sum  of  money  for  a  successful  cure 
for  diphtheria,  and  this  is  said  to  have  been  it.  Equal 
parts  of  liquid  tar  and  turpentine  are  put  in  an  iron  p:m 
and  burned  in  the  patient's  room.  The  dense  resinous 
smoke  gives  immediate  relief.  The  fibrinous  matter  soon 
becomes  detached  and  is  coughed  up. 

Clothing- — There  are  some  very  important  principles 
in  regard  to  dress : — 

1.  If  you  desire  health,  do  not  wear  a  belt. 

2.  Avoid   tight   lacing.      Some   of  the   most   beautiful 
women,  including   actresses,  are  giving  up   this  injurious 
practice. 

3.  Do   not   wear,   especially   in   summer,   the   constant 
black,  even  if  in  mourning.     If  you  do  someone  may   be 
mourning  you  too. 

4.  Use  woolens  almost  entirely  for  clothing — always  for 
under-clothing. 

5.  Have  shoes  that  fit  and  give  the  feet  an  abundance  of 
room,  and  not  high  heeled,  but  thick  soled. 

6.  Wear   sufficiently  heavy  woolen   under-garments    so 


112  HEALTH,    HAPPINESS  AND   LONGEVITY. 

that  you  will  not  be  obliged  to  resort  continually  to  over- 
coats. 

7.  In  summer,  use  light  outer  garments — white  flannels 
and  cheviots  are  excellent. 

THE  MOST  IMPORTANT  FUNCTION  OF  UNDER-GARMENTS. 
— It  is  a  great  mistake  to  suppose  that  the  material  of 
which  a  garment  is  made  is  the  most  important  considera- 
tion in  selecting  warm  under-clothing.  The  way  in  which 
the  fabric  is  prepared  and  manufactured  is  of  more  vital 
importance  as  regards  heat  or  coldness  of  the  body  than 
the  actual  material.  A  light  garment  with  large  meshes  is 
more  effective  against  cold  than  a  close,  heavy  one.  What- 
ever an  under-vest  may  be  made  of,  its  real  value  as  a  pro- 
tector from  cold  depends  upon  its  ability  to  inclose  within 
its  meshes  a  certain  quantity  of  air.  This  is  indeed  the 
most  important  function  of  under-garments,  viz.,  to  encircle 
the  whole  body  with  an  envelope  of  warm  air,  and  a  vest- 
ment that  does  not  keep  a  continual  layer  of  warm  air  next 
to  the  skin  is  of  very  little  use. 

We  advise  the  discarding  of  cotton  shirts  altogether  and 
wearing  only  those  of  flannel.  The  best  material  for  an 
under-vest,  where  the  shirt  worn  is  flannel,  is  silk,  but  by  rea- 
son of  high  cost  it  is  within  the  reach  of  a  comparatively 
few  only. 

Hence  woolen  under-vests  must  be  selected.  They 
should  be  large  and  never  tight-fitting,  for  there  must  be 
room  for  the  air  to  circulate  freely  beneath  them.  Good 
taste  suggests  that  the  outside  shirt  be  of  white  flannel,  and 
that  also  must  be  large.  Nearly  all  those  which  are  on 
sale  iii  stores  have  collars,  but  for  a  small  sum  added  to 
the  price  the  dealer  will  make  the  necessary  changes  so  that 
a  linen  collar  may  be  worn. 

With  such  under-clothing  a  man  is  very  well  protected 
against  sudden  changes  of  weather,  and  is  much  less  liable 
to  take  cold  than  he  would  be  with  a  cotton  shirt  on.  Now, 
as  to  chest  protectors.  If  a  man  is  subject  to  colds  during 
the  winter  he  should  wear  a  chest-protector.  In  order  for 
him  to  get  the  full  benefit  of  it  it  should  fit  him  quite  snugly 
at  the  neck  and  extend  front  and  back  to  the  belt.  Dressed 


HEALTH.   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

in  flannels,  as  we  have  recommended,  with  his  chest  well 
covered  by  a  protector,  he  will  be  as  well  fortified  against 
cold  as  under-clothing  of  a  healthful  sort  can  make  him'. 

Dropsy. — It  is  not  generally  known  that  the  silk  on  an 
ear  of  green  corn  is  a  powerful  and  efficient  remedy  for 
dropsy,  for  bladder  troubles  and  diseases  of  the  kidneys. 
In  the  Louisville  Medical  News  we  find  an  account  of  the 
medical  properties  of  corn-silk  and  the  cures  that  have 
been  effected  by  its  use.  The  way  to  use  it  is  to  take  two 
double-handfuls  of  fresh  corn-silk  and  boil  in  two  gallons  of 
water  until  but  a  gallon  remains.  Add  sugar  to  make  a 
syrup.  Drink  a  tumblerful  of  this  thrice  daily,  and  it  will 
relieve  dropsy  by  increasing  the  flow  of  urine.  Other  dis- 
eases of  the  bladder  and  kidneys  are  benefited  by  the  rem- 
edy, which  is  prompt,  efficient,  and  grateful  to  the  stomach. 
The  treatment  can  be  continued  for  months  without  danger 
or  inconvenience.  Bethesda  water  is  just  as  good,  but  both 
together  are  better. 

Dyspepsia. — This  trouble  is  often  the  result  of  decom- 
position of  the  food  before  it  is  digested.  Unless  this  is 
remedied  death  will  ultimately  follow.  A  good  remedy  is 
this:  Thoroughly  brown  some  whole  grain  wheat,  grind  it 
in  un  ordinary  clean  coffee-mill;  eat  of  nothing  else  for  the 
two  last  meals  of  the  day ;  carefully  masticate  it  and  eat 
sparingly  for  a  few  days,  after  that  ad  libitum;  in  ten 
days  you  will  be  well,  if  all  other  suggestions  regarding 
cleanliness  are  followed. 

Ears- — Sapolini  of  Milan  has  described  a  method  of  his 
which  he  states  has  been  successfully  employed  in  62  cases 
of  deafness  of  old  age.  It  consists  in  mopping  the  mem- 
brana  tympani  with  a  weak  oleaginous  solution  of  phos- 
phorus. He  claims  that  the  treatment  diminishes  the 
opacity  of  the  membrane,  increases  the  circulation,  and  im- 
proves the  hearing. 

A  writer  in  a  medical  journal  says:  "Beware  of  too 
much  quinine.  It  will  produce  a  congestion  of  the  ear  and 
irritation  of  the  auditory  nerve.  The  common  habit  of  tak- 
ing quinine  for  neuralgia  and  other  ailments  without  con- 
sulting a  doctor  is  altogether  reprehensible,  and  may  lead 


JJ4  HEALTH,    HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

to  very  serious  results.  Many  cases  of  deafness  are  pro- 
"duced  by  overdoses  and  long-continued  use  of  this  drug." 

Aprysexie  is  the  name  Dr.  Guye,  of  Amsterdam,  chooses 
for  inattentiveness,  and  he  quite  singularly  finds  that  the 
nose  is  a  cause  of  it.  A  dull  boy  became  quick  to  learn 
after  certain  tumors  had  been  taken  from  the  nose,  and  a 
man  who  had  been  troubled  with  vertigo  and  buzzing  in 
the  ears  for  twelve  years  found  mental  labor  easy  after  a 
like  operation.  In  a  third  case  a  medical  student  was  sim- 
ilarly relieved.  Dr.  Guye  supposes  that  these  nasal  troubles 
affect  the  brain  by  preventing  the  cerebral  lymph  from 
circulating  freely. 

Elixir  Brown-Sequard.— The  way  Brown-Sequard 
uses  this  medicine  is  entirely  successful.  Do  not  think  be- 
cause others  have  failed  that  the  principle  is  wrong.  Most 
experimenters,  first,  are  not  careful  in  getting  perfectly 
healthy  specimens  of  animals  from  whose  vitals  the  elixir  is 
made,  while,  secondly,  they  expose  the  liquid  and  allow  it  to 
become  filled  or  impregnated  with  microbes  and  various  for- 
eign elements. 

The  process  of  administration  is  thus  described: — 

The  syringe  punctures  the  cuticle,  or  scarf-skin,  and  the 
cutis,  or  true  skin,  and  then  enters  the  subcutaneous  or 
cellular  tissue  which  covers  the  muscles,  or  flesh.  Through 
all  the  tissues  of  the  body  run  the  lymphatics,  which  convey 
the  injected  matter  to  the  lymph  channels,  these  in  turn  to 
the  veins,  and  thence  throughout  the  system.  A  half  ounce 
of  the  fluid  will  be  distributed  in  from  one  to  three  hours. 
Sometimes  the  subject  might  feel  the  stimulus  very  quickly, 
and  in  some  cases  hours  might  elapse  before  any  effect  was 
felt.  The  human  system  is  able  to  absorb  almost  an  un- 
limited amount  of  this  liquid,  if  administered  properly  and 
if  pure. 

Epidemics. — The  history  of  severe  plagues  is  remark- 
able. The  first  great  pestilence  in  a  comparatively  civilized 
nation  was  the  one  at  Athens  about  400  B.  c.  On  account 
of  being  shut  up  by  the  Spartans  in  their  crowded  city  the 
Athenians  had  this  terrible  experience.  It  carried  off 
thousands — nearly  two-thirds  of  the  population.  In  the 


HEALTH.   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY.  ]]5 

reign  qjf  the  Emperor  Justinian  no  less  than  100,000,000 
inhabitants  died  in  thirty  years  from  a  pestilence  that 
swept  from  Persia  to  Gaul.  Later,  in  the  fourteenth  cent- 
ury, the  plague  of  beautiful  Florence  in  Italy  killed  80,- 
000  people  in  six  months.  In  1665-66  London  was  a 
vast  pest-house  and  during  September  of  1666  the  weekly 
death  rate  reached  the  number  of  8,000.  In  America  the 
sunny  South  has  witnessed  the  blasting  effects  of  yellow 
fever  during  the  last  fifteen  years.  In  1878,  Florida  had 
2,649  deaths,  and  New  Orleans  3,977  from  yellow  fever. 
Fully  33$  of  those  attacked  succumbed.  In  the  same 
year  4,200  people  died  of  it  at  Memphis.  The  last  impor- 
tant run  of  this  epidemic  was  in  1888,  at  Jacksonville  and 
Decatur.  There  the  deaths  averaged  10$  of  those  attacked. 

The  duration  of  the  infection  stages  of  various  diseases  is 
thus  given  by  Dr.  T.  F.  Pearse,  an  English  physician:  Mea- 
sles, from  the  2d  day  of  the  disease  for  3  weeks;  small-pox, 
from  the  1st  day  for  4  weeks;  scarlet  fever,  from  the  4th 
day  for  7  weeks;  mumps,  from  the  2d  day  for  3  weeks; 
diphtheria,  from  the  1st  day  for  3  weeks.  The  incubation 
periods,  or  intervals  occurring  between  exposure  to  infection 
and  the  first  symptoms,  are  as  follows:  Whooping-cough,  14 
days;  mumps,  18  days;  measles,  10  days;  small-pox,  12 
days ;  scarlet  fever,  3  days ;  diphtheria,  14  days. 

Scarlet  fever  is  at  its  minimum  from  January  to  May, 
and  at  its  maximum  in  October  and  November.  Diph- 
theria is  more  evenly  distributed  through  the  year,  and  is 
most  dangerous  a  little  later  than  scarlet  fever.  Measles 
and  whooping-cough  seem  to  be  somewhat  aggravated  by 
cold  weather,  but  are  most  fatal  in  May  and  June.  Hot 
weather  is  adverse  to  small-pox,  and  favorable  to  disorders 
of  the  bowels,  particularly  in  children. 

THE   DIFFERENCE   BETWEEN   MEASLES  AND   SMALL-POX. 

— At  the  outset  of  a  popular  eruption  it  is  often  difficult  to 
decide  whether  the  case  is  one  of  measles  or  of  small-pox. 
M.  Grisol's  method  of  diagnosis  is  as  follows  (Medical  Times): 
"  If,  upon  stretching  a  portion  of  the  skin,  the  papule  be- 
comes impalpable  to  the  touch,  the  eruption  is  caused  by 
measles ;  if,  on  the  contrary,  the  papule  is  still  felt  when  the 


116  HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND   LONGEVITY. 

skin  is  drawn  out,  the  eruption  is  the  result  of  small- 
pox." 

Erysipelas. — It  has  long  been  known  that  an  attack 
of  erysipelas  exerts  a  remarkable  influence  upon  other  dis- 
eases, and  the  attempt  has-  been  made  to  cure  more  serious 
maladies  by  deliberately  inoculating  the  patient  with  the 
virus  of  erysipelas.  In  a  recent  case  in  Norway,  the 
growth  of  a  cancer  was  greatly  retarded  by  this  means,  and 
life  was  probably  prolonged  a  few  weeks  or  even  months, 
though  no  cure  was  effected. 

Exercise. — Ben.  Hogan,  the  reformed  pugilist,  has  ad- 
vanced some  practical  ideas : — 

"  In  every  city  there  are  thousands  of  rich  men  and  women 
who  are  ready  to  commit  suicide  because  of  ill-health. 
'What  is  wealth  without  health?'  they  say.  'Nothing,' I 
should  say ;  but  I  do  say  that,  while  every  man  cannot 
amass  wealth,  every  man  can  secure  good  health.  I  know 
a  man  who  owns  a  fine  horse.  He  employs  two  men  to 
take  care  of  that  horse  and  keep  him  in  condition.  He  is 
exercised,  sponged,  and  blanketed  daily.  Does  the  owner 
himself  have  a  man  to  take  care  of  him  ? — No.  He  possi- 
bly bathes  once  a  week.  He  arises  at  8  o'clock  in  the 
morning,  throws  his  breakfast  down  without  masticating  it, 
and  madly  rushes  off  to  his  business.  At  noon  he  rushes 
into  a  restaurant  and  eats  his  dinner  in  five  minutes.  On 
he  goes,  hiring  men  to  look  after  the  health  of  his  horse, 
but  never  stops  to  think  of  his  own  body  and  its  needs. 

."  A  man  cannot  digest  his  food  unless  he  eats  carefully. 
A  meal  should  never  be  eaten  in  less  than  one  hour.  Glad- 
stone says  he  bites  each  piece  of  meat  he  puts  into  his  mouth 
twenty  times  before  he  swallows  it,  and  that  isn't  too  often. 
The  men  of  to-day  who  throw  their  food  into  their  stomach 
are  physical  wrecks  in  fifteen  years.  The  American  doctor 
studies  medicine  when  he  should  study  nature;  instead  of 
trying  to  prevent  disease,  they  try  to  cure.  There  are  many 
people  who  do  not  take  a  bath  in  two  years  and  they  prema- 
turely die  from  poisoning.  The  poison  that  accumulates 
under  the  first  layer  of  skin  breeds  disease  and  sooner  or 
later  must  come  death. 


HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY.  }17 

"There  are  thousands  of  people  dying  of  consumption 
who  haven't  sense  enough  to  know  that  they  can  throw  it 
off.  No  man  who  is  lazy  can  become  healthy,  for  the  best 
way  to  bring  health  is  by  physical  development.  I  have 
seen  thousands  of  young  men  apparently  on  the  verge  of  the 
grave  grow  strong  by  following  this  daily  routine:  When 
you  get  up  in  the  morning  rub  yourself  with  a  rough  towel 
until  the  blood  is  in  circulation,  and  then  take  a  cold  bath. 
Never  take  a  cold  bath  without  getting  the  blood  in  circu- 
lation, for  it  is  dangerous.  After  the  bath  rub  the  flesh  for 
three-quarters  of  an  hour.  Then  take  a  cup  of  tea  and  eat 
some  toast,  and  start  out  for  a  half  hour's  walk.  Don't 
plod  slowly  along  the  streets,  but  walk  as  rapidly  as  your 
legs  will  carry  you.  When  you  return  you  are  ready  for 
breakfast.  Eat  rice,  mutton  chops,  and  toast,  and  drink  tea. 
If  you  are  a  business  man  you  are  ready  for  business,  but  if 
you  are  training  for  an  athlete  you  will  again  start  upon 
the  walk  and  keep  it  up  all  day.  A  man  under  training  is 
required  to  walk  at  least  forty  miles  every  day.  When  he 
returns  from  his  walk  he  is  put  under  blankets  until  he  has 
cooled,  and  then  again  put  in  the  bath-tub.  He  is  taken 
out  and  rubbed  or  manipulated.  Then  he  is  ready  for  din- 
ner. The  athlete  or  pugilist  would  be  required  to  eat  raw 
ham  or  raw  steak  without  salt  or  pepper.  Pugilists  are  not 
allowed  to  use  pepper,  because  it  heats  the  blood.  For  men 
who  are  not  undergoing  training  for  pugilists  I  would  ad- 
vise a  dinner  on  rare  beef,  rice,  and  other  vegetables  cooked 
dry." 

Eyes. — A  writer  in  CasselVs  Magazine  gives  the  follow- 
ing rules  for  the  use  and  care  of  the  eyes: — 

"  1.  Sit  erect  in  your  chair  when  reading,  and  as  erect 
when  writing  as  possible.  If  you  bend  downward  you  not 
only  gorge  the  eyes  with  blood,  but  the  brain  as  well,  and 
both  suffer.  The  same  rule  should  apply  to  the  use  of  the 
microscope.  Get  one  that  will  enable  you  to  look  at  things 
horizontally,  not  always  vertically. 

"  2.  Have  a  reading-lamp  for  night  use.  N.  B. — In 
reading  the  light  should  be  on  the  book  or  paper  and  the 
eyes  in  the  shade.  If  you  have  no  reading-lam]),  turn  your 


11$  HEALTH,  HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

back  to  the  light  and  you  may  read  without  danger  to  your 
eyes. 

"  3.  Hold  the  book  at  your  focus ;  if  that  begins  to  get 
far  away  use  spectacles. 

"  4.  Avoid  reading  by  the  flickering  light  of  the  fire. 

"  5.  Avoid  straining  the  eyes  by  reading  in  the  gloam- 
ing. 

"  6.  Reading  in  bed  is  injurious  as  a  rule.  It  must  be 
admitted,  however,  that  in  cases  of  sleeplessness,  when  the 
mind  is  inclined  to  ramble  over  a  thousand  thoughts  a  min- 
ute, reading  steadies  the  thoughts  and  conduces  to  sleep. 

"7.  Do  not  read  much  in  a  railway  carriage.  I  myself 
always  do,  however,  only  in  a  good  light,  and  I  invariably 
carry  a  good  reading-lamp  to  hang  on  behind  me.  Thou- 
sands of  people  would  travel  by  night  rather  than  by  day 
if  the  companies  could  only  see  their  way  to  the  exclusive 
use  of  the  electric  light. 

"  8.  Authors  should  have  black-ruled  paper  instead  of 
blue,  and  should  never  strain  the  eyes  by  reading  too  fine 
types. 

"  9.  The  bedroom  blinds  should  be  red  or  gray,  and  the 
head  of  the  bed  should  be  toward  the  window. 

"  10.  Those  ladies  who  not  only  write  but  sew  should  not 
attempt  the  black  seam  by  night. 

"  11.  When  you  come  to  an  age  that  suggests  the  wearing 
of  spectacles,  let  no  false  modesty  prevent  you  from  getting 
a  pair.  If  you  have  only  one  eye,  an  eye-glass  will  do ; 
otherwise  it  is  folly. 

"12.  Go  to  the  wisest  and  best  optician  you  know  of,  and 
state  your  wants  and  your  case  plainly,  and  be  assured  you 
will  be  properly  fitted. 

"13.  Remember  that  bad  spectacles  are  most  injurious  to 
the  eyes,  and  that  good  and  well-chosen  ones  are  a  decided 
luxury. 

"  14.  Get  a  pair  for  reading  with,  and  if  necessary  a  long- 
distance pair  for  use  outdoors." 
Further  rules  are : — 
Avoid  all  sudden  changes  between  light  and  darkness. 


HKALTH,    HAPPINESS   AND   LONGEVITY.  H9 

Never  begin  to  read,  write,  or  sew  for  several  minutes 
after  coming  from  darkness  to  a  bright  light. 

Never  read  by  twilight  or  moonlight,  or  on  dark,  cloudy 
days. 

When  reading,  it  is  best  to  let  the  light  fall  from  above 
obliquely  over  the  left  shoulder. 

Do  not  use  the  eye-sight  by  light  so  scant  that  it  requires 
an  effort  to  discriminate. 

The  moment  you  are  instinctively  prompted  to  rub  your 
eyes  that  moment  stop  using  them. 

If  the  eyelids  are  glued  together  on  waking  up  do  not 
forcibly  open  them,  but  apply  saliva  with  the  finger.  It  is 
the  speediest  diluent  in  the  world ;  then  wash  your  eyes 
and  lace  in  warm  water. 

In  the  selection  of  books  or  pamphlets  see  that  the  paper 
is  of  a  slight  orange  tint;  this  shade  is  the  most  pleasant 
for  the  eye  to  look  upon. 

The  following  is  recommended  as  an  efficient  means  of 
removing  particles  from  the  eye:  Make  a  loop  by  doubling 
a  horse  hair ;  raise  the  lid  of  the  eye  in  "which  is  the  foreign 
particle ;  slip  the  loop  over  it,  and  placing  the  lid  in  con- 
tact with  the  eyeball,  withdraw  the  loop,  and  the  parti- 
cle will  be  drawn  out  with  it. 

An  old  locomotive  engineer  gives  the  following  as  an  in- 
fallible method  to  eradicate  any  foreign  substance  from  the 
eye,  viz.,  close  the*  eyes,  and  rub  gently  from  right  to  left 
with  a  circular  motion  the  well  eye. 

Food. — Of  all  the  fruits  we  are  blest  with,  the  peach  is 
the  most  digestible.  There  is  nothing  more  palatable, 
wholesome,  and  medicinal  than  good,  ripe  peaches.  They 
should  be  ripe  but  not  overripe  and  half  rotten ;  and  of  this 
kind  they  may  make  a  part  of  either  meal,  or  be  eaten  be- 
tween meals;  but  it  is  better  to  make  them  a  part  of  the 
regular  meals,  say  a  Hairs  Journal  of  Health,  a  medical  au- 
thority. It  is  a  mistaken  idea  that  no  fruit  should  be  eaten 
at  breakfast.  It  would  be  far  better  if  our  people  would 
eat  less  bacon  and  grease  at  breakfast  and  more  fruit.  In 
the  morning  there  is  an  arid  state  of  the  secretions,  and 
nothing  is  so  well  calculated  to  correct  this  as  cooling,  sub- 


120  HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

acid  fruits,  such  as  peaches,  apples,  etc.  The  apple  is  one 
of  the  best  of  fruits.  Baked  or  stewed  apples  will  generally 
agree  with  the  most  delicate  stomach,  and  are  an  excellent 
medicine  in  many  cases  of  sickness.  Green  or  half-ripe 
apples  stewed  and  sweetened  are  pleasant  to  the  taste,  cool- 
ing, nourishing,  and  laxative,  far  superior,  in  many  cases,  to 
the  abominable  doses  of  salts  and  oil  usually  given  in  fever 
and  other  diseases.  Raw  apples  and  dried  apples  stewed 
are  better  for  constipation  than  liver  pills.  Oranges  are 
very  acceptable  to  most  stomachs,  having  all  the  advan- 
tages of  the  acid  alluded  to;  but  the  orange  juice  alone 
should  be  taken,  rejecting  the  pulp.  The  same  may  be 
said  of  lemonade,  pomegranates,  and  all  that  class.  Lemon- 
ade is  the  best  drink  in  fevers,  and  when  thickened  with 
sugar  is  better  than  syrup  of  squills  and  other  nauseants  in 
many  cases  of  cough.  Tomatoes  act  on  the  liver  and  bow- 
els, and  are  much  more  pleasant  and  safe  than  blue  mass 
and  "liver  regulators."  The  juice  should  be  used  alone, 
rejecting  the  skins.  The  small-seeded  fruits,  such  as  black- 
berries, figs,  raspberries,  currants,  and  strawberries,  may  be 
classed  among  the  best  foods  and  medicines.  The  sugar  in 
them  is  nutritious,  the  acid  is  cooling  and  purifying,  and  the 
seeds  are  laxative.  We  would  be  much  the  gainers  if  we 
would  look  more  to  our  orchards  and  gardens  for  our  medi- 
cines and  less  to  our  drug  stores.  To  cure  fever  or  act  on  the 
kidneys  no  febrifuge  or  diuretic  is  superior  to  water-melon, 
which  may,  with  very  few  exceptions,  be  taken  in  sickness 
and  health  in  almost  unlimited  quantities,  not  only  without 
injury  but  with  positive  benefit.  But  in  using  them  the 
water  or  juice  should  be  taken,  excluding  the  pulp,  and  the 
melon  should  be  ripe  and  fresh,  but  not  overripe  and  stale. 
While,  undeniably,  a  mixed  diet  is  the  best  for  man,  there  is 
a  mistaken  notion,  which  prevails  to  a  great  extent,  that 
meat  should  largely  enter  into  the  same.  As  a  consequence, 
much  more  is  eaten  than  is  needed  or  can  properly  be  dis- 
posed of  in  the  system.  Never  eat  meat  oftener  than  once  a 
day,  and  very  sparingly  in  summer.  Men  of  sedentary 
habits  might  with  safety  for  several  days  at  a  time  during 
that  season  live  on  vegetables,  fruits,  milk,  breadstuffs,  and 


HEALTH,    HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY.  121 

foods  of  like  character,  which  are  easy  of  digestion.  For 
those  who  have  good  reason  to  believe  that  their  "kidneys 
are  weak,"  a  diet  largely  made  up  of  meat  is  ill-advised. 
Those  organs  are  intimately  concerned  in  its  disposal  in  the 
system,  and  hence  are  overtasked  if  it  is  taken  in  too  great 
a  quantity. 

Reasons  Why  a  Strictly  Vegetable  Diet  Is  to  Be  Preferred 
to  Animal  Food.—£he  food  which  is  most  enjoyed,  says  a 
writer  in  Longman's  Magazine,  is  the  food  we  call  bread 
and  fruit.  In  my  long  medical  career,  I  have  rarely 
known  an  instance  in  which  a  child  has  not  preferred  fruit 
to  animal  food.  I  have  been  many  times  called  upon  to 
treat  children  for  stomachic  disorders  induced  by  pressing 
upon  them  animal  to  the  exclusion  of  fruit  diet,  and  have 
seen  the  best  results  occur  from  the  practice  of  reverting  to 
the  use  of  fruit  in  the  dietary.  I  say  it  without  the  least 
prejudice,  as  a  lesson  learned  from  simple  experience,  that 
the  most  natural  diet  for  the  young,  after  the  natural  milk 
diet,  is  fruit  and  whole-meal  bread,  with  milk  and  water  for 
drink.  The  desire  for  this  same  mode  of  sustenance  is 
often  continued  into  after- years,  as  if  the  resort  to  flesh  were 
a  forced  and  artificial  feeding,  which  required  long  and 
persistent  habit  to  establish  as  a  permanency  as  a  part  of  the 
system  of  every-day  life.  How  strongly  this  preference 
taste  for  fruit  over  animal  food  prevails  is  shown  by  the 
simple  fact  of  the  retention  of  those  foods  in  the  mouth. 
Fruit  is  retained,  to  be  tasted  and  relished.  Animal  food, 
to  use  a  common  phrase,  is  "  bolted."  There  is  a  natural 
desire  to  retain  the  delicious  fruit  for  full  mastication; 
there  is  no  such  desire,  except  in  the  trained  gormand,  for 
the  retention  of  animal  substance.  One  further  fact  which 
I  have  observed — and  that  too  often  to  discard  it — as  a  fact 
of  great  moment,  is  that  when  a  person  of  mature  years 
has  for  a  time  given  up  voluntarily  the  use*of  animal  food 
in  favor  of  vegetable,  the  sense  of  repugnance  to  animal 
food  is  soon  so  markedly  developed  that  a  return  to  it  is 
overcome  with  the  utmost  difficulty.  Neither  is  this  a 
mere  fancy  or  fad  peculiar  to  sensitive  men  or  oversenti- 
mental  women.  I  have  been  surprised  to  sec  it  manifested 


122  HEALTH,  HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

in  men  who  are  the  very  reverse  of  sentimental,  and  who 
were,  in  fact,  quite  ashamed  to  admit  themselves  guilty  of 
any  such  weakness.  I  have  heard  those  who  have  gone 
over  from  a  mixed  diet  of  animal  and  vegetable  food  to  a 
poor  vegetable  diet  speak  of  feeling  low  under  the  new  sys- 
tem, and  declare  that  they  must  needs  give  it  up  in  conse- 
quence; but  I  have  found  even  these  (without  exception) 
declare  that  they  infinitely  preferred  the  simpler,  purer,  and, 
as  it  seemed  to  them,  more  natural  food  plucked  from  the 
prime  source  of  food,  untainted  by  its  passage  through  an- 
other animal  body. 

There  are  thirty  vegetarian  restaurants  in  London,  and 
a  vegetarian  hotel  is  the  latest  move  in  the  right  direction. 

The  time  required  to  digest  different  kinds  of  food  : — 

Hours.  Hours.  Hours. 

Roasted  pork 5.15  Roasted  beef.... .3. 00  Trout  (broiledj..l.30 

Salt  beef  (boil'd)4.15  Raw  oysters 2.45  Tripe 1.00 

Veal  (boiled) 4.00  Roasted  turkey..2.30  Pig's  feet 1.00 

Boiled  hens 4.00  Boiled  milk 2.00  Eggs  (hard  boil'd) 

Roasted  mutton. 3.15  Boiled  codfish. ..2.00  3.30  to  5.30 

Boiled  beef. 3.30  Venison  steak. ..1.35  Eggs  (soft  boil'd)3.00 

The  above  is  taken  from  Beaumont's  "  Experiments  on 
Digestion."  Dal  ton  comments  on  these  observations  as  fol- 
lows :  tl  These  results  would  not  always  be  precisely  the 
same  for  different  persons,  since  there  are  variations  in  this 
respect  according  to  age  and  temperament.  Thus,  in  most 
instances,  mutton  would  probably  be  equally  digestible  with 
beef,  or  perhaps  more  so ;  and  milk,  which  in  some  persons 
is  easily  digested,  in  others  is  disposed  of  with  considerable 
difficulty.  But  as  a  general  rule,  the  comparative  digesti- 
bility of  different  substances  is  no  doubt  correctly  expressed 
by  the  above  list." 

To  Ascertain  Pure  Milk. — Take  an  extra  quart  of  milk 
any  day  from  your  milkman  and  put  it  in  a  glass  jar,  an 
ordinary  fruit-jar  will  do;  set  it  away  and  await  results. 
The  proportion  of  cream  on  top  shows  the  richness  of  the 
milk.  Let  it  alone  until  it  turns  to  clabber,  and  if  there  is 
any  water  in  it,  it  will  appear  between  the  cream  and  the 
clabber.  After  fermentation  sets  in,  the  water  will  sink  to 
the  bottom.  If  there  has  been  no  water  put  into  the  milk, 


HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY.  123 

none  will  show.     By  trying  milk  from  different  milkmen, 
you  can  readily  see  which  is  the  best. 

We  will  add  under  food  that  eggs  should  be  kept  in  oak 
or  porcelain  receptacles,  not  in  pine  boxes,  as  they  partake 
of  the  odor  of  the  pine. 

Freckles- — A  young  lady  of  St.  Louis  says:  "I  acci- 
dentally discovered  a  sovereign  remedy  a  couple  of  years 
ago,  which  costs  next  to  nothing.  One  day  the  plumber 
shut  our  water  off,  and  I  could  get  none  in  which  to  wash 
my  face.  I  was  fearfully  soiled,  and,  looking  out  of  the 
window  just  then,  I  saw  a  friend  approaching  to  call  on 
me.  Glancing  about  me,  I  noticed  half  a  water-melon  from 
which  the  meat  had  been  removed  some  time  before.  It  was 
partly  filled  with  juice,  and  I  hastily  washed  my  face  in  it. 
The  result  was  so  southing  that  I  repeatedly  washed  my 
face  in  that  manner.  Judge  of  my  astonishment  a  few  days 
later  on  seeing  that  there  was  not  a  freckle  left  on  my  face." 

Gargle. — An  excellent  gargle  for  general  use  is : — 
Chloras  Potass.,  3  ounces. 
Tannin,  2  drachms. 

Dissolve  one  teaspoonful  in  half  a  pint  of  water,  which 
will  keep  for  several  days.  For  bronchial  trouble  or  bleed- 
ing at  the  lungs,  gargle  the  throat  often;  but  for  general 
cleanliness,  gargle  a  little  every  morning;  for  catarrh,  not 
only  gargle  but  snuff  some  up  the  nose. 

Hair. — To  prevent  hair  from  falling  out,  headache,  neu- 
ralgia, brain  fever,  etc.,  the  hair  should  be  worn  compara- 
tively short  by  both  sexes,  washed  and  dried  every  day.  To 
preserve  the  hair  this  is  a  good  recipe:  Take  a  teaspoon- 
ful of  dried  sage;  boil  it  in  a  quart  of  water  for  twenty 
minutes.  Strain  it  off  and  add  a  piece  of  borax  the  size  of 
an  English  walnut;  pulverize  the  borax.  Put  the  sage 
tea,  when  cold,  into  a  quart  bottle ;  add  the  borax ;  shake 
well  together  and  put  in  a  cool  place.  Brush  the  hair 
thoroughly  and  rub  and  wash  well  on  the  head  with  the 
hand ;  then,  after  a  good  hard  rubbing,  brush  the  hair  well 
before  a  fire,  so  that  it  will  become  perfectly  dry.  Never 
use,  a  fine-tooth  comb,  as  it  irritates  the  skin,  and  conse- 
quently inflames  the  roots  of  the  hair. 


124  HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

Headache. — The  causes  are:  "Overstudy,  overwork 
in-doors,  neglect  of  the  bath,  want  of  fresh  air  in  bedrooms, 
nervousness,  however  induced;  want  of  abundant  skin-ex- 
citing exercise,  the  excitement  inseparable  from  a  fashiona- 
able  life,  neglect  of  the  ordinary  rules  that  conduce  to 
health,  overindulgence  in  food,  especially  of  a  stimulat- 
ing character,  weakness  or  debility  of  body,  however 
produced  (this  can  only  be  remedied  by  proper  nutriment), 
work  or  study  in-doors,  carried  on  in  an  unnatural  or 
cramped  position  of  the  body.  Literary  men  and  women 
ought  to  do  most  of  their  work  at  a  standing  desk,  lying 
down  now  and  then  to  ease  the  brain  and  heart,  and  per- 
mit iueas  to  flow.  They  should  work  out-of-doors  in  fine 
weather — with  their  feet  resting  on  a  board,  not  on  the 
earth — and  under  canvas  in  wet  weather.  It  is  surprising 
the  good  this  simple  advice,  if  followed,  can  effect. 

Health  Beverages. — Lemons  make  the  best  beverage. 
They  are  very  healthy  and  good,  not  only  for  allaying  the 
thirst,  but  will  cure  a  multitude  of  disorders.  The  juice  of 
the  lemon  contains  citric  acid.  Acids,  as  a  rule,  decrease 
the  acid  secretion  of  the  body  and  increase  the  alkaline. 
Citric  acid,  which  is  the  acid  of  lemons  and  oranges,  for  in- 
stance, will  diminish  the  secretions  of  gastric  juice,  but  in- 
creases very  materially  the  secretion  of  saliva.  The  very 
thought  of  a  lemon  is  sufficient  to  make  the  mouth  water. 
Thirst  in  fevers  is  not  always  due  to  lack  of  water  in  the 
blood.  It  may  be  due  in  part  to  a  lack  of  the  secretion  of 
the  saliva.  When  the  mouth  is  parched  and  dry,  the  acid 
will  increase  the  saliva.  When  acid  is  given  for  the  relief 
of  dyspepsia  it  should  be  taken  before  eating.  Lemon 
juice  drank  before  meals  will  be  found  very  advantageous 
as  a  preventive  of  heart-burn. 

Drinks  for  the  Voice. — Tea,  coffee,  and  cocoa  are  three 
admissible  drinks,  but  none  in  excess.  For  the  voice 
cocoa  is  the  most  beneficial.  It  should  never  be  made  too 
strong,  and  those  cocoas  are  the  best  that  have  been  de- 
prived of  their  oil.  A  cup  of  thin  cocoa,  just  warm,  is 
more  to  be  recommended  between  the  exertions  of  singing 
than  any  alcoholic  beverage.  Tea  must  not  be  taken  too 


HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY.  125 

strong,  nor  when  it  has  drawn  too  long,  for  tea  then  be- 
comes acid,  and  has  a  bad  influence  on  the  mucous  mem- 
brane that  lines  the  throat.  There  is  always  a  dry  sensa- 
tion after  having  taken  a  cup  of  tea  that  has  been  allowed 
to  draw  too  long.  A  vocalist  had  better  do  without  sugar 
ill  tea  and  only  take  milk  with  it. 

Hernia  Or  Rupture. — A  swelling  suddenly  appearing 
in  the  abdomen,  and  especially  in  the  groin,  may  be  recog- 
nized as  a  rupture,  particularly  if  it  puffs  out,  or  grows 
larger  when  the  patient  breathes  or  coughs  violently.  If, 
for  any  reason,  the  services  of  a  physician  cannot  be  im- 
mediately secured,  the  patient  should  lie  down  on  his  back, 
draw  up  his  knees,  and,  while  he  breathes  gently,  rest  his 
fingers  upon  the  rupture,  and  press  it  in  all  directions.  In 
most  cases  the  hernia  will  slip  back  when  thus  treated. 
TiK-ii  apply  a  bandage  to  hold  the  bowels  in  place  long 
enough  for  the  person  to  have  a  truss  fitted  to  him.  Dur- 
ing this  period  the  bowels  should  be  kept  regular. 

The  author  of  this  book  was  cured  of  rupture  of  the 
right  groin  completely.  Though  having  worn  trusses  of 
diilerent  patterns  for  25  years,  the  one  that  effected  a 
permanent  remedy  was  an  electric  elastic  truss,  invented 
by  Dr.  A.  T.  Sherwood,  408  Stockton  Street,  this  city. 
This  is  no  advertisement,  but  wishing  to  help  others  who 
are  afflicted,  we  are  of  the  opinion  that  it  will  cure 
lour  out  of  every  five  cases  that  exist,  provided  the  patient 
will  pursue  a  careful  course  otherwise.  My  treatment  re- 
quiivd  k'.«s  than  4  months. 

Hiccoughing1. — Sweet-flag  (calamus)  is  claimed  to  be 
an  agent  that  will  relieve  and  stop  persistent  hiccough  in 
almost  any  case.  Chew  a  small  piece  of  the  root. 

Hydrophobia. — Rabies,  the  madness  produced  by  the 
bite  of  mad  animals,  is  oflen  apprehended  when  there  is  no 
danger.  In  case  the  supposed  mad  creature  has  been 
killed,  an  important  means  of  information  is  lost.  If  possi- 
ble, the  animal  should  be  secured  and  closely  watched. 
If  he  does  not  show  signs  of  rabies,  the  bitten  person  need 
have  no  fear;  but,  in  any  case,  when  one  has  been  bitten, 
the  wound  should  be  washed  with  hot  water,  sucked,  by 


126  HEALTH,    HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

some  person  whose  mouth  is  free  from  sores,  and  then 
thoroughly  cauterized  with  pure  nitric  acid  or  concentrated 
liquor  of  ammonia.  The  patient's  strength  should  be  sus- 
tained by  stimulants,  and  medical  attendance  should  be  se- 
cured as  soon  as  possible. 

Drs.  Valentine  Mott  and  A.  F.  Baldwin,  of  the  Carnegie 
Laboratory,- are  prepared  to  inoculate  hydrophobia  patients 
according  to  the  Pasteur  system.  The  first  patient  was  the 
seven-year-old  son  of  Dr.  Newell,  of  Jersey  City.  Dr. 
Mott  inoculated  himself  to  prove  the  harmlessness  of  the 
method  for  a  healthy  man. 

It  has  been  discovered  recently  that  the  juice  of  the  ma- 
guey plant  is  a  certain  remedy  for  hydrophobia. 

Influenza  (La  Grippe). — The  first  symptoms  of  the 
disease  are  sudden  faintness,  a  chill,  and  marked  prostration, 
succeeded  by  headache  and  a  general  feeling  of  malaria, 
followed  by  acute  coryza,  pharyngitis,  and  slight  laryngitis, 
winding  up  with  bronchitis.  Examination  shows  that  the 
patients  are  about  as  sick  as  persons  with  a  bad  cold.  The 
duration  of  the  attack  is  from  2  to  10  days  and  upward. 
An  application  of  2  parts  turpentine  to  1  of  sweet-oil  placed 
on  the" chest  over  the  lungs,  and  then  inhale  the  steam  from 
steeped  eucalyptus  leaves,  is  the  best  remedy  we  know. 

Insomnia. — The  next  time  a  sufferer  finds  himself 
awake,  say  2  or  3  o'clock  in  the  morning,  instead  of  merely 
trying  to  banish  the  painful  thought  and  repeating  numbers, 
according  to  habit,  let  him  revert  at  once  to  the  dream 
which  was  the  cause  of  his  awakening,  and  try  to  go  on 
with  it.  Sleep  will  come  soon.  It  is  stated  on  good  au- 
thority that  this  experiment,  oft  repeated,  has  never  been 
known  to  fail. 

A  correspondent  of  the  Lancet  gives  the  following 
method  of  self-asphyxiation  as  an  effectual  remedy  for  in- 
somnia in  his  own  case :  After  taking  a  deep  inspiration,  he 
holds  his  breath  till  discomfort  is  felt,  then  repeats  the  proc- 
ess a  second  and  third  time.  As  a  rule  this  is  enough  to 
procure  sleep.  A  slight  degree  of  asphyxia  is  thus  relied 
on  as  a  soporific  agent. 

Leprosy- — An    interesting    report    by   the    Hawaiian 


HEALTH,    HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY.  127 

Board  of  Health  is  in  our  hands;  incomplete  statistics  give 
the  number  of  lepers  in  the  several  islands  of  the  Hawaiian 
group  on  January  1,  1888,  as  400.  A  statement  of  the 
leper  population  at  Leper  Settlement  at  Molokai  for  the 
biennial  period  ending  March  31,  1888,  is  749. 

The  report  says:  "Accurate  statistics  as  to  the  number 
of  lepers  still  at  large  in  the  various  communities  of  this 
country  cannot  be  obtained."  It  is  estimated  from  the  best 
data  obtainable,  that  there  were  644  lepers  at  large  on  the 
islands  on  March  31,  1888. 

The  report  says:  "The  rations  furnished  each  leper  at 
the  Leper  Settlement  on  Molokai  are  abundant  for  the  sup- 
port of  any  adult  Hawaiian." 

One  of  the  embarrassing  questions  the  board  is  called 
upon  to  decide  is,  how  many  of  the  non-leper  friends  and 
relatives  of  the  afflicted  ones  shall  be  allowed  to  go  and 
live  with  them  at  the  leper  settlement  as  helpers,  or  kokuas, 
the  number  of  applicants  being  in  excess  of  the  demand. 
The  great  obstacle  to  be  overcome  in  carrying  out  the  law 
of  segregation  consists  in  the  fact  that  the  Hawaiiansdo  not 
appreciate  and  refuse  to  be  convinced  that  leprosy  is  a  com- 
municable disease.  It  is  with  them  as  if  devotion  to  a  fatal 
sentimentality  had  bid  defiance  to  every  instinct  of  self-pres- 
ervation. Marriages  between  leprous  and  non-leprous  indi- 
viduals are  freely  contracted,  and  the  intimacies  are  not  pre- 
vented by  the  fact  of  potent  evidences  of  the  disease.  "If 
this  race  is  ever  to  be  rescued  from  the  slough  into  which  it 
is  sinking,  the  fatal  lethargy  that  stupefies  them  must  be  dis- 
pelled, the  instinct  of  self-preservation  must  be  awakened, 
and  it  must  be  written  upon  their  hearts,  as  with  the  point  of 
a  diamond,  that  to  voluntarily  contaminate  one's  self  with 
leprosy  is  a  crime.  In  spite  of  a  number  of  claims  to  the 
contrary,  we  believe  it  safe  to  say  that  no  one  has  been 
able  to  prove,  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  medical  profession, 
who  very  rightly  demand  full  proof  in  such  cases,  that  a 
single  unmistakable  case  of  this  disease  has  been  definitely 
cured."  Says  the  report:  '•  It  is  necessary  always  to  bear 
in  mind  that  the  symptoms  of  leprosy,  like  those  of  some 
oilier  diseases,  have  a  way  of  receding  or  entirely  disap- 


128  HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

pearing  for  a  time,  only  to  show  themselves  again  when 
least  expected." 

Government  physicians  generally  attribute  the  causes 
which  are  checking  the  increase  of  the  Hawaiian  popula- 
tion to  be  leprosy;  also  the  indolent  and  easy  nature  of  the 
natives,  which  causes  them  to  rest  content,  provided  they  can 
obtain  the  bare  necessities  of  life.  They  are  content  to  sit 
idle  while  their  places  are  being  filled  with  Chinese,  and 
their  lands  are  gradually  passing  from  their  possession. 
This  apathy  causes  them  to  degenerate,  botli  mentally  and 
physically,  and  thus  leads  to  the  smalluess  of  families  and 
the  general  extinction  of  the  race. 

The  following  description  of  how  this  terrible  disease  de- 
velops and  affects  the  patient  is  taken  from  the  Hankow 
(China)  Medical  Mission  report :  "Leprosy  is  common.  It 
chiefly  affects  men  who  work  in  the  field;  we  have  met 
with  it  in  brothers;  it  is  occasionally  met  with  in  women. 
The  age  varies  from  ten  to  fifty  years.  Often  the  first 
symptom  complained  of  is  some  localized  anaesthesia — 
which  is  sometimes  quite  accidentally  discovered — in  the 
feet,  hands,  or  face,  which  are  the  parts  that  are  most  com- 
monly affected.  The  sensory  nerves  are  first  affected,  and 
sensation  as  a  rule  absent  partially  or  completely.  The  an- 
aesthesia is  followed  by  want  of  free  use  of  affected  parts; 
the  circulation  is  also  impaired  in  those  parts;  the  hair  on 
the  eyebrows  falls  out.  A  peculiar  puuched-out-looking 
ulcer,  with  a  very  fetid  discharge,  is  often  met  in  the  feet; 
sometimes,  but  not  so  often,  in  the  hands.  As  the  disease 
advances,  which  it  does  very  slowly — it  often  apparently  re- 
mains stationary  for  years — the  face  broadens,  becomes 
square,  glazed,  irregular  and  nodular;  nodules  are  also 
found  in  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  lips  and  in  the 
nerves;  perspiration  is  absent;  the  natural  expression  of 
the  face  is  completely  changed;  the  patient  looks  old  and 
sad.  As  the  disease  further  advances,  the  toes  and  fingers 
drop  off,  and  by  and  by  part  of  the  limb.  The  general 
health  is  never  affected.  Treatment  is  not  very  satisfac- 
tory ;  symptoms  seem  to  be  controlled  for  a  time,  but  never 
cured." 


HF.AITir.    HAPPINESS   AND  LONGEVITY.  129 

Lockjaw. — Professor  Renzi,  of  Naples,  records  several 
of  tetanus  successfully  treated  by  absolute  rest.  The 
method  advocated  is  as  follows:  The  patient's  ears  are 
closed  with  wax,  after  which  he  is  placed  in  a  perfectly  dark 
room,  far  from  any  noise.  He  is  made  to  understand  that 
safety  lies  in  perfect  rest.  The  room  is  carpeted  heavily 
in  order  to  relieve  the  noise  of  stepping  about.  The  nurse 
enters  every  quarter  of  an  hour  with  a  well-shaded  lantern, 
using  more  the  sense  of  touch  than  sight  to  find  the  bed. 
Liquid  food  (milk,  eggs  in  beef  tea,  and  water)  is  carefully 
gi\vn,  so  that  mastication  is  not  necessary.  Constipation 
is  not  interfered  with.  Mild  doses  of  belladonna  or  secale 
are  given  to  relieve  pain.  This  treatment  does  not  shorten 
the  disease,  but  under  it  the  paroxysms  grow  milder,  and 
finally  cease.  Numerous  physicians  attest  to  the  value  of 
this  treatment. 

Marriage. — The  Medical  Record  says  the  unpopular- 
ity of  marriage  in  England  continues  unabated,  and  last 
year  was  the  first  in  recent  times  in  which,  while  the  price 
of  wheat  fell,  the  marriage  rate  remained  stationary.  It  is 
now  14.2  per  1,000.  The  decline  in  the  popularity  of  matri- 
mony is  greatest  with  those  who  have  already  had  some 
experience  of  wedded  life.  Between  1876  and  1888  the 
marriage  rate  fell  12  per  cent  for  bachelors  and  spinsters, 
27  per  cent  for  widowers,  31  per  cent  for  widows. 

Another  interesting  fact  is  that  the  births  have  now 
reached  the  lowest  rate  recorded  since  civil  registration  be- 
gan. In  1876  the  rate  was  36.3  per  1,000;  it  is  now 
30.6.  This  is  very  satisfactory,  and  it  is  also  notable  that 
the  illegitimate  birth-rate  has  declined,  the  proportion,  4.6 
per  cent,  being  the  lowest  yet  registered.  The  worst  feat- 
ure in  the  Registrar-General's  returns,  however,  is  the  fact 
that  the  male  births  had  fallen  in  proportion  to  the  female; 
in  the  last  ten  years  1,038  boys  were  born  for  every  1,000 
girls,  and  last  year  the  male  preponderance  had  dropped 
by  5,  and  is  now  standing  at  1,033  to  1,000. 

M.  Huth  has  recently  published  a  valuable  book  on 
<»nsanguinity.  There  is  no  lack  of  instances  of  enforced 
consanguinity,  in  the  matter  of  marriage,  in  isolated  com- 


130  HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

rnunities,  according  to  M.  Huth,  to  disprove  the  assumption 
that  physical  degeneration  is  likely  to  result  from  the  prac- 
tice. An  investigation  into  a  number  of  unions  between 
uncles  and  nieces,  nephews  and  aunts,  and  cousins  in  the 
first  and  second  degree,  gives  an  average  of  children  rather 
above  than  below  the  general  average,  though  this  is  at- 
tributed to  some  extent  to  the  comparatively  early  age  at 
which  such  unions  are  generally  contracted.  Breeders  in- 
form us  that  the  results  are  markedly  in  favor  of  consan- 
guineous unions  between  healthy,  well-bred  animals.  Unions 
between  men  or  animals  of  widely  different  varieties,  on  the 
other  hand,  have  a  decidedly  injurious  effect  on  the  off- 
spring, and  beyond  a  certain  limit  are  almost  absolutely 
sterile.  Mtilattoes  and  the  half-breeds  of  India  and 
America  are  striking  examples  of  the  deterioration  to 
which  such  racial  disparity  gives  rise.  The  great  point  to 
bear  in  mind  is  that  the  union  of  individuals  with  the 
same  morbid  tendencies  intensifies  the  taint,  and  that,  too, 
quite  irrespective  of  any  consanguinity.  The  moral,  ac- 
cording to  the  author,  is  that  the  reasons  which  have  led 
to  the  prohibition  of  marriages  within  certain  degrees  of  re- 
lationship are  social,  and  not  physiological. 

Malaria  (Chills  and  Fever).— Mr.  W.  S.  Green,  editor 

of  the  Weekly  Colusa  Sun,  of  this  State,  has  made  careful 
investigations  on  the  malaria  question.  We  quote  from 
his  issue  of  May  12, 1888:— 

"Irrigation  and  Malaria. — At  the  irrigation  convention 
held  at  Riverside  in  March,  '84,  a  paper  by  AV.  S.  Green 
was  read  on  the  subject  of  'Irrigation  on  Health.'  The 
writer  took  a  new  departure,  and  combated  notions  held  for 
ages;  that  is,  he  held  that  however  much  the  received  notions 
of  malaria  might  hold  good  as  to  other  climates,  they  were 
not  correct  when  applied  to  California,  where  the  air  was  in 
motion  pretty  much  all  the  while.  Mr.  Green  received  the 
highest  indorsement  of  his  ideas,  and  they  have  come  to  be 
accepted  as  correct.  His  statement  of  facts  has  been  veri- 
fied by  almost  all  observing  men. 
"  To  the  Pres.  of  the  Irrigation  Convention,  Riverside,  CaL — • 

"Having  taken  great  interest  in  the  problem  of  irriga- 


HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY.  ]31 

tion  for  twenty  years  and  over,  I  had  intended  to  be 
present  at  your  meeting,  but  at  this  date  I  find  it  will  be 
impossible.  If  a  man  possesses  a  mite  of  knowledge  or  an 
idea  on  this  great  subject,  it  is  his  duty  to  give  his  co-work- 
ers the  benefit  of  it. 

"During  a  residence  of  thirty-four  years  in  the  Sacramento 
Valley,  I  have  had  time  and  opportunity  to  observe  and  to 
study  its  sanitary  conditions,  and  these  observations  bear 
directly,  I  think,  on  the  subject  of  the  effect  of  irrigation 
on  the  health  of  a  country.  I  am  led  by  these  observations 
to  reject  almost  in  toto  the  long-accepted  theory  of  infection 
by  malaria  from  the  atmosphere,  that  is,  so  far  as  it  per- 
tains to  California.  I  will  not  consume  your  time  with  a 
technical  dissertation,  but  will  state  some  facts  as  briefly 
as  possible,  and  in  plain,  homely  phrase. 

"When  I  saw  people  living  all  along  the  margins  of  the 
tulcs,  where  in  summer  the  water  became  hot  and  stale  and 
full  of  decaying  vegetation,  and  hundreds  of  forms  of  ani- 
mal life,  and  yet  remain  entirely  free  from  malarial  influ- 
ence, I  began  to  think  there  was  some  mistake  in  the 
accepted  theory.  I  do  not  pretend  to  say  that  all  the  peo- 
ple living  along  the  tule  margins  were  or  are  healthy.  All 
who  occupy  some  places  seem  to  be  attacked  by  chills, 
while  the  occupants  of  places  close  by  are  never  so  attacked. 
1  Health  is  the  rule.  I  saw  that  all  these  people,  those  on 
the  healthy  and  those  on  the  sickly  places,  must  breathe  the 
same  air,  coming  to  them  from  the  same  hot,  stagnant 
water  and  decaying  vegetation,  and  I  concluded  that 
malaria  was  not  in  the  air.  But  I  investigated  further. 

"There  are  clay,  or,  as  some  call  them,  hard  pan  banks  to 
the  upper  Sacramento  River,  which  are  from  a  quarter  of 
a  mile  to  a  mile  apart,  The  river,  for  some  very  indefinite 
number  of  centuries,  has  vibrated  between  these  banks — 
washing  in  on  one  side  and  filling  in  on  the  other.  There 
is,  then,  an  old  or  clay  formation  and  a  newer  or  alluvial 
formation;  of  course,  there  is  alluvium  on  top  of  the  clay, 
but  this  is  not  to  our  purpose.  When  I  first  saw  the  valley 
in  1850,  this  new  land,  some  of  it  as  high  as  the  old,  was 
covered  with  pea  vines,  blackberry  vines,  and  a  dense  under- 


132  HEALTH,    HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

growth  generally,  while  the  other  grew  wild  oats  and  was 
usually  as  open  as  our  wheat-fields.  I  began  to  notice  that 
those  people  who  built  their  houses  and  dug  their  wells  on  a 
newer  formation  generally  had  chills,  while  the  others,  as 
a  rule,  had  not.  Sometimes  these  sickly  and  healthy  places 
would  be  but  a  few  feet  apart.  They  breathed  the  same 
air,  but  they  did  not  drink  the  same  water.  I  began  to  con- 
clude that  these  people,  both  along  the  river  and  around 
the  margins  of  the  tules,  drank  the  germ  of  disease  and  did 
not  breathe  it,  and  I  continued  my  observations. 

"The  town  of  Colusa  is  built  upon  the  old,  or  clay  forma- 
tion, and  the  people  are  entirely  free  from  the  so-called 
malarial  influence.  They  are  almost  entirely  free  from 
chills,  typhoid  fevers,  diphtheria,  etc.,  but  just  at  the  lower 
end  of  the  town  there  is  evidence  that  the  river  at  one  time 
ran  almost  at  right  angles  with  its  present  course,  and  while 
the  land  is  just  as  high,  and  very  large  oaks  grew  upon  it, 
showing  the  formation  to  be  very  old — the  span  of  human 
life  taken  as  a  measure — yet  in  digging  and  boring  wells,  as 
well  as  by  the  indigenous  growth,  the  very  great  difference 
in  the  age  of  the  formation  was  apparent.  Upon  this  new 
formation  an  extension  to  the  town  was  located,  and  among 
other  buildings  the  county  hospital  was  placed  there. 
The  patients  and  employes  of  the  hospital  all  had  chills  for 
several  years,  until  the  physician-in-charge,  Dr.  "W.  H. 
Belton,  noticed  that  the  people  generally  who  used  water 
from  wells  on  this  newly-made  land  had  chills,  while  the 
others  had  not,  and  caused  pipes  from  the  town  water- 
works, into  which  river  water  was  pumped,  to  be  laid  to  the 
hospital.  There  was  an  immediate  change.  At  the  com- 
mencement of  the  use  of  river  water,  there  were  some  forty 
persons  in  the  hospital,  all  with  chills,  but  since  the  build- 
ing has  been  almost  entirely  free  from  it.  There  could  be 
no  more  conclusive  evidence  that  these  people  drank  the 
germ  of  the  disease  and  did  not  breathe  it. 

"It  is  claimed  that  after  a  wet  season  there  is  more 
malaria  in  the  air,  and  that  hence  people  are  more  subject 
to  disease.  I-  have  investigated  this,  and  my  observations, 
extended  over  a  number  of  years,  have  convinced  me  that 


HEALTH,    HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY.  J33 

the  water  in  the  wells  is  simply  raised  to  a  newer  stratum, 
one  not  thoroughly  washed,  as  it  were,  and  that  people 
!  drink  the  germ  of  disease,  and  do  not  breathe  it. 

"  My  conclusions  are,  therefore,  that  irrigation  will  tend  to 
bring  on  malarial  disorders,  as  it  raises  the  water  in  wells 
to  a  newer  stratum  of  earth,  but  no  further.  When  we 
irrigate  so  as  to  produce  this  effect  we  must  go  down  after 
pure  drinking  water,  or  bring  it  to  our  houses  in  pipes. 
The  effect  of  disorders  thus  brought  about  is  easily  remedied. 

"I  do  not  wish  to  be  understood  as  maintaining  that  there 
may  be  no  such  thing  as  poison  in  the  atmosphere.  In 
some  localities,  where  the  air  is  not  in  motion  every  day, 
as  it  is  here,  the  air,  like  standing  water,  may  become  stag- 
nant. I  know  of  some  hotels  in  this  valley  totally  void  of 
drainage,  and  whore  the  accumulated  filth  of  a  quarter  of 
a  century  stands  in  the  yards  in  cess-pools.  In  some  coun- 
tries this  would  kill  ninety  out  of  a  hundred  people  who 
would  stop  in  them  a  week,  but  here  we  feel  no  incon- 
venience from  it,  except  in  so  far  that  the  water  may  be- 
come impregnated.  Air  in  motion,  like  water  in  motion, 
purifies  itself,  and  hence  I  have  come  to  the  rejection  of 
the  theory  of  malaria  in  the  air." 

Of  our  own  remedies  we  feel  very  proud  because  thev  are 
sure  to  kill  chills  and  fever.  There  are  two: — 

First:  Take  the  proportions  of  one  (1)  of  sulphur  to  two 
(2)  of  gin,  or  4  fluidounces  of  gin  to  2  of  sulphur.  Let 
it  stand  overnight.  For  an  adult  take  one  teaspoonful  of 
this  mixture  in  a  little  water  from  15  to  30  minutes  before 
the  attack.  Remain  in  bed  in  a  room  warmed  to  90°  Falir., 
for  from  6  to  10  hours.  This  has  not  been  known  to  fail. 

Second:  This  requires  much  care  and  judgment.  Take 
a  whole  nutmeg  finely  grated,  and  its  equal  quantity  of 
pulverized  alum,  thoroughly  mix  them,  and  take  at  one 
dosi- ;  the  time  to  take  it  has  everything  to  do  with  its  effect. 
It  must  be  taken  between  10  and  17  minutes  before  the 
shake  is  due  to  come  on.  Go  to  bed  immediately,  using 
double  the  usual  amount  of  bedclothes,  remain  there  from 
1J  to  3  hours,  and  both  chills  and  fever  will  permanently 
depart.  If  the  medicine  is  taken  too  soon  (say  30  minutes 


134  HEALTH,  HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

before  the  shake),  the  attack  will  be  more  severe ;  if  taken 
immediately  after  the  shake  it  will  increase  the  fever ;  in 
either  case  the  dose  will  have  to  be  repeated  to  effect  a 
cure.  This  latter  treatment  completely  cured  the  author. 

Nervousness  and  Worry. — One  meets  few  un worried 
people.  Most  faces  bear  lines  of  care.  Men  go  anxious  to 
their  day's  duties,  rush  through  the  hours  with  feverish 
speed,  and  bring  hot  brain  and  tumultuous  pulse  home  at 
night  for  restless,  unrefreshing  sleep.  This  is  not  only  a 
most  unsatisfactory,  but  is  also  a  most  costly,  mode  of  liv- 
ing. The  other  night  the  train  lost  two  hours  in  running 
less  than  a  hundred  miles,  "We  have  a  hot  box,"  was  the 
polite  conductor's  reply  to  some  impatient  passengers  who 
begged  to  know  the  cause  of  the  long  delays  at  stations. 
This  hot-box  trouble  is  not  altogether  unknown  in  human 
life.  There  are  many  people  who  move  swiftly  enough 
and  with  sufficient  energy,  but  who  grow  feverish  and  are 
thus  impeded  in  their  progress.  A  great  many  failures  in 
life  must  be  charged  to  worrying.  When  a  man  worries 
he  is  impeded  in  several  ways.  For  one  thing  he  loses  his 
head.  He  cannot  think  clearly.  His  brain  is  feverish,  and 
will  not  act  at  its  best.  His  mind  becomes  confused,  and 
his  decisions  are  not  to  be  depended  upon.  The  result  is 
that  a  worried  man  never  does  his  work  as  well  as  he 
should  do  it,  or  as  he  could  do  it  if  he  were  free  from  worry. 
He  is  apt  to  make  mistakes.  Marks  of  feverishness  are  sure 
to  be  seen  somewhere  in  whatever  he  does.  Remedy:  Keep 
cool,  think  three  times  before  you  act  once. 

Obesity  and  Thinness. — To  increase  the  weight:  Eat, 
to  the  extent  of  satisfying  a  natural  appetite,  of  fat  meats, 
butter,  cream,  milk,  cocoa,  chocolate,  bread,  potatoes,  peas, 
parsnips,  carrots,  beets,  farinaceous  food,  or  Indian  corn, 
rice,  tapioca,  sago,  corn-starch,  pastry,  custanls,  oatmeal, 
sugar,  sweet  wines,  and  ale.  Avoid  acids.  Exercise  as 
little  as  possible,  sleep  all  you  can,  and  don't  worry  or  fret. 
To  reduce  the  weight:  Eat,  to  the  extent  of  satisfying  a 
natural  appetite,  of  lean  meat,  poultry,  game,  eggs,  milk 
moderately,  green  vegetables,  turnips,  succulent  fruits,  tea 
or  coffee.  Drink  lime  juice,  lemonade,  and  acid  drinks. 


HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY.  135 

Avoid  fat,  butter,  cream,  sugar,  pastry,  rice,  sago,  tapioca, 
corn-starch,  potatoes,  carrots,  beets,  parsnips,  and  sweet 
wines.  Exercise  freely. 

Piles. — When  piles  become  painful,  whether  they  pro- 
trude or  not,  the  patient  should  take  a  warm  hip-bath  and 
remain  in  until  the  pain  ceases,  extra  precaution  being 
taken  for  cleanliness,  using  pure  white  castile  soap  with 
the  hipbath.  A  careful  diet  of  farinaceous  and  other 
easily-digested  food,  and  regularity  in  going  to  stool,  will 
suffice  to  cure  the  majority  of  cases.  If  the  piles  are  bleed- 
ing, apply  a  salve  of  opium  and  nut-gall;  if  itching,  a 
|  drop  of  oil  of  cade  will  give  relief.  Linseed  oil,  applied  to 
the  piles,  is  said  to  be  an  effective  remedy.  In  severe 
cases  of  piles  great  relief  is  afforded  by  the  use  of  supposi- 
tories nuule  after  the  following  formula:  2  grains  sulphate 
jborphina,  2  grains  extract  belladonna,  1  scruple  tannin. 

The  above  mixed  with  a  sufficient  quanity  of  cocoa  but- 
ter to  make  twelve  suppositories  of  one-half  ounce  each;  one 
to  be  used  every  night  on  retiring. 

Poisons. — Poisons  may  be  classified  under  two  distinct 
heads — mineral  and  vegetable.  Mineral  poisons  are  irri- 
tating and  corrosive  in  their  action.  They  produce  a  me- 
tallic taste  in  the  mouth,  burning  pains  in  the  throat, 
stomach,  and  bowels,  and,  often,  violent  retching  and 
bloody  vomiting,  purging,  cramps,  cold  sweats,  and  great 
depression.  Vegetable  poisons  are  chiefly  narcotics,  and 
many  of  them  are  as  virulent  as  any  in  the  mineral  king- 
dom. They  cause  giddiness,  drowsiness,  stupor,  insensibility 
or  delirium,  and  oppressed  breathing. 

General  Directions. — First  and  instantly  dilute  the 
poison  with  large  draughts  of  warm  water,  either  clear,  or, 
if  the  particular  poison  is  known,  containing  the  proper 
antidote.  This  will  usually  cause  vomiting,  which  is  to  be 
desired.  If  vomiting  does  not  soon  occur,  excite  it.  Pro- 
tect as  much  as  possible  the  lining  membrane  of  the  stom- 
ach and  bowels  from  contact  with  the  poison  by  large  and 
fn-(juent  doses  of  sweet-oil,  mucilage  of  gum  arable,  flax- 
seed  tea,  milk,  etc.  Melted  co-moline,  vaseline,  butter,  or 
lard  will  serve  for  this  purpose.  Keep  up  the  temperature  by 


>f  THS        *^\ 

ITTI 


136  HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

means  of  warm  blankets,  hot  bottles,  etc.;  and  if  there  are 
marked  evidences  of  sinking,  such  as  a  failure  of  the  pulse, 
or  very  feeble,  gasping  respiration,  give  a  little  stimulus, 
preferably  by  injection  into  the  bowels.  In  the  case  of  an 
adult,  a  tablespoonful  of  brandy,  whisky  or  gin,  with  an 
equal  quantity  of  water,  may  be  administered  in  this  man- 
ner every  five  or  ten  minutes,  until  reaction  sets  in — that 
is,  until  the  face  regains  its  color,  the  pulse  becomes  stronger, 
and  the  breathing  natural. 

A  general  antidote  for  all  cases  of  poisoning,  where  the 
nature  of  the  poison  is  unknown,  is  a  mixture  of  carbonate 
of  magnesia,  powdered  charcoal,  and  hydrated  sesquioxide 
of  iron,  equal  parts,  in  water. 

POISONS — MINERAL.  Acids. — Muriotw  (spirit  of  salt),  ni- 
tric (aqua  fortis),  sulphuric  (oil  of  vitriol),  oxalic,  nitro-muri- 
atic,  etc.  Nitric  and  sulphuric  acids  are  sometimes  used  for 
the  removal  of  warts ;  oxalic  acid  is  often  employed  for  tak- 
ing out  iron  or  ink  stains;  muriatic  and  nitro-muriatic  acids 
are  frequently  prescribed  medicinally.  As  soon  as  a  poison- 
ous dose  has  been  swallowed,  seek  for  something  which  will 
neutralize  the  acid.  Powdered  chalk,  whiting,  magnesia,  or 
lime  scraped  from  a  wall  and  stirred  in  water,  may  be  given 
in  any  of  these  cases.  For  sulphuric  or  muriatic  acid  also 
administer  soap-suds,  sweet  milk,  common  soap  cut  into  small 
pieces,  baking  or  washing  soda,  or  saleratus,  giving  these 
latter  in  very  small  quantities  at  a  time,  so  as  not  to  pro- 
duce dangerous  distension  of  the  stomach,  from  the  evolu- 
tion of  gas.  In  the  case  of  sulphuric  acid,  water  must  not 
be  used  freely  at  first,  at  least  not  unless  it  contains  some 
antidote,  as  the  heat  produced,  when  this  acid  and  water 
are  mixed,  is  sufficient  of  itself  to  cause  serious  damage. 

Ammonia,  and  other  alkalies  (Caustic  Potash,  Soda  or 
Lime}. — Antidotes:  Vinegar,  lemon  juice,  or  a  weak  solution 
of  tartaric  acid,  to  be  followed  immediately  with  sweet-oil  or 
mucilage  of  gum  arabic,  and  an  emetic.  Also  give  an  in- 
jection of  boiled  starch.  Pain  may  be  relieved  witli  lauda- 
num, in  doses  of  ten  to  fifteen  drops,  as  the  paroxysms  oc- 
cur. 


HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY.  137 

Antimony  (Butter  of  Antimony,  Tartar  Emetic). — Encour- 
age vomiting.  The  antidotes  are  milk,  tea,  tannic  acid. 

Arsenic,  Ratsbane,  Paris  Green,  Cobalt,  and  all  arsen- 
ical preparations  used  as  rat  poisons. — Give  the  whites 
of  five  or  six  eggs,  beaten  in  half  a  pint  of  water ;  or,  flour  and 
water,  barley  water,  flaxsced  tea,  or  magnesia.  Also  ad- 
minister an  emetic  of  five  grains  of  sulphate  of  copper 
(blue  vitriol),  or  fifteen  grains  of  sulphate  of  zinc  (white 
vitriol),  ipecac,  or  mustard  and  water.  After  the  vomiting, 
give  hydrated  sesquioxide  of  iron  in  tablespoon  doses,  every 
fifteen  minutes,  until  danger  is  past.  This  is  the  best- 
known  antidote  for  arsenic,  and  should  be  procured  fresh 
from  the  drug  store  if  possible. 

Chloral,  Chloroform,  Ether. — Cold  water  should  be 
sprinkled  over  the  face  and  applied  to  the  head.  If  breath- 
ing is  suspended,  treat  the  patient  for  artificial  respiration. 
The  use  of  electricity  is  recommended. 

Corrosive  Sublimate  (Bedbug  Poison),  Calomel  (Mer- 
cury).— The  whites  of  three  or  four  eggs,  beaten  in  water, 
should  be  given  without  delay.  If  eggs  are  not  at  hand, 
flour  or  thin  starch  gruel,  mucilage  of  gum  arabic,  or  milk, 
will  answer.  An  emetic  should  be  taken  immediately  after 
the  antidote  has  been  administered. 

Iodine  (use  1  for  external  application). — If  it  has  been 
swallowed,  give  a  paste  of  starch,  or  flour  and  water. 

Lead,  Salts  of  (Sugar  of  Lead,  Lead  Paint}. — After  an 
emetic,  administer  as  much  Epsom  salt,  or  Glauber's  salt, 
as  the  patient  can  drink.  Then  give  large  quantities  of 
milk  and  whites  of  eggs. 

Lunar  Caustic,  Nitrate  of  Silver. — Give  a  large  teaspoon- 
ful  of  common  salt,  in  a,  glass  of  water.  Repeat  the  dose 
every  ten  minutes  for  an  hour.  Then  give  a  dose  of  castor- 
oil,  and  let  the  patient  drink  freely  of  flaxseed  tea,  barley 
water,  or  sweet  milk. 

Muriates  of  Tin  and  Zinc. — These  poisons  are  sometimes 
found  in  canned  goods — fruits,  vegetables,  fish,  and  meats. 
They  cause  nausea,  vomiting,  sudden  failure  of  the  vital 


138  HEALTH,  HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

forces,  and  sometimes  cramps  and  convulsions.  Milk,  the 
whites  of  eggs,  strong  tea,  or  tincture  of  Peruvian  bark, 
should  be  given.  After  the  violent  symptoms  have  subsided, 
the  patient  should  drink  freely  of  flaxseed  tea  or  barley 
water. 

Phosphorus,  Matches. — Give  large  quantities  of  warm 
water  containing  calcined  magnesia,  chalk,  or  whiting. 

Prussic  Acid. — Liquor  of  ammonia,  in  doses  often  drops 
to  a  tablespoonful  of  water,  should  be  given  every  fifteen 
minutes,  until  the  patient  is  out  of  danger.  Also  apply 
smelling  salts  to  the  nose,  dash  cold  water  in  the  face,  and 
give  stimulants. 

Verdigris. — Give  sugar,  milk,  and  whites  of  eggs  in 
large  quantities,  then  strong  tea,  but  no  acids  of  any  kind. 

POISONS — VEGETABLE.  Aconite. — Induce  free  vomit- 
ing, then  give  brandy  or  whisky  every  half  hour  until  the 
dangerous  symptoms  are  allayed. 

Alcohol,  Spirits. — Give  half  a  teaspoonful  of  aromatic 
spirits  of  ammonia  in  sweetened  water  every  half  hour. 
Bromide  of  potassa,  in  doses  of  fifteen  to  thirty  grains, 
every  two  or  three  hours,  will  also  be  found  useful. 

Cocaine  is  the  alkaloid  of  the  coca  plant  of  South  Amer- 
ican origin.  It  is  generally  employed  in  the  form  of  muri- 
ate of  cocaine  and  principally  used  as  a  local  anaesthetic. 
It  should  only  be  used  under  the  direction  of  a  physician. 
It  may  occasion  dangerous  effects  even  in  doses  usually 
deemed  safe.  When  it  has  been  taken  internally,  the 
proper  antidote  is  a  powerful  emetic  followed  by  stimulants 
— such  as  liquor  and  spirits  of  ammonia — administered  in- 
ternally. When  it  has  been  used  to  a  dangerous  extent 
externally,  give  whisky  or  brandy  and  ammonia. 

Laudanum,  Opium,  Paregoric, Morphia,  Belladonna,  Hyos- 
cyamus,  Stramonium,  and  Conium. — An  emetic  of  mustard 
and  water,  twenty  grains  of  sulphate  of  zinc  (white  vitriol), 
or  thirty  grains  of  powdered  ipecac,  should  be  given.  Strong 
coffee,  brandy,  or  whisky  should  then  be  administered  in 
large  quantities,  and  the  patient  walked  around  the  room. 
Slapping,  pinching,  dashing  cold  water  in  the  face,  and 
even  whipping,  may  be  necessary  to  keep  the  patient  awake. 


HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND   LONGEVITY.  139 

Strychnine  (Nux  Vomica). — Give  an  emetic  of  a  solution 
of  sulphate  of  zinc  (white  vitriol),  or  a  strong  infusion  of 
tobacco ;  or  inject  into  the  bowels  bromide  of  potassium, 
thirty  grains,  and  the  extract  of  coca,  one-half  ounce. 
During  the  spasms,  the  patient  should  breathe  chloroform 
or  ether  from  a  saturated  cloth  held  to  the  nose  and  mouth. 

Toadstools  (Fake  Mushrooms)  and  o her  poisonous  plants 
and  seeds,  such  as  are  liable  to  be  picked  up  and  eaten  by  chil- 
dren.— Empty  the  stomach  at  once  by  an  emetic  you  have 
at  hand. 

Coffee  poisoning  occurs  mostly  with  well-to-do  people — 
those  who  are  overfed.  Tea  poisoning  comes  to  hard-work- 
ing, half-starved  women.  The  symptoms  of  coffee  poisoning 
are  want  of  appetite,  sleeplessness,  and  nervous  tremblings, 
with  various  indications  of  indigestion  and  torpor  of  liver. 
Tea  poisoning  requires  rest  and  nourishment;  bat  the  vic- 
tim of  coffee  excess  usually  needs  to  unload  his  system  by 
exercise  on  a  low  diet. 

Antipyrlne. — Dr.  T.  E.  Smith,  of  Cincinnati,  had  his 
whole  right  side  paralyzed  by  a  ten-grain  dose  of  anti- 
pvrine.  The  dose  is  an  ordinary  one.  This  powerful  drug 
is  much  resorted  to  by  grippe  victims. 

Removal  of  Foreign  Substances.— Considering  the 

frequency  with  which  foreign  bodies  are  swallowed,  espe- 
cially by  children,  the  best  treatment  to  employ  in  such 
cases  should  be  generally  known.  A  variety  of  such 
methods  have  been  advocated,  but  just  now  the  so-called 
"potato  cure"  appears  to  be  the  most  popular.  One 
physician  not  long  ago  reported  that  he  had  successfully 
applied  it  with  the  best  results  in  three  cases.  One  was 
that  of  a  6-year-old  boy,  who  swallowed  a  small  weight; 
another  that  of  a  girl,  9  years  old,  who  had  swallowed  a 
nail;  and  the  remaining  one  that  of  a  woman  who  had 
swallowed  a  set  of  teeth.  He  fed  the  patients  for  three 
days  on  nothing  but  potatoes.  This  treatment  is  a  method 
in  vogue  among  the  pickpockets  of  London,  who,  swallow- 
ing their  booty,  live  on  potatoes  until  the  stolen  articles 
have  passed  down  and  out  of  the  body. 

Rheumatism. — Those  who  have  a  tendency  to  that  dis- 


140  HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

ease  should  "take  a  stitch"  now  and  free  their  systems 
from  all  injurious  retained  matter.  They  should  live 
abstemiously,  exercise  freely,  keep  the  skin  active  by  fre- 
quent bathing,  the  bowels  open  with  fruits,  and  drink  water 
in  large  quantities.  Water  dissolves  and  washes  waste 
matter  out  of  the  system;  it  is  therefore  an  absolute  essen- 
tial where  there  is  any  impairment  in  the  action  of  the  kid- 
neys, bowels,  or  skin.  He  who  applies  this  simple  treat- 
ment, and  takes  proper  care  of  himself  otherwise,  may  feel 
quite  secure  from  attacks  of  rheumatism. 

"Practical  Medicine  "  suggests :  "  Make  a  concentrated 
emulsion  of  black  soap,  200  grammes;  add  thereto  100  or 
150  grammes  of  turpentine,  and  shake  the  whole  vigorously 
until  a  beautiful  creamy  emulsion  is  obtained.  For  a  bath 
take  half  of  this  mixture,  which  possesses  an  agreeable 
pine  odor.  After  remaining  in  the  bath  a  quarter  of  an 
hour,  the  patient  should  get  into  bed,  when  a  prickling  sen- 
sation, not  disagreeable,  however,  is  felt  over  the  entire 
body;  then,  after  a  nap,  he  awakens  with  marked  diminu- 
tion of  rheumatic  pains." 

Flour  of  sulphur  dusted  into  the  soles  of  the  shoes  and 
stockings  is  said  to  be  a  perfect  preventive.  The  exciting 
causes  of  rheumatism  are  cold  or  wet  applied  to  the  body 
when  in  a  state  of  heat,  exposure  to  cold  winds,  remaining 
long  in  wet  clothes,  sleeping  in  a  damp  bed,  or  blood-poison- 
ing. Acute  attacks  of  rheumatism  should  be  treated  by 
painting  the  affected  part  with  tincture  of  iodine. 

Seasickness. — Experts  claim  that  seasickness  can  be 
regulated  by  a  system  of  breathing.  One  must  sit  still  and 
time  the  breathing  to  the  upward  and  downward  motion  of 
the  boat.  As  the  boat  falls  there  should  be  a  full  expira- 
tion, and  as  the  boat  rises  start  on  an  inspiration  ending 
just  as  the  boat  begins  to  drop. 

Sleep. — The  "  Home  Maker  "  says :  "  Up  to  the  fifteenth 
year  most  young  people  require  ten  hours,  and  till  the 
twentieth  year,  nine  hours.  After  that  age  everyone  finds 
out  how  much  he  or  she  requires,  though,  as  a  general  rule, 
at  least  six  to  eight  hours  are  necessary.  Eight  hours' 
sleep  will  prevent  more  nervous  derangements  in  women 


HEALTH.    HAPPINESS   AND  LONGEVITY.  141 

than  any  medicine  can  cure.  During  growth  there  must 
be  ample  sleep  if  the  brain  is  to  develop  to  its  full  extent, 
and  the  more  nervous,  excitable,  or  precocious  a  child  is,  the 
longer  sleep  should  it  get  if  its  intellectual  progress  is  not 
to  come  to  a  premature  standstill,  or  its  life  be  cut  short  at 
an  early  age." 

A  doctor  of  prominence  says:  "There  is  no  doubt  in 
my  mind  but  the  belief  that  human  beings  should  sleep 
with  their  bodies  lying  north  and  south  has  its  foundation 
in  true  scientific  facts.  Each  human  system  has  two  mag- 
netic poles — one  positive  and  one  negative.  Now,  it  is  true 
that  some  persons  have  the  positive  pole  in  the  head  and 
the  negative  pole  in  the  feet,  and  vice  versa.  In  order  that 
the  person  sleeping  should  be  in  perfect  harmony  with  the 
magnetic  phenomena  of  the  earth,  the  head,  if  it  possesses 
the  positive  pole,  should  lie  to  the  south,  or  if  the  feet  possess 
the  positive  pole  the  head  should  lie  to  the  north.  The 
positive  pole  should  always  lie  opposite  to  the  magnetic 
center  of  the  continent  and  thus  maintain  a  magnetic 
equilibrium.  The  positive  pole  of  the  person  draws  one 
way,  but  the  magnetic  pole  of  the  earth  draws  the  other 
way  and  forces  the  blood  toward  the  feet,  affects  the  iron  in 
the  system,  tones  up  the  nerves,  and  makes  sleep  refreshing 
and  invigorating.  But  if  the  person  sleeps  the  wrong  way 
and  fails  to  become  magnetically  en  rapport  with  the  earth, 
he  will  then  probably  be  too  magnetic,  and  he  will  have  a 
fever  resulting  from  the  magnetic  forces  working  too  fast,  or 
he  will  not  be  magnetic  enough,  and  the  great  strain  will 
cause  a  feeling  of  lassitude,  sleep  will  not  be  refreshing,  and 
in  the  morning  he  will  have  no  more  energy  than  there  is  in 
a  cake  of  soap.  Some  persons  may  scoff  at  these  ideas, 
but  the  greatest  scientific  men  of  the  world  have  studied 
the  subject.  Only  recently  the  French  Academy  of  Science 
made  experiments  upon  the  body  of  a  guillotined  man, 
which  go  to  prove  that  each  human  system  is  in  itself  an 
electric  battery,  one  electrode  being  represented  by  the 
head,  the  other  by  the  feet.  The  body  was  taken  imme- 
diately after  death  and  placed  on  a  pivot,  to  move  as  it 
might.  After  some  vacillation  the  head  portion  turned  to- 


142  HEALTH,  HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

ward  the  north,  the  body  then  remaining  stationary.  One 
of  the  professors  turned  it  half  way  around,  but  it  soon 
regained  its  original  position,  and  the  same  result  was 
repeatedly  obtained,  until  organic  movement  finally  ceased." 

SmalJ-pOX  and  Vaccination. — Notwithstanding  exist- 
ing prejudices,  statistics  prove  the  great  usefulness  of  vaccina- 
tion. In  small-pox  epidemics,  of  those  persons  attacked 
who  have  not  been  vaccinated,  one  case  in  four  is  fatal; 
while  of  those  who  have  been  vaccinated,  the  death  rate  is 
not  one  in  four  hundred  and  fifty.  In  cities,  it  is  important 
that  every  infant  should  be  vaccinated  before  it  is  six 
months  old.  In  the  country,  the  operation  may  be  deferred 
until  the  infant  is  a  year  old.  Care  should  be  Taken  to  have 
the  virus  fresh  and  from  the  cow.  The  taking  of  virus 
from  a  child,  or  an  adult,  should  never  be  allowed,  as  con- 
stitutional diseases  are  often  transmitted  in  that  way.  Vac- 
cination is  performed  by  making  a  small  incision  in  the 
skin  and  introducing  the  virus  on  the  point  of  a  lancet  or 
needle.  On  the  third  day,  if  the  desired  result  has  been  at- 
tained, a  small  red  spot  may  be  seen.  This  increases  in 
size,  becomes  elevated,  and,  by  the  sixth  day,  is  filled  with 
a  clear,  yellow  liquid.  About  the  eighth  day,  the  pustule 
is  fully  formed,  when  symptoms  of  small-pox  are  usually 
felt, — headache,  shivering,  loss  of  appetite,  etc.  These 
symptoms  subside  in  a  day  or  two;  the  fiuid  in  the  pustule 
dries  up,  and  a  scab  forms,  which  remains  about  two  weeks 
and  then  disappears,  leaving  a  scar.  The  affected  part 
should  be  protected  by  a  loose  bandage,  and  all  scratching 
or  rubbing  prevented. 

The  theory  in  regard  to  vaccination  is  that  the  disease  in 
a  mild  form  takes  hold  of  the  system,  and  either  completely 
or  partially  destroys  the  liability  to  contract  the  same  dis- 
ease in  the  future.  If  the  destruction  is  only  partial,  it 
can  be  made  total  by  future  vaccinations.  All  authorities 
agree  that  it  is  necessary  to  revaccinate  frequently — -just  as 
often,  in  fact,  as  the  system  shows  itself  in  readiness  to  take 
the  vaccinations.  Then  as  often  as  once  in  five  or  seven 
years  vaccination  should  be  repeated  in  order  to  obtain 
complete  immunity  from  small-pox. 


HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND   LONGEVITY.  143 

Superstitions. — Numerous  are  the  dangerous  supersti- 
tions about  marriage.  For  instance,  the  bride  must  not  try 
on  her  wedding  gown,  or  ill-luck  will  follow.  She  must  not 
look  in  the  glass  after  she  is  fully  dressed  and  ready  for  the 
ceremony.  She  must  not  enter  her  new  home  by  stepping 
over  the  threshold,  but  must  be  carried  over  it  by  one 
of  her  relatives.  A  piece  of  the  bride's  cake  must  be 
broken  over  her  head  as  soon  as  she  is  safely  on  the  other 
side.  It  is  very  unlucky  for  her  to  be  in  a  happy  state  on 
her  wedding-day.  She  must  be  as  dolorous  as  possible, 
violent  fits  of  weeping  being  especially  beneficial. 

It  is  a  good  idea  for  the  brides-maids  to  throw  away  as 
many  pins  as  possible  on  the  wedding-day,  as  this  will 
hasten  marriage.  The  bride  should  throw  away  her  slipper 
in  leaving  the  wedding  feast,  and  she  who  catches  it  will  be 
the  first  married.  The  month  of  May  is  generally  con- 
ceded to  be  the  most  unfortunate  for  marriages.  The  lucky 
months  are  January,  April,  August,  October,  and  Novem- 
ber. January  is  especially  lucky. 

Lovers  should  carefully  avoid  passing  a  sharp  or  pointed 
instrument  from  one  to  the  other.  Such  things  tend  to 
cause  quarrels.  The  wedding  should  be  put  off  by  all 
means  if  a  cat  sneezes  on  the  eve  of  the  wedding-day.  It 
should  never  take  place  if  the  cat  is  black.  To  sweep  dust 
over  a  girl's  feet  or  legs  will  be  certain  to  make  an  old 
maid  of  her. 

Should  the  younger  sister  of  a  family  marry  first,  the 
older  sisters  will  be  condemned  to  lasting  celibacy  unless 
they  dance  at  her  wedding  in  their  stocking-feet. 

The  wedding-ring  of  the  mother  is  an  infallible  cure  for 
eruptions  on  the  skin  of  the  child.  The  ring  must  be 
rubbed  three  times  around  each  sore.  Cure  is  certain. 

The  virtue  of  the  dew  that  glitters  and  sparkles  in  every 
leaf  and  flower  of  a  May  morning  has  been  recognized 
from  the  earliest  times.  If  a  young  girl  wishes  to  obtain 
and  preserve  a  glorious  complexion  she  should  venture  out 
of  a  May  morning  and  wash  her  face  in  this  dew. 

To  spit  in  the  hand  before  undertaking  anything, 
whether  in  love,  war,  or  business,  will  not  fail  to  bring  luck. 


144  HEALTH.   HAPPINESS  AND   LONGEVITY. 

If  you  are  out  fishing,  do  not  step  over  your  rod,  or  you 
will  catch  no  more  fish  than  did  Simple  Simon  in  his 
mother's  pail. 

Of  births,  it  may  be  said  in  general  that  a  crying  child 
will  grow  up  to  be  a  great  and  useful  man.  This  omen  is 
not  very  clearly  settled,  however,  and  is  often  given  the 
other  way.  Some  seer  far  back  in  the  ages  discovered  the 
following:  Born  on  Monday,  fair  in  the  face;  born  on 
Tuesday,  full  of  God's  grace;  born  an  Wednesday,  sour 
and  sad;  born  on  Thursday,  merry  and  glad;  born  on 
Friday,  worthily  given ;  born  on  Saturday,  work  for  your 
living;  born  on  Sunday,  you  will  never  know  want. 

To  recall  a  person  after  they  have  left  the  house  is  bad 
luck.  To  go  back  for  something  forgotten  is  also  bad  luck, 
unless  you  sit  down  before  going  out  again. 

If,  when  you  sit  before  the  fire,  a  live  coal  jumps  out,  it 
is  a  sign  that  you  are  to  have  good  luck,  especially  in  money 
matters.  To  wash  in  water  another  has  washed  in  is  not 
only  bad  sanitarily,  but  also  superstitiously.  He  who 
makes  many  crumbs  at  the  table  will  never  have  any  money 
to  spare.  It  is  flying  in  the  face  of  fortune  to  sweep  dust 
out  of  the  front  door  or  to  allow  it  to  be  swept  out.  In  so 
doing  you  are  sweeping  out  your  good  luck.  To  count 
one's  gains  brings  luck,  but  to  find  money  is  the  worst 
possible  luck. 

The  4-leaved  clover  once  found,  should  be  treasured,  as 
every  school-child  knows  and  believes.  It  brings  luck  of 
every  description.  Eve  attempted  to  carry  a  4-leaved 
shamrock  of  precious  stone  from  Paradise  with  her,  but  it 
fell  and  shattered  at  her  feet.  Think  of  the  disaster  thus 
entailed  upon  the  human  race ! 

To  see  the  moon  over  the  left  shoulder  is  as  unlucky  as 
to  hold  the  four  of  clubs  at  cards.  But  the  new  moon  seen 
over  the  right  shoulder,  or  straight  in  front,  portends  fort- 
une as  smiling  as  her  own  bright  rays. 

One  should  be  careful  in  writing  a  letter  not  to  cross  out 
a  word  in  it.  To  do  so  means  that  any  request  you  may 
have  made  in  the  letter  will  not  be  granted.  It  is  very 
unlucky  to  dry  a  letter  before  the  fire,  instead  of  allowing 


1IKALTH.   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY.  145 

it  to  dry  slowly  and  naturally.  But  unluckiest  of  all  is 
to  drop  the  letter  on  the  floor  after  finishing  it. 

Birth,  marriage,  and  death  are  the  three  most  important 
events  in  every  life.  Death,  being  the  most  dreadful, 
comes  in  for  the  largest  share.  One  of  the  best  ways  given 
us  of  avoiding  it  when  mortal  sickness  is  upon  us  is  to 
allow  the  report  to  be  circulated  that  you  are  already  dead. 
The  chances  are  strongly  in  favor  of  getting  well.  Espe- 
cially is  this  so  if  friends  begin  to  arrange  for  the  funeral. 
A  sure  sign  of  early  death  is  for  a  person  to  scatter  the 
leaves  of  a  red  ro.se  upon  the  ground.  It  is  extremely 
hazardous  to  an  infant's  life  to  pare  its  nails  before  it  is  a 
year  old.  They  should  be  bitten  off. 

Some  superstitions  of  my  early  life  which  I  still  re- 
member are: — 

1.  Turning  a  loaf  of  bread  upside  down  creates  family 
quarrels.  2.  Allowing  anyone  to  pass  between  you  and 
your  companion  evil  and  death  to  follow.  3.  Breaking  a 
mirror,  death  in  the  family.  4.  Having  your  hair  cut 
on  Sunday, forgetfulness.  5.  Beginning  an  undertaking  on 
Friday,  ill  luck.  6.  Sitting  at  table  or  in  company  when 
just  33  ar  >  present,  a  death  of  one  of  their  number  before 
the  year  is  done.  7.  Presenting  a  sharp  instrument  or 
edge-tool  to  anyone,  ill  luck  to  ensue.  8.  Putting  on  any 
garment  inside  out,  unless  you  retain  it  until  the  sun  goes 
down,  bad  luck  to  come.  9.  Spilling  salt,  unless  some  is 
thrown  into  the  fire  or  over  the  left  shoulder,  misfortune. 
During  my  life  I  have  done  everything  in  the  above  list 
that  is  claimed  should  not  be  done,  that  fell  in  my  way  to 
do,  and  still  live  and  prosper,  although  born  on  Friday, 
and  being  one  of  a  family  of  13  children. 

Snake  Bites. — Tie  a  string  or  ligature  hard  around  the 
injnre-d  limb  and  above  the  bitten  place;  suck  the  wound, 
so  as  to  extract  the  poison,  but  be  careful  to  see  that  the 
person  who  performs  the  sucking  has  no  open  sore  in  his 
mouth ;  wash  with  warm  water  and  apply  caustics,  such  as 
carbolic  acid  or  concentrated  liquor  of  ammonia;  give  five 
to  ten  grains  of  carbonate  of  ammonia,  in  water,  every 
hour,  and  stimulate  the  patient  with  whisky  or  brandy;  rub 
10 


146  HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

the  limbs  with  pieces  of  flannel  dipped  in  hot  whisky  or 
diluted  alcohol.  Medical  attendance  should  be  secured  as 
soon  as  possible. 

Tape-WOrm. — Recently  attention  has  been  called  to 
cocoanuts  as  a  vermifuge.  Professor  Paresi,  of  Athens, 
when  he  was  in  Abyssinia,  happened  to  discover  that  ordi- 
nary cocoanut  possesses  vermifuge  qualities  in  a  high  degree. 
He  took,  one  day,  a  quantity  of  the  juice  and  pulp,  and 
shortly  afterward  felt  some  gastric  disturbance,  which,  how- 
ever, passed  oif  in  a  few  hours.  Subsequently  he  had 
diarrhea,  and  was  surprised  to  find  that  there  had  been 
expelled  a  complete  tape-worm,  head  and  all,  quite  dead. 
After  returning  to  Athens  he  made  a  number  of  observa- 
tions which  were  most  satisfactory,  the  tape-worm  being 
always  passed  and  quite  dead.  He  orders  the  milk  and 
pulp  of  one  cocoanut  to  be  taken  early  in  the  morning, 
fasting,  no  purgative  or  confinement  to  the  house  being 
required. 

Teeth- — For  toothache  rub  a  little  essential  oil  on  the 
face,  at  the  hinge  of  the  jaw,  on  the  side  that  aches. 

Tobacco. — Probably  no  subject  in  our  book  can  in- 
terest the  majority  of  persons  more  than  this  great  ques- 
tion of  the  use  of  tobacco.  We  have  a  collection  of  opin- 
ions from  the  best  authorities : — 

The  Medical  News  published  a  paper  by  Dr.  Win.  L.  Dud- 
ley, Professor  of  Chemistry  in  the  Vanderbilt  University, 
giving  the  results  of  recent  careful  analytical  experiments 
made  by  him  in  his  laboratory  with  the  smoke  of  an  ordi- 
nary cigarette.  Mice  were  used  upon  which  to  employ  his 
tests.  It  is  not  needful  that  we  should  give  the  professor's 
description  of  his  modus  operandi  by  means  of  air-tubes,  an 
aspirator,  a  glass  jar,  etc.,  the  results  of  his  experimenta- 
tion being  the  chief  object  of  interest  in  which  the  reader 
is  concerned.  Suffice  it  to  say,  then,  that  in  each  of  his  sev- 
eral chemical  tests  by  the  gradual  combustion  of  a  single 
cigarette,  the  mouse  that  was  the  recipient  of  the  resultant 
smoke  died  in  the  course  of  the  operation,  being  literally 
poisoned  to  death  by  inhaling  the  carbonic  oxide  evolved 
from  the  "noxious  weed."  The  blood  of  the  dead  creature 


HEALTH.   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY.  147 

being  subjected  to  spectroscopic  examination,  it  was  found 
that  the  veinous  fluid  had  been  so  completely  altered  and 
vitiated  that  death  was  the  inevitable  effect.  The  tests 
were  thoroughly  scientific  and  conclusive.  The  fact  was 
demonstrated,  beyond  the  chance  of  doubt  or  question,  that 
carbonic  oxide  is  the  chief  constituent  of  cigarette  smoke, 
if  not  all  tobacco  smoke,  and  that  its  inhalation  into  the 
air-passage  and  lungs  must  of  necessity  be  exceedingly 
deleterious,  as  much  so  to  men  and  boys  as  to  mice. 

Cases  of  poisoning  due  to  meat  which  seemed  thoroughly 
wholesome  have  sometimes  occurred  and  have  remained 
unexplained.  In  the  Revue  d'  Hygiene,  M.  Bourrier, 
inspector  of  meat  for  the  city  of  Paris,  makes  a  suggestion. 
He  described  his  experiments  with  meat  impregnated  with 
tobacco  smoke.  Some  thin  slices  of  beef  were  exposed  for 
a  considerable  time  to  the  fumes  of  tobacco,  and  afterward 
offered  to  a  dog  which  had  been  deprived  of  food  for  twelve 
hours.  The  dog,  after  smelling  the  meat,  refused  to  eat  it. 
Some  of  the  meat  was  tin  n  cut  into  small  pieces  and  con- 
cealed within  bread.  This  the  dog  ate  with  avidity,  but  in 
twenty  minutes  commenced  to  display  the  most  distressing 
symptoms,  and  soon  died  in  great  agony. 

All  sorts  of  meat,  both  raw  and  cooked,  some  grilled, 
roasted,  and  boiled,  were  exposed  in  tobacco  smoke  and 
then  given  to  animals,  and  in  all  cases  produced  symptoms 
of  acute  poisoning.  Even  the  process  of  boiling  could  not 
extract  from  the  meat  the  nicotine  poison.  Grease  and 
similar  substances  have  facilities  of  absorption  in  propor- 
tion with  their  fineness  and  fluidity.  Fresh-killed  meat  is 
more  readily  impregnated,  and  stands  in  order  of  suscepti- 
bility as  follows — pork,  veal,  rabbit,  poultry,  beef,  mutton, 
horse. 

A  simple  experiment  which  will  show  how  injurious  is 
cigarette  smoke  inhaled  may  be  easily  performed  by  means 
of  a  handkerchief.  After  taking  a  mouthful  of  smoke,  put 
the.  handkerchief  tightly  over  the  lips  and  blow  the  smoke 
through  it.  You  will  find  a  dark  brown  stain  on  it.  If 
the  smoke  is  inhaled,  and  then  blown  through  the  handker- 
chief, there  is  very  little  stain,  if  any ;  consequently  all  that 
nicotine  must  remain  in  the  lungs. 


148  HEALTH,  HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

An  Ex-Smoker's  Advice. — A  young  man  who,  not  long 
ago,  was  an  inveterate  smoker,  but  who  was  recently  induced 
to  "  swear  off,"  came  to  me  and  talked  in  this  strain :  "  I  have 
been  doing  some  figuring  lately,  and  the  result  astonishes 
me.  When  I  was  smoking  my  hardest  my  average  was 
eight  cigars  a  day.  Sometimes  it  would  run  over  eight  and 
sometimes  under;  but  eight  was  about  the  all-round  figure. 
I  rarely  bought  my  cigars  by  the  box,  and  as  I  indulged  in 
straight  10-cent  goods,  80  cents  a  day  was  what  my  smok- 
ing cost  me.  This,  with  40  cents  added  for  cigars  that  I 
gave  away  and  lost  shaking  dice,  make  a  total  of  about 
$6.00  a  week  that  I.  now  save.  It  is  just  nine  weeks  and 
three  days  since  I  swore  off,  and  by  Saturday  I  shall  have 
$60  in  the  bank,  without  an  effort  on  my  part  save  that 
required  to  control  an  unnecessary  appetite.  I  must  also 
regard  as  an  asset  the  superabundance  of  animal  spirits  I 
enjoy  as  a  direct  result  of  my  abstinence  from  a  habit  that 
everybody  knows  is  weakening,  when  indulged  in  to  excess. 
Smoke  yourself,  do  you  ?  Well,  try  my  scheme.  Swear 
off  and  put  your  cigar  money  in  the  bank.  You  might 
need  it  some  day,  even  if  you  are  a  newspaper  man." 

The  New  York  Medical  Journal  contains  a  convincing 
article  on  tobacco:  "  Tobacco  contains  an  acrid,  dark  brown 
oil,  an  alkaloid,  nicotine,  and  another  substance  called  nicotia- 
nine,  in  which  exists  its  odorous  and  volatile  principles. 
When  tobacco  is  burned  a  new  set  of  substances  is  pro- 
duced, some  of  which  are  less  harmful  than  the  nicotine, 
and  are  more  agreeable  in  effect,  and  much  of  the  acrid 
oil — a  substance  quite  as  irritating  and  poisonous  as  nicotine 
— is  carried  off.  These  fire-produced  substances  are  called, 
from  their  origin,  the  'pyridine  series.'  By  great  heat  the 
more  aromatic  and  less-harmful  members  of  the  series  are 
produced,  but  the  more  poisonous  compounds  are  generated 
by  the  slow  combustion  of  damp  tobacco.  This  oil  which 
is  liberated  by  combustion  is  bad  both  in  flavor  and  in 
effect,  and  it  is  better,  even  for  the  immediate  pleasure  of 
the  smoker,  that  it  should  be  excluded  altogether  from  his 
mouth  and  air  passages. 

"Smoking  in  a  stub  of  a  pipe  is  particularly  injurious, 


HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY.  149 

for  the  reason  that  in  it  the  oil  is  stored  in  a  condensed 
form,  and  the  smoke  is  therefore  highly  charged  with  the 
oil.  Sucking  or  chewing  the  stub  of  a  cigar  that  one  is 
smoking  is  a  serious  mistake,  because  the  nicotine  in  the 
unburned  tobacco  dissolves  freely  in  the  saliva,  and  is  ab- 
sorbed. '  Chewing '  is,  on  this  account,  the  most  injurious 
form  of  the  tobacco  habit,  and  the  use  of  a  cigar  holder  is 
an  improvement  on  the  custom  of  holding  the  cigar  between 
the  teeth.  Cigarettes  are  responsible  for  a  great  amount  of 
mischief,  not  because  the  smoke  from  the  paper  has  any 
particularly  evil  effect,  but  because  smokers — and  they  are 
often  boys  or  very  young  men — are  apt  to  use  them  con- 
tinuously, or  at  frequent  intervals,  believing  that  their  power 
for  evil  is  insignificant  Thus  the  nerves  are  under  the  con- 
stant influence  of  the  drug,  and  much  injury  to  the  system  re- 
sults. Moreover,  the  cigarette  smoker  uses  a  very  consider- 
able amount  of  tobacco  during  the  course  of  a  day.  '  Dip- 
ping' and  'snuffing'  are  semi-barbarities  which  need  not  be 
discussed.  Not  much  effect  is  obtained  from  the  use  of  the 
drug  in  these  varieties  of  the  habit. 

"Nicotine  is  one  of  the  most  powerful  of  the  'nerve 
poisons'  known.  Its  virulence  is  compared  to  that  of 
prussic  acid.  If  birds  be  made  to  inhale  its  vapor  in 
amounts  too  small  to  be  measured,  they  are  almost  in- 
instantly  killed.  It  seems  to  destroy  life,  not  by  attacking 
a  few,  but  of  all  the  functions  essential  to  it,  beginning  at 
the  center,  the  heart.  A  significant  indication  of  this  is 
that  there  is  no  substance  known  which  can  counteract  its 
effects ;  the  system  either  succumbs  or  survives.  Its  depress- 
ing action  on  the  heart  is  by  far  the  most  noticeable  and  note- 
worthy symptom  of  nicotine  poisoning.  The  frequent  ex- 
istence of  what  is  known  as  'tobacco  heart1  in  men  whose 
health  is  in  no  other  respect  disturbed  is  due  to  this  fact." 

"A  youth  of  eighteen  at  Bayshire,  L.  L,  has  become  in- 
sane from  the  excessive  use  of  cigarettes." 

Those  who  can  use  tobacco  without  immediate  injury 
will  have  all  the  pleasant  efforts  reversed  and  will  suffer 
from  the  symptoms  of  poisoning  if  they  exceed  the  limits  of 
tolerance.  These  symptoms  are:  1.  The  heart's  action 


150  HEALTH,  HAPPINESS  A:N7D  LONGEVITY. 

becomes  more  rapid  when  tobacco  is  used.  2.  Palpitation, 
pain,  or  unusual  sensations  in  the  heart.  3.  There  is  no  ap- 
petite in  the  morning,  the  tongue  is  coated,  delicate  flavors 
are  not  appreciated,  and  acid  dyspepsia  occurs  after  eating. 
4.  Soreness  of  the  mouth  and  throat,  or  nasal  catarrh 
appears,  and  becomes  very  troublesome.  5.  The  eyesight 
becomes  poor,  but  improves  when  the  habit  is  abandoned. 
6.  A  desire,  often  a  craving,  for  liquor  or  some  other  stimu- 
lant is  experienced. 

"  In  an  experimental  observation  of  thirty-eight  boys  of 
all  classes  of  society,  and  of  average  health,  who  had 
been  using  tobacco  for  periods  ranging  from  two  months  to 
two  years,  twenty-seven  showed  severe  injury  to  the  con- 
stitution and  insufficient  growth;  thirty-two  showed  the 
existence  of  irregularity  of  the  heart's  action,  disordered 
stomachs,  cough,  and  a  craving  for  alcohol;  thirteen  had 
intermittency  of  the  pulse,  and  one  had  consumption.  After 
they  had  abandoned  the  use  of  tobacco,  within  six  months 
one-half  were  free  from  all  their  former  symptoms,  and  the 
remainder  had  recovered  by  the  end  of  the  year." 

Pasteur  Recommends  Camphor  Smoking. — In  an  inter- 
view with  M.  Pasteur,  he  was  asked  whether  he  considered 
la  grippe  occasioned  by  bacteria?  The  professor  smiled 
sardonically  and  shrugged  his  shoulders,  but  said  nothing. 
On  being  asked  what  he  considered  the  best  remedy  for  the 
malady,  he  remarked:  "Let  men  and  women  both  quit 
smoking  tobacco  and  smoke  camphor  instead,  and  they 
will  probably  escape  the  pest." — Paris  Special. 

The  Bulletin  of  this  city  has  a  good  article  on  insanity 
and  the  cigarette.  Ten  or  twelve  boys  have  within  a  short 
time  been  committed  to  the  insane  asylum  at  Napa  whose 
insanity  has  been  traced  directly  to  the  smoking  of  cigarettes. 
The  number  who  by  reason  of  the  same  indulgence  have 
brought  on  a  degree  of  imbecility  that  may  ultimately  land 
them  in  the  asylum  or  in  the  penitentiary  cannot  be  re- 
duced to  an  exact  estimate.  But  having  occasion  recently 
to  make  some  inquiry  about  a  number  of  boys  who  had 
figured  in  the  records  of  the  criminal  courts,  it  was  found 
that  a  majority  of  them  were  habitual  smokers  of  cigarettes. 


HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY.  151 

The  connection  between  cigarette  smoking,  mental  im- 
becility, idiocy,  and  crime  has  recently  attracted  more 
than  usual  attention.  No  boy  or  young  man  can  smoke  a 
cigarette  without  being  harmed  thereby.  One  of  the  rea- 
sons ascribed  for  the  lunacy  of  several  boys  was  that  the 
cigarettes  were  made  up  of  the  vilest  stuff.  They  contained 
a  narcotic  beyond  that  usually  found  in  pure  tobacco. 
This  is  supposed  to  be  some  of  the  cheaper  forms  of  opium. 
But,  whatever  it  may  be,  it  is  making  imbeciles  and  idiots 
of  many  boys,  and  criminals  of  some  of  them.  In  a  num- 
ber of  instances  where  boys  have  been  sent  to  the  asylum,  it 
was  found  that  after  a  short  period,  the  cigarette  and  all 
other  forms  of  dissipation  having  been  cut  off,  the  patients 
rapidly  improved,  and  after  a  few  months'  detention  they 
were  sent  home.  The  evil  does  not  end  here.  If  a  boy 
becomes  an  inveterate  cigarette  smoker,  the  chances  are 
greatly  against  any  reformation.  Some  friend  may  take 
him  in  hand  and  show  him  the  danger  in  season.  The 
larger  number  will  keep  right  on.  Of  this  number  it  is 
doubtful  if  ten  per  cc>nt  will  ever  come  to  anything.  And 
even  these  will  accomplish  far  less  than  if  they  had  never 
weakened  their  mental  powers  by  this  vile  indulgence. 

The  crazy  boys  who  bring  up  in  the  asylum  are  only  the 
few  wretched  examples  of  the  cigarette  mania.  Other  ex- 
amples are  constantly  found  in  the  criminal  courts.  The 
moral  souse  has  been  utterly  lost,  or  so  weakened  that  there 
is  no  clear  distinction  between  right  and  wrong.  Every 
boy  who  smokes  a  cigarette  has  started  to  go  to  the  bad. 
Just  where  he  will  bring  up — whether  in  the  insane  asylum, 
in  the  criminal  courts,  or  in  a  condition  of  such  hopeless 
moral  and  mental  imbecility  that  friends  must  support  him, 
or  the  almshouse  must  finally  give  him  shelter,  is  one  of 
the  questions  that  time  will  settle  for  him.  But  if  any 
better  record  is  to  be  made  for  him,  the  boy  and  the  cigar- 
ette must  have  a  prompt  and  final  separation. 

The  Boston  Herald  states :  "  It  is  said  that  Turkish  tobacco 
contains  prussic  acid,  and  that  Havana  tobacco  has  an- 
other alkalide  called  oollidino,  of  which  one-twentieth  of  a 
drop  will  kill  a  frog,  with  symptoms  of  paralysis.  The 


152  HEALTH,  HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

half-liquid  matter  that  accumulates  in  the  bowl  of  a  pipe 
will  kill  a  small  animal  in  three-drop  doses.  A  few  drops 
of  nicotine  inserted  under  the  conjuctiva  of  an  animal  will 
kill  at  once.  Eight  drops  will  kill  a  horse,  with  frightful 
general  convulsions.  It  has  been  observed  that  the  living 
systems  quickly  become  tolerant  of  tobacco  poison — "  an 
animal  that  is  thrown  into  convulsions  by  half  a  drop  one 
day  will  require  twice  as  much  the  next  day,  and  so  in  four 
or  five  days  four  or  five  times  as  much." 

The  following  is  suggestive:  No  student  who  smokes  can 
obtain  a  scholarship  at  Dartmouth  College,  Hanover,  N.  H. 
It  is  a  new  rule  of  the  faculty. 

As  the  purchase  of  the  breweries  of  the  United  States 
has  been  commenced  by  the  capitalists  of  the  eastern  con- 
tinent, I  trust  they  will  extend  their  purchases  to  the  distill- 
eries and  tobacco  warehouses  and  plantations  on  this  conti- 
nent, especially  of  the  United  States ;  its  financiers  being 
shrewd  will  the  sooner  observe  the  advancement  of  intelligent 
progress  in  the  line  of  thought,  and  change  their  invest- 
ments from  breweries,  distilleries,  and  cigarette  and  tobacco 
manufactories,  to  the  sinking  of  artesian  wells  and  the 
invention  of  some  improved  water-filter. 

TonsilitiS,  Quinsy,  Black  Tongue,  or  Ulcerated  Sore 
Throat.— 

PRESCRIPTION. 

Solution  chlorate  of  potash  (1  in  16) 3  ounces 

Tincture  muriate  of  iron 2  drachms 

Tannic  acid , 10  grains 

Tincture  of  capsicum 1  drachm 

Add  glycerine  to  make 4  ounces 

Shake  well  before  using. 

Dilute  in  equal  parts  of  water,  and  gargle  every  half 
hour  in  a  severe  case  for  the  first  three  hours.  After  that 
every  two  or  three  hours.  The  above  is  invaluable  and  un- 
failing in  case  of  quinsy. 

Vital  Statistics. — Statisticians  are  bringing  out  some 
curious  facts  with  regard  to  the  birth  and  death-rates  of 
the  leading  nations  of  the  world.  Unfortunately,  our  tables 


HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY.  153 

are  not  as  accurate  as  those  collected  in  the  European 
States.  Abroad  there  is  a  careful  record  of  marriages, 
births,  and  deaths.  These  are  collected  by  us  without  any 
thoroughness,  save  only  when  a  census  is  being  taken.  In 
England  and  Wales  it  has  been  found  that  the  birth-rate  is 
35.4  and  the  death-rate  is  20.5  per  1,000  persons/  In 
Sweden  the  birth-rate  is  30.2,  against  a  death-rate  of  18.1. 
In  the  German  Empire,  birth-rate  39.3  and  death-rate  26.1. 
Austria,  39.1  birth-rate,  29.6  death-rate.  The  official  re- 
turns state  that  our  annual  birth-rate  is  36  and  death-rate 
18,  but  clearly  our  birth-rate  is  much  larger,  as  we  are 
growing  in  numbers  faster  than  any  people  on  earth.  Our 
increase  is  fully  10,000,000  since  the  last  census  was  taken 
in  1880.  Our  colored  population  have  a  higher  birth-rate 
than  have  the  Southern  whites.  Among  the  latter  it  is  28.71, 
while  for  the  colored  it  is  35.08.  Although  the  death-rate 
of  the  blacks  is  quite  large,  still  they  are  increasing  relatively 
faster  than  the  white.  It  is  also  a  curious  fact  that  more 
colored  females  are  born  than  whites,  but  taking  blacks  and 
whites  together  the  births  of  the  males  exceed  those  of  the 
females. 

The  report  of  the  California  State  Board  of  Health  for 
the  month  of  April,  1889,  contains  the  following:  Reports 
from  75  different  localities,  with  an  estimated  population  of 
701,950,  give  a  mortality  of  835,  which  is  a  percentage  of 
1.18  per  1,000  in  the  month,  or  an  annual  mortality  of  14.16, 
which  is  the  lowest  annual  percentage  at  which  we  have  yet 
arrived,  indicating  a  remarkably  good  condition  of  the  pub- 
lic health  throughout  the  State. 

Voico. — A  question  in  connection  with  the  training  of 
the  voice  is  to  be  discussed,  viz.,  when  it  should  be  com- 
menced. With  regard  to  the  question,  says  a  distinguished 
scientist,  "I  am  strongly  of  opinion  that  training  can 
hardly  be  begun  too  early.  Of  course,  the  kind  and  amount 
of  practice  that  are  necessary  in  the  adult  would  be  mon- 
strous in  a  young  child,  but  there  is  no  reason  why,  even  at 
the  age  of  six  or  seven,  the  right  method  of  voice  produc- 
tion should  not  be  taught.  Singing,  like  every  other  art,  is 
chiefly  learned  by  imitation,  and  it  seems  a  pity  to  lose  the 


154  HEALTH,  HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

advantage  of  those  precious  early  years  when  that  faculty 
is  most  highly  developed.  There  is  no  fear  of  injuring 
the  larynx  or  straining  the  voice  by  elementary  instruction 
of  this  kind ;  on  the  contrary,  it  is  habitual  faulty  vocaliza- 
tion which  is  pernicious." 

There  are  three  essential  elements  in  voice  production : 
First,  the  air  blast,  or  motive  power;  second,  the  vibrating 
reed,  or  tone-producing  apparatus;  third,  the  sounding- 
board,  or  re-inforcing  cavities.  These,  to  parody  a  well-worn 
physiological  metaphor,  are  the  three  legs  of  the  tripod  of 
voice.  Defect  in  or  mismanagement  of  any  one  of  them  is 
fatal  to  the  musical  efficiency  of  the  vocal  instrument. 
The  air  supplied  by  the  lungs  is  moulded  into  sound  by  the 
innumerable  little  fingers  of  the  muscles  which  move  the 
vocal  cords,  and  their  training  largely  moulds  the  tone  and 
volume  of  voice.  Much  of  the  lung  and  throat  troubles 
existing  can  be  traced  to  the  ignorance  of  vocal  teachers 
and  parental  indulgence  in  allowing  the  voice  to  be 
strained  beyond  its  register.  To  know  a  teachet  that  under- 
stands the  proper  treatment  of  the  vocal  organs,  from  one 
that  does  not— judge  them  by  their  pupils;  if  a  pupil  has 
an  impaired  throat,  and  there  is  no  improvement  after  six 
lessons,  change  teachers.  Every  vocal  teacher  can  instruct 
in  the  rudiments  of  music,  but  only  one  in  fifty  knows  any- 
thing about  the  voice. 

Warts. — A  drop  of  cinnamon  oil  on  each  wart  daily, 
continued  for  a  fortnight,  will  usually  remove  them.  The 
most  successful  remedy  we  have  ever  tried  is  to  have  the 
wart  saturated  three  times  a  week  for  three  weeks  with 
the  saliva  of  a  person  of  positive  magnetism,  not  a  member  of 
the  family.  There  is  a  scientific  reason  for  it  not  here  ex- 
plained, but  try  it. 

Water. — If  a  small  quantity  of  oxalic  acid  added  to 
water  produces  a  white  precipitate,  lime  is  contained  in  the 
water.  Tincture  of  galls  added  to  the  water  which  con- 
tains iron  will  yield  a  black  precipitate.  Water  which 
causes  a  bright  piece  of  steel  to  turn  yellow,  when  dipped 
into  it,  contains  copper.  Sulphuric  acid,  dropped  into 
water  and  turning  it  black,  shows  that  the  water  contains 


HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY.  ^^  1         155 

vegetable  and  animal  matter.  For  detecting  sewage  con- 
tamination, fill  a  clean  pint  bottle  three-fourths  full  of  the 
water  to  be  tested;  add  a  teaspoonful  of  granulated  sugar; 
cork  the  bottle,  and  set  it  in  a  warm  place  for  two  days; 
if  the  contents  of  the  bottle  become  cloudy  or  muddy,  the 
water  is  unfit  for  domestic  use.  Half  an  ounce  of  the  neu- 
tral solution  of  bisulphate  of  alumina  added  to  200  gallons 
of  water  will  precipitate  the  organic  matter  therein  con- 
tained; the  water  may  be  then  used  freely  for  drinking 
purposes.  To  remove  the  odor  from  cistern  water,  suspend 
in  the  water  a  bag  containing  a  peck  of  charcoal. 

According  to  Dr.  Lcuf,  when  water  is  taken  into  the  full 
or  partly  full  stomach,  it  does  not  mingle  with  the  food, 
as  we  are  taught,  but  passes  along  quickly  between  the 
food  and  lesser  curvative  toward  the  pylorus,  through  which 
it  passes  into  the  intestines.  The  secretion  of  mucus  by 
the  lining  membrane  is  constant,  and  during  the  night  a 
considerable  amount  accumulates  in  the  stomach  ^  some  of  its 
liquid  portion  is  absorbed,  and  that  which  remains  is  thick 
and  tenacious.  If  food  is  taken  into  the  stomach  when  in 
this  condition  it  becomes  coated  with  this  mucus,  and  the 
secretion  of  the  gastric  juice  and  its  action  are  delayed. 
These  facts  show  the  value  of  a  goblet  of  water  before  break- 
fast. This  washes  out  the  tenacious  mucus  and  stimulates 
the  gastric  glands  to  secretion.  In  old  and  feeble  persons 
water  should  not  be  taken  cold,  but  it  may  be  with  great 
advantage  taken  warm  or  hot.  This  removal  of  the  accu- 
mulated mucus  from  the  stomach  is  probably  one  of  the 
reasons  why  taking  soup  at  the  beginning  of  a  meal  has 
been  found  so  beneficial. 

There  is  no  remedy  of  such  general  application,  and  none 
so  easily  obtainable,  as  water,  and  yet  nine  persons  in  ten 
will  pass  it  by  in  emergency  to  seek  for  something  of  less 
efficacy.  There  are  but  few  cases  of  illness  where  water 
should  not  occupy  the  highest  place  as  a  remedial  agent. 
A  strip  of  flannel  or  a  napkin  wrung  out  of  hot  water  and 
applied  round  the  nock  of  a  child  that  has  croup  will  usually 
bring  relief  in  ten  minutes.  A  towel  folded  several  times 
and  quickly  wrung  out  of  hot  water  and  applied  over  the 


156  HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

seat  of  the  pain  in  toothache  or  neuralgia  will  generally 
afford  prompt  relief.  This  treatment  in  colic  works  like 
magic.  A  physician  writes:  "We  have  known  cases  that 
have  resisted  other  treatments  for  hours  yield  to  this  in  ten 
minutes.  There  is  nothing  that  will  so  promptly  cut  short 
congestion  of  the  lungs,  sore  throat,  or  rheumatism  as  hot 
water  when  applied  promptly  and  thoroughly.  Pieces  of 
cotton  batting  dipped  in  hot  water  and  kept  applied  to  sores 
and  new  cuts,  bruises,  and  sprains,  is  the  treatment  adopted 
in  many  hospitals.  Sprained  ankle  has  been  cured  in  an 
hour  by  showering  it  with  water  poured  from  a  few  feet. 
Tepid  water  acts  promptly  as  an  emetic,  and  hot  water  taken 
freely  half  an  hour  before  bed-time  is  the  best  cathartic  in 
the  case  of  constipation,  while  it  has  a  most  soothing  effect 
on  the  stomach  and  bowels.  This  treatment  continued  for 
a  few  months,  with  proper  attention  to  diet,  will  alleviate 
any  case  of  dyspepsia. 

Water  Pollution  Remedy. — According  to  Dr.  S.  S. 

Kilvington,  the  Mississippi  River  received  during  the  past 
year  152,675  tons  of  garbage  and  offal,  108,550  tons  of 
night-soil,  and  3,765  dead  animals  from  only  eight  cities; 
the  Ohio  46,700  tons  of  garbage,  21,157  tons  of  night-soil, 
and  5,100  dead  animals  from  five  cities;  and  the  Missouri 
36,000  tons  of  garbage,  22,400  tons  of  night-soil,  and  31,- 
600  dead  animals  from  four  cities.  Doctor  Kilvington 
urges  the  cremation  of  most  of  the  refuse,  and  23  out  of 
35  health  officials  consulted  by  him  favored  the  plan. 

WllOOping-Coil;£h — Mr.  W.  A.  Stedman,    superin- 
tendent of  the  Rochester  Gas  Works,  gives  his  opinion:— 

"The  fumes  of  the  substance  used  to  purify  gas  are  gen- 
erally recognized  as  a  specific  for  this  disease. 

"  The  composition  used  for  purifying  gas  is  composed  of 
wood  shavings,  iron  filings,  lime,  and  sometimes  copperas. 
This  substance  cleanses  the  gas  of  the  ammonia  and  sulphur 
it  contains.  If  a  child  with  the  whooping-cough  is  allowed  to 
breathe  the  fumes  of  the  purifier  after  it  becomes  foul,  imme- 
diate relief  will  be  experienced.  The  fumes  of  the  lime  after 
it  has  been  taken  out  are  particularly  beneficial.  The  lime, 
after  it  is  taken  out,  begins  to  heat  and  throws  off  fumes 
strongly  impregnated  with  ammonia.  After  breathing  these 


HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY.  157 

fumes  for  a  short  time  the  cough  seems  to  loosen,  and  two 
of  the.M'  vi.-its  will  generally  cure  the  most  obstinate  c:. 

"In  Newport  one  winter,  when  I  was  superintendent  of 
the  gaa  works  there,there  was  an  epidemic  of  whooping-cough, 
and  I  treated  over  1>(H)  cases,  with  the  happiest  results.  I 
had  so  many  patients  that  1  was  forced  to  put  benches  in 
the  purifying-room.  Once  in  awhile  there  are  people  af- 
fected with  whooping-cough  to  whom  this  gas  treatment 
gives  no  relief,  but  they  are  the  exception  rather  than  the 
rule.  In  nearly  every  instance  it  gives  immediate  relief  and 
eflects  a  positive  cure.  I  know  of  many  physicians  who  send 
all  their  whooping-cough  patients  straightway  to  the  gas 
works.  I  know  that  it  is  a  sure  cure  from  persona  l.experience, 
and  we  would  be  happy  to  extend  the  courtesies  of  our  purify- 
ing-room to  any  person  who  is  suffering  from  the  disc 

Yellow  Fever- — The  yellow  fever  is  one  of  the  varied 
forms  of  the  typhus,  the  name  being  derived  from  the  hue 
of  the  victim,  while  the  Spanish  call  it  vomlto  negro — the 
black  vomit — from  one  of  its  symptoms.  Itsbomeis  tropical 
Africa  and  tropical  America,  but  it  is  never  found  in  India 
and  China,  hot  as  the  climate  may  be.  The  cause  of  this 
(liiK'i-ence,  however,  has  never  been  explained.  Its  greatest 
prevalence  is  on  the  sea-coast  or  banks  of  navigable  rivers. 
Its  ordinary  duration  of  attack  is  from  36  to  48  hours. 
The  yellow  tinge  first  appears  in  the  eye  and  then  spreads 
over  the  face,  gradually  reaching  the  extremities  and  often 
niiig  dark  brown.  The  rate  of  mortality  varies  in  a 
striking  degree,  for  in  some  places  one-third  of  the  cases 
prove  fatal,  while  in  others  the  mortality  reaches  two-thirds, 
and  then  at  other  times  it  has  not  exceeded  three  per  cent. 
Treatment  varies  more  in  this  disease  than  in  any  other, 
which  is  a  proof  that  thus  far  it  has  baffled  the  best  practi- 
tioners. Like  all  other  forms  of  pestilence,  it  not  only 
walketh  in  darkness  but  de-troveth  at  noonday. 

The  disease  itself  is  not  as  dangerous  as  typhoid  fever  when 
properly  handled.  It  is  a  continuous  fever,  lasting  72  hours. 
The  premonitory  svmptoms  are  a  pain  in  the  back  of  the 
head  and  in  the  loins,  followed  by  a  slight  chill.  The  pulse 
and  temperature  then  rise  rapidly,  the  former  attaining 
usually  about  110  beats  to  the  minute,  and  the  latter  104 


158  HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

degrees  in  a  few  hours.  On  the  second  day  the  pulse  be- 
gins to  drop  and  continues  to  do  so  slowly  until  the  normal 
is  reached,  while  the  temperature  remains  steady,  and  this 
peculiarity  is  the  one  pathognomonic  symptom  of  the  disease, 
as  ascertained  by  experts  who  have  studied  many  epidemics. 
Toward  the  third  day  the  temperature  is  often  up  to  105. 
This  is  a  grave  symptom,  and  unless  it  can  speedily  be  re- 
duced, "  black  vomit"  or  gastric  hemorrhage  appears,  or  the 
kidneys  refuse  to  act  on  account  of  acute  inflammation  and 
destruction  of  tissue.  The  famous  black  vomit  is  not  fatal 
in  more  than  50  per  cent  of  cases  well  treated,  but  when 
albumen  appears  in  the  urine  death  almost  inevitably  fol- 
lows. Nursing  is  everything.  The  treatment  of  the  disease 
is  wholly  expectant.  A  hot  mustard  foot-bath  and  a  large 
dose  of  castor-oil  are  preliminaries.  After  this  nothing  is 
given  but  orange-leaf  tea,  to  promote  perspiration,  and 
sometimes  a  little  extract  of  jaboraudi.  Champagne  in 
small  quantities  is  found  to  be  the  best  preventive  of  black 
vomit,  and  dry  cupping  and  blisters  are  resorted  to  in  case 
of  a  tendency  to  kidney  trouble.  The  nurse  does  more  than 
the  doctor  in  yellow  fever  to  effect  a  cure,  and  in  New 
Orleans  nearly  all  the  black  "mammies"  are  experts  in 
handling  the  disease,  which  undoubtedly  accounts  for  the 
very  low  mortality  in  that  city's  epidemics.  To  watch  the 
patient,  be  quick  to  start  afire  if  a  north  wind  comes  to  chill 
the  air,  to  keep  the  clothing  adjusted,  see  that  no  talking  is 
allowed,  and  be  familiar  with  the  symptoms  forerunning 
black  vomit  or  kidney  trouble,  and  know  how  to  treat  them 
promptly — these  are  necessaries  in  nursing  yellow  fever,  and 
in  these  the  darkey  women  of  New  Orleans  are  more  familiar 
than  are  the  doctors  in  other  towns. 

On  the  third  day  after  the  attack,  when  the  fever  heat 
subsides,  the  patient  is  left  in  a  weak  and  horribly  nervous 
condition,  and  for  many  hours  is  subject  to  immediate  re- 
lapse upon  the  slightest  provocation.  Then  it  is  that  the 
tolling  of  a  bell,  the  sudden  shock  of  a  cannon  fired  by  silly 
authorities,  the  slightest  indigestion  or  exposure  to  cold  or 
excitement,  will  do  murder.  The  stomach  is  left  raw,  and 
for  many  days  only  milk,  gruel,  and  crackers  are  given,  doled 
out  in  miserly  quantity. 


HEALTH,   HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY.  159 

% 

SUPPLEMENTAL. 

The  following  important  items  do  not  appear  under  their 
regular  alphabetical  heading,  but  are  none  the  less  effica- 


f  o 

cious. 


Blindness. — A  Simple  Remedy  That  Often  Mill  Prevent 
This  Dreadful  Misfortune. — It  is  distressing  to  learn  that  out 
of  the  7,000  persons  blind  from  their  birth  in  this  country, 
\vhoo\ve  their  loss  of  sight  to  inflammation  of  the  eyes,  at 
least  two-thirds  might  now  have  been  in  the  enjoyment  of 
their  sight  but  for  the  ignorance  or  neglect  of  their  earliest 
guardians.  It  seems  that  the  remedies  for  the  infantile 
inflammation  which  causes  blindness  are  both  many  and  sim- 
ple. Thus,  says  the  London  Figaro,  it  cannot  be  too  widely 
made  known  that  the  eyes  of  the  newly-born  child,  if 
inflamed,  should  bo  washed  with  pure  warm  water,  and 
that  then  a  single  drop  of  a  2  per  cent  solution  of  nitrate  of 
silver  should  be  instilled  into  each  with  a  drop-tube.  In 
Germany  mid  wives  a  re  enjoined  to  adopt  the  above  remedial 
treatment,  under  oath,  and  since  this  has  IHVII  done  the 
decrease  in  the  number  of  blind  children  has  been  most 
appreciable. 

Increase  of  ]Mim1nrM. — Dr.  Lucien  Howe  says  blindness 
has  increased  in  the  State  of  New  York  during  the  past 
five  years  thirteen  times  as  fast  as  the  population;  and  the 
State  Charities  Commissioners  state  that  the  excess  in  the 
increase  of  the  insane  in  the  State  over  the  increase  in  the 
population  for  the  last  nine  years  has  been  forty -four  per 
cent.  These  figures  are  most  startling,  especially  when  it 
is  considered  that  the  modes  of  treating  the  eyes  and  brain 
arc  supposed  to  have  been  so  much  improved  of  late  years. 
— Ex. 

HicCOUgll. — A  Mechanical  Cure. — Procure  a  glass  of 
water  and"  pour  a  little  of  it  down  the  patient's  throat. 
While  lui  is  drinking  the  water  he  should  press  a  finger  on 
the  orifice  of  each  ear.  By  this  method  you  open  the 
glottis,  and  in  five  seconds  the  thing  is  done.  Should  you 
by  any  chance  meet  with  an  obstinate  case,  you  may  rest 
assured  that  the  throat  and  ears  were  not  closed  at  one  and 
the  same  time;  either  the  water  was  swallowed  before  the 


160  HEALTH,  HAPPINESS  AND  LONGEVITY. 

ears  were  thoroughly  stopped,  or  the  \vater  was  not  suffi- 
cient to  fill  the  throat.  Another  precaution  is  to  keep  the 
chin  well  up.  This  cure  was  obtained  by  the  writer  from 
an  old  Indian  medical  officer  who  had  experimented  for 
some  years  to  discover  a  method  of  relieving  the  terrible 
stage  of  hiccoughing  in  yellow  fever,  and  this  cure  was  the 
outcome. — Pharmaceutical  Journal. 

Hydrophobia. — Dr.  Bokai,  a  professor  at  the  Klausen- 
burg  University,  Hungary,  claims  to  have  discovered  an 
absolutely  certain  remedy  for  hydrophobia  and  for  destroy- 
ing the  virus  at  the  seat  of  the  bite.  The  remedy  consists 
of  a  solution  of  chlorine,  bromine,  sulphuric  acid,  and  per- 
manganate of  potash,  with  oil  of  eucalyptus.  The  above 
was  received  in  the  United  States  as  a  press  dispatch,  from 
Vienna,  February  3,  1890. 

Intemperance. — "  We  believe,"  says  the  Canada  Health 
Journal,  "  that  there  is  no  better  direct  remedy  for  intemper- 
ance than  strict  vegetarianism.  Sir  Charles  Napier  tried  a 
vegetable  diet  as  a  cure  for  intemperance  in  twenty-seven 
cases,  and  the  cure  was  effected  in  every  case,  the  time  vary- 
ing from  thirty-six  days  to  twelve  months." 

La  Grippe. — How  to  Prevent  It. — A  Boston  physician 
has  a  novel  preventive  of  the  influenza,  which  has  been 
named  la  grippe.  He  orders  a  small  quantity  of  the  flour 
of  sulphur  to  be  put  in  an  envelope  and  worn  in  the  bottom 
of  shoes.  "Only  this  and  nothing  more."  Patients  who 
complied  with  the  conditions  laid  down,  escaped  the  in- 
fluenza. This  particular  physician  evidently  has  some 
knowledge  of  human  nature.  If  he  had  told  his  patients,  in 
a  general  way,  to  keep  their  feet  warm,  they  would  have 
paid  no  attention  to  his  directions.  But  there  was  an  odor 
of  a  drug  store  in  the  sulphur  prescription,  and  they  fol- 
lowed it.  Perhaps  that  was  the  easiest  way  to  keep  the 
feet  warm. 

Teeth. — Extraction  Painless. — By  spraying  the  region 
of  the  external  ear  with  ether,  Drs.  Henoque  and  Fridel, 
of  Paris,  render  the  dental  nerves  insensible,  and  extract 
teeth  without  pain  or  general  anaesthesia. 


INDEX. 


PAGE. 

Accidents,  Percentage  of,  Preventable 30-32 

Prevention  of 85-87 

Advice  of  an  Ex-smoker 148 

Aids  m  .Morality,  Philadelphia  Ledger 58 

Alcohol,  Treatise  by  Dr.  Felix  Oswald  on 87,    88 

Alcoholic  IIal.it 87-92 

Alcoholism,  Remedy  for 92 

Reviewed  by  Dr.  Spitka 88,    89 

Animal  and  Human  Lives  Compared 45 

Antipyrine,  Female  Intoxicant 91 

Paralysis  Caused  by 139 

Appetite,  How  to  Improve  an 92 

Artery,  Ruptured,  Treatment  of  a 96 

Asphyxiation,  Remedy  for 93 

Attorney,  the  Most  Conscientious 60,    61 

Babiee,  Mortality  out  of  1,000 45,    46 

r.athin-,  IV.  Steele's  Ideas  of 21,93-96 

Beer-drinking  Excessive 90 

Beggar  Centenarians 13 

Bethesda  Water,  Benefits  of 9S,  108, 109, 113 

Bites  of  Snakes,  Remedy  for 145 

I'.lack  Tongue,  Prescription  for 152 

Bleeding,  Treatment  and  Cure  for 96 

Blindness,  a  simple  Remedy  for 159 

Increase  of,  in  State  of  N.  Y 159 

Boston  Globe  Reporter,  Experience  of  a 6 

Brain-Workers,  Time  to  Rest  for 82 

I'.rain  Worry,  Panacea  for 97 

BreakiaM,  Menu  for 24 

Breathing  Healthful  Mode  of 97,    98 

Breweries,  English  Purchasers  of. 152 

r.t  i-ht's  Disease,  Remedy  for 98 

Brown  Sc(,uard's  Vital  Elixir 48,  114 

Bruises,  Specific  for ' 

Bunions  and  Corns,  Preventive  for 108 

Hums,  Remedies  for 99 

Butchers'  Trade,  Effect  of 60 

CanriT  Not  Cured   by  Surgery ' 

Catholics  and  Liijuor  Kvil  37 

Cemeteries  of  London,  Pollution  of  the 33,    34 

Ghevreul,  A]..  Health  at  100  Years 68 

Chewing-gum.  Injurious  Kll'ect  of 99,  100 

11 


162  INDEX. 

Chills  and  Fever,  W.  S.  Green  on 130-133 

Cholera,  Remedies  for 100 

Church  and  Society  Duties 37 

Cigar  Dissipation 15 

Cigarette-smoking,  Insanity  Results  from 150 

Cleanliness,  Hints  on ". 100,  101 

of  Teeth,  Tongue,  and  Throat 20 

Clothing,  Importunities  about 111-113 

Hygienic  Advance  in 49 

Cold  and  Tired  Feet,  How  to  Prevent 101 

Colds,  Cure  for 101-103 

Commandments,  the  Ten  Health 28 

Constipation,  Remedies  for 19,  20,  103 

Consumption,  Causes  and  Palliatives 47 

Dr.  Chapin's  Treatise  on 103 

Treatment  of 103-108 

Consumptives'  Pride  Unhealthml 19 

Convulsions  (Fits),  Treatment  of 108 

Corns  and  Bunions,  Preventive  and  Cure  of. 108 

Cough  Remedy 102 

"      Whooping,  Cure  for 15Q 

Crematories  Will  Stop  Contagion 33-35 

Crime,  Prevention  of,  Dr.  Crosby 58-60 

Croup,  Instantaneous  Relief  of 109 

Dartmouth  College,  No  Student  Smoker  at 152 

Deafness,  Prevention  and  Cure  of 113,  114 

Death,  How  Produced 44,    45 

"       no  Physiological  Reason  for 76-78 

Death-rate,  of  Poor  and  Rich 49,    50 

of  Principal  Cities 49 

Deity,  Belief  in,  a  Necessity 54,    55 

Del  Monte  Hotel,  Model  for  Cleanliness. 41 

Diabetes,  Treatment  and  Remedies  for 109 

Digestion,  Time  Required  for 122 

Dinner  Menu 25,    26 

Diohtheria,  Dr.  Deriker's  Prescription Ill 

"  Dr.  Roulin's  Ill 

Dr.  Scott's  "          110 

Notes  on,  and  Treatment  of 109-111 

Diseases  and  Their  Remedies 79-160 

"        Individual  Experience  with 14,    ! 

Disparity  between  Actions  and  Teachings 

Dissipators  Long-lived,  Why? 12 

Dives  and  Variety  Theaters,  Grand  Jury's  Report 35 

Doctors  and  Dentists  a  Necessity 6,      7 

Drinks  for  the  Voice , 1 

Dropsy,  Treatment  for 1 

Dyspepsia,  Treatment  and  Remedy  for 113 

Ears,  Care  of  the 113 

Eat,  How  You  Should 22,    27 


INDEX.  163 

Eat,  What  You  Should...  22 

"      Not 22 

Editor's  Opinion  of  Evil 36 

,  How  Best  to  Preserve 123 

Electric  Light,  Incandescent,  Best 40 

Elixir,  Brown  Sequard's 48,  114 

Employment  N<'<vssary  for  Health 30 

Epidemics,  History  of 114-116 

Erysipelas,  Facts  Regarding 116 

Eeculapiua 6,    70 

Evil.  Editor's  Opinions  of 30 

"     fillisters'      "        "  36 

Exercise,  i'x  n  Hogan's  Opinion  of. 116,  117 

Ex-smoker's  Advice 148 

Eye-glasses,  When  to  Use 118 

Eye,  Surgical  Operation  on  the 47 

Eyes,  Care  of  the 117-119 

Faith  in  the  Source  of  Goodness 9 

Feet,  Cold  and  Tired,  How  Remedied 101 

Fever,  Yellow,  Treatment  of. 157,  158 

Filtered  Water  a  Necessity 21,    35 

Filters  Indispensable 35 

Fire  Losses  in  U.  S.,  How  to  Avoid 30 

Fits  (Convulsions),  Treatment  of 108 

Food,  Carbonates  of. 23 

"      for  Each  Meal 24-28 

"      Most  Wholesome 119-123 

"      Nitrates  of. 23 

Phosphates  of 23 

"      Sinew  Producing 23 

"      Temperature  Most  Healthful  for 12 

Foreign  Substances,  Removal  of 139 

Forgotten  Lore  Remembered 41-43 

Fountains,  Public,  a  Necessity  for 35 

Freckles,  How  to  Remove 123 

Friends  or  Quakers,  Average  Life  of 11 

Garbage  Creates  Contagion 32 

Gargle  for  Throat  Troubles ... 123 

<  ieiieral  Government,  Duties  of  the 37 

Germ  Theory,  Discovery  of  the 81 

God,  Clearer  Perception  of 9 

"     Who  and  What  Is 54,    55 

Gossip,  by  Dr.  J.  G.  Holland 61 

Bemedyfor 61,    62 

Grand  Jury's  Report,  of  S.  F.,Cal 35,    36 

I  lair,  Treatment  to  Preserve  the 123 

//'///'x./o//,-,/"/  i>j  11,-nlth  on  Food 119 

Hammond,  Dr.,  Death  Not  Imperative 76-78 

Happiness 51-65 

"         Formula  for 55 


164  INDEX. 

Happiness,  Not  Found  in  Ignorance 53 

Headache,  Causes  and  Remedies  for 124 

Health 5-50 

"      Beverages 124 

Chief  Desideratum 5-50 

Commandments,  Ten 28 

Contagious  as  Disease 10 

Happiness  and  Longevity 5-78 

How  to  Keep  in 10,  14-18 

Laughter  a  Promoter  of 46 

Maxims 41-43 

Officers'  Attention 32,    33 

Requirements  of 41-43 

Healthful  Houses,  by  Dr.  Gushing 40 

Hemorrhoids,  Remedy  for 135 

Hermit  Centenarians 13 

Hernia  or  Rupture,  Cure  for 125 

Hiccough,  Remedies  for ]25,  159 

High  License,  Liquor  Remedy 36 

Hotel  Del  Monte,  Model  for  Cleanliness 41 

House  Decorations,  Sanitary  News 40 

"       Sanitary,  Model  for 38-41 

Human  and  Animal  Lives  Compared 45 

"        Life  Prolonged,  Professor  Hammond 73 

Hydrophobia,  Drs.  Mottand  Baldwin  on 126 

Remediesfor 125, 126,  160 

Hygiene,  Systematic,  Dr.  J.  H.  Brown 70-72 

Hygienic  Clothing.. 49 

Ignorance  Is  Not  Happiness 53,    54 

Incandescent  Light  the  Best 40 

Individual  Duties 30 

Influenza  (La  Grippe),  Remedy  for 126 

Insanity  and  the  Cigarette,  Bulletin 150 

Insomnia,  Relief  for 126 

Insurance,  Persons  Not  Eligible 31 

Intemperance,  Cures  for 92,  160 

Deaths  Caused  by 90 

Intemperate  Men,  Age  of ". 13 

Invalids  Should  Not  Eat,  What? 27 

Irrigation  and  Malaria,  by  W.  S.  Green 130-133 

Kidney  Surgical  Operation,  Successful 47 

La  Grippe  (Influenza),  Remedy  for 126 

Pasteur's  Cure  for 150 

"  Prevention  of 160 

Lane,  Prof.  L.  C.,  on  Quackery 6 

Laughter,  a  Health  Promoter 46 

Lawyer,  the  Most  Conscientious 60,    61 

Lawyer's  Profession,  Influence  Exerted  by 60 

Lepers  of  Hawaii,  Number  of. ". 127 

"       Pork  Eaters  Are...  27 


INDEX.  165 

Leprosy,  Statistics  Regarding 12G-128 

Life  Being  Prolonged,  Reason  for 9 

Life-table  of  1,000  Souls 45,    46 

"  Vitiated  by  Anxiety  for 84 

Light,  Electric,  Incandescent,  Best 40 

Liquor  Remedy,  Hi^h  License 36 

Liquors  Consumed  in  U.  S.,  Value  of 88 

Lockjaw,  Successful  Treatment  of 129 

London  Cemeteries,  Condition  of. 33-35 

Longevity 6(5-78 

by  Dr.  Maurice 73-76 

"        Curiosities  of,  Dr.  Oswald 69,    73 

Possible  Without  Virtues 9,    12 

"        Statistics  Regarding 66 

Longman's  Magazine  on  Vegetable  Diet 121 

Love,  Those  Deserving 53 

Luncheon,  Menu .25,    26 

Macdonald,  Geo.,  Neighbor  of. 52 

Murkily,  Chas.,  on  Love's  Subjects 53 

Malaria  and  Irrigation,  by  W.  S.  Green 130-133 

"       Chills  and  Fever,  Cures  for 133 

"       New  Theory  by  W.  S.  Green  on 130-133 

Maladies  and  Ills  Cured 79-160 

Man,  Oldest 69 

Marriage,  Facts  Regarding 62,  129,  130 

Physical  Degeneration,  M.Huth  on 130 

Married  Life,  Is  It  a  Failure? 62,    63 

Maxims  for  Health 41-43 

.Measles  Contrasted  with  Small-pox 115 

Meats,  How  Best  Prepared 25 

"       Kind  and  Quality'of. 25 

Men,  Oldest 69 

Microbes  and  Bacilli  in  Water 21 

Milk,  Purity,  How  Ascertained -122 

Minister,  Teacher,  and  Physician 7 

Minister's  Opinion  of  Evil 36 

Misconceivements 43,    44 

Miser  Centenarians 13 

Mistakes  of  Life 53 

Morality,  Aids  to 58 

Municipalities,  Duties,  of. 

Naphtha,  a  Female  Intoxicant 91,    92 

Xdly  Ely's  Experience  with  Doctors 6 

Nervousness  and  Worry 134 

Nicotine  in  Tobacco,  Deadly  Poison 148,  149 

bleed,  Remedy  for 96 

Obesity  and  Thinness.  Treatment  for 134 

Oldest  Man  LivinginU.  s.  in  1890 66 

Pntti's  Formula  f«.r  Health 16 

Physician,  Minister,  and  Teacher 7 


166  INDEX. 

Piles,  Remedy  for 135 

Poem,  "  Deserving  Love,"  by  Chas.  Mackay 53 

"      Heart's  Test,  by  Ella  W.  Wilcox 51 

"      Milton's  "  Adam  to  Angel" 3 

"      "The  Two  Workers" 56 

"      "  Where  Do  You  Live  ?  "  by  Josephine  Pollard .56-58 

Poisons  and  Antidotes 135-139 

Mineral 136-139 

"       Taken  with  Impunity 13 

"       Vegetable 135 

Politeness,  Health  Interfering 18 

Pork,  Disease  Producing 26 

"      Unfit  for  Food 26 

Practical  Knowledge,  Health  Begetting 14 

Prevention  of  Accidents 85-87 

Prohibitionist's  Reason  for  Longevity.  11 

Public  Fountains  a  Necessitv 35 

"      Urinals      "         "      " .     37 

Quaker's  Life  Prolonged,  Why? 11 

"        or  Friends,  Average  Life  of. 11 

Quinsy,  etc.,  Prescription  for 152 

Regularity,  First  Consideration  Is 8 

Religionist's  Reaspnfor  Long  Life 11 

Religious  Perceptions 55 

Remedies  for  Alcoholism 92 

"  Diseases 79-160 

Supplemental  List 159,  160 

Rest,  One  Day  in  Seven  Necessary 38 

Rheumatism,  Prevention  and  Cure  of 139,  140 

Rupture  or  Hernia,  Cure  for 125 

Sanitation  and  Sanity , 80 

Sanitary  House  Building 38-41 

Scientific  Education,  Practical  Knowledge 14 

Scientist's  Reasons  for  Longevity 11 

Sea-bathing,  Effects  of 95 

Seasickness,  How  to  Prevent , 140 

Selfishness  Excusable  in  Tax-payer '....31,    32 

Sleep,  Hours  Required 20, 140-142 

"      Position  of  Body  During 141 

Small-pox  and  Vaccination 142 

"        Contrasted  with  Measles 115 

Smoking,  Evil  Effects  of. 148-152 

Pasteur's  Substitute,  Camphor 150 

Snake-bites,  Remedy  for 145 

Social  Evil,  Grand  Jury's  Report  of 36,    37 

Society  and  Church  Duties 37 

Sound  Health,  Secret  of. 83 

Spectacles,  When  to  Use 118 

Stimulants,  Most  Healthful 24 

Strychnine  Taken  with  Impunity 13 


INDEX.  167 

Substances,  Foreign,  Removal  of  139 

Sulsonal,  a  ,\e\v  Opiate 48 

Sunday,  or  One  Day,  for  Rest 38 

Superstitions  of  the  World.... 143-145 

Supplemental  List  of  Remedies 159,  100 

Tanks  for  Water,  Death-traps 32 

Tape- worms.  Cure  for 146 

Yax-payer.  Sellislmess  Excusable  in  the 31,     32 

Teacher,  Minister,  and  Physician 7 

Teeth,  Painle-s  Extraction  of. 160 

"      Treatment  of  the 17,    20 

Ten  Health  Commandments 28 

Temperament,  by  Ella  Wheeler  Wilcox 51,    52 

Temperance  Xot  Necessary  to  Longevity 12 

Temperature  for  Food  and  Drinks   12 

Thinness  and  Obesity,  Treatment  for 134 

Tobacco  Habit,  Dr.  Dudley  on 146 

"  "       Experiments  Regarding 150 

"       Authorities  on 140- loU 

Tonsilitis,  etc.,  Prescription  for 152 

Toothache,  Remedy  for 146 

Typhoid  Fever,  Substances  Affected  by 47 

Ulcerated  s«. re  Throat,  Reraedyfor 152 

ruder-garments,  Important  Function  of. 111-113 

I'rinals,  Public,  a  Necessity 37 

Vaccination  and  Small-pox 142 

Vegetable  Diet,  Why  Preferred 121,  122 

Vegetarian  Restaurants  in  London 122 

Virtues,  U.nik  of  the 8 

Vital  Statistics 10,  152,  153 

Principal  Cities 49 

Voice,  Drinks  for  the 124 

"       Kssential  Elements  in  the 154 

"       Treatment  of  the 153,  154 

Warts,  Remedies  for 154 

Water,  Detection  of  Impurities  in 154-156 

"        Kilt  rat  i<.n  of 154-156 

"       Pollution  Remedy 156 

When  to  Drink 155 

Water-tanks.  Uncleanly 32 

Weariness,  Different  Phases  of 44 

Treatment  for 44 

What  AVe  Inherit 63-05 

"  Where  Do  You  Live?]'  by  Josephine  Pollard 56 

Whooping-coagh,  Positive  Cure  for , 156,  157 

Wilcox,  Ella  Wheeler,  on  Temperament 51,     52 

Wi-'dom,  lYiTeijui ,-ites  for 51 

"  Workers,  the  Two" 56 

Worry  ana   Nrrvousne-s 134 

Yell'  .  Statistics,  and  Treatment  of 157,  158 


*  SlflTISTIGIflJi 

flflD  ECOHOffllST, 


»  «>• 


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UU.9  1971 


LD21A-50m-2,'71 
(P2001slO)476 — A-32 


General  Library 

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